CPSC C Exam 1

Phases of C Programming

- Edit - Compile: - Preprocess - Assemble - Link - Load - Execute

Types of Instructions

- Programing Language Instructions: English like instructions written by programmers in high level languages - Instruction set Instructions: more primitive instructions that the programming language instructions are broken down into

Utilities

- System Maintence - Security - Efficiency - Data Recovery - User Experience

Basic Types:

-int -float -double -char -_Bool

Compile

2 steps: - preprocessor that automatically executes before translation phase begins - assembler which converts to assembly language code then object code.

How many bits are in a byte?

8

Systems software

A group of programs that coordinate and control the resources and operations of a computer system.

strcpy

Assigns value of string1 to "Hello" strcpy (string1, "Hello");

CPU

Central Processing Unit; the brain of the computer. Measured in GHz. Extracts data from memory and executes it

strcat

Concatenates string values. str (string1, string2);

Device Drivers

Connects operating system to hardware devices

Editing

Consists of Editing a file with an editor program

mkdir dir_name

Create directory dir_name

rmdir dir_name

Delete directory dir_name

Who invented C and when?

Dennis Richie in 1969-1973

UNIX

Developed by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie in 1960s, then converted to C in 1973. Consists of: - a hierarchal file system - a command-line interface - multiple small utility programs - as well as the concept of computer processes and device files

Charles Babbage

He is known as the "Father of Computers." His ideas were later used to design calculators and computers.

Compiler

Made by Grace Murray-Hopper. Converts high level language into machine language.

Secondary Storage Devices

Media (e.g., jump drive, hard drive) capable of permanently storing data until it is replaced or deleted by the user. Measured in GB

Software Defn and Components

Programs that tell the computer what to do -Systems Software -Utilities -Applications

Applications

Programs that turn your computer into a powerful tool

RAM

Random Access Memory. For an instruction to be executed, it must be in RAM. Volatile. Measured in GB

strcmp

Returns 0 if str1 and str2 are equal, non-zero if they differ. strcmp (string1, string2);

What would "prog.c" be called?

Source Code

operating system

The main program that controls the operation of a computer

sematic error

These are logical errors, e.g. using a variable that hasn't been declared yet.

Alice Lovelace

This person from the 1800s is considered to have written the first "computer program". (From the 1800s? How can that be?) There is a computer programming language named after this person.

Language Translators

converts programming language to machine language

rm file_name

deletes file_name

Execute

executes program one instruction at a time

Linking

links object code to missing parts to create executional code

ls

lists content in current directory

Types of Programming Languages

machine language, assembly language, high-level language

What type of language is C?

procedural

int getchar()

reads one character at a time from a text string

mv src_file dest_file

renames src_file to dest_file

strlen

returns number of characters but does not include null strlen(string1);

ps

shows a list of processes you're running

cd ..

takes you back to previous directory

cd

takes you to home directory

Hardware Defn and Components

the physical devices that make up a computer system. -CPU -RAM -Secondary Storage Devices

Loader

transfers executable code into main memory

int putchar(int c)

writes one character at a time