Crash Course Chapter 4 Review

The war focused on

resources and power. And the Athenians were hardly saintly in all of this.

Peloponessian War

30 year war between the Athenians and Spartans. Spartans did not embrace democracy but instead embraced a kingship that functioned only because of a huge class of brutally mistreated slaves

battle of Thermopylae.

300 Spartans battled 5 million Persians.

Battle of Marathon

A plain about 26.2 miles away from Athens.

Greeks

4th century B.C.E. Right after the Persian Empire. founded democracy. Was mainly centered on the arts and in philosophy.

Parthenon

A temple that became a church and then a mosque until an armory until finally setting into its current gig in ruin.

Golden Age

Athens became the capital of Greece, which historians call the Golden Age. Parthenon

Aristophanes

Father of Comedy

Persian King Xerxes

Frustrated him which made him lead two major campaigns against the Athenians, and the Athenians enlisted the help of all the other Greek city-states.

Greeks lived in

city-states which consists of a city and its surrounding area. Most of these city-states featured at least some form of slavery and in all of them citizenship was limited to males. Ranged from democratic to plain dictorial.

Did the right side with the Persian wars?

Of course. After all, winning the Persian war set off the cultural flourishing that gave us the classical age. If the Persians won with their monarchy they might have strangled democracy in its crib and gave us more one man rule.

Herodotus (Greek)

One of the first true historians whose famous book, The Persian Wars, talks about the Persians quite a bit.

Darius I

Son of King Cyrus. Was even greater. He extended Persian control to the Indus Valley, west to Egypt, and north to Anatolia

Winner of the Peloponessian war

Spartans

Pericles

Statesmen whose famous funeral oration brags about the golden democracy of Athens

So between 490 and 480 B.C.E.

The Persians made war on the Greek city states. Featured the battle of Thermopylae and the battle of Marathon. The whole war started because Athens supported those aforementioned Ionian Greeks when they were rebelling in Anatolia against the Persians.

Persians embraced freedom of religion

Zoroastrianism was the main religion. Claimed to be the world's first monotheistic religion. Introduced the good/evil in the world.

The Greeks became

a foundation for Western Civilization. Greeks won the Persian War

The Greek government, compared to the Persian Empire, was

corrupt

achaemenid empire

founded in 539 B.C.E. by King Cyrus. Cyrus took his nomadic warriors and conquered most of Mesopotamia, including the Babylonians which ended a sad period in Jewish history called the Babylonian Exile.

Zoroastrianism forbids

slavery. Unheard in the Persian Empire