CRAWFORD Topic 16: World War I

what made WWI different from earlier wars?

technology

Lenin believed Revolution could bring change. who helped Lenin lead the fight?

(Leon) Trotsky

The British sent who to aid the Arabs?

(T.E.) Lawrence

the triple entente was later known as what?

Allies

the French yearned for the return of ______________ _______ _________________

Alsace and Lorraine

The Ottoman Turks were hard hit in the Middle east but _____________ nationalists revolted against Ottoman rule

Arab

Austria-Hungary worried that nationalism might lead to rebellions within its empire while Ottoman turkey felt threatened by nearby new nations in the ________________

Balkans

German forces fought their way toward France, but ________________ resistance foiled Germany's plans for a quick victory

Belgian

radical socialists in Russia were called __________________ and were led by V. I. Lenin

Bolsheviks

Who was in the triple entente?

Britain, France, and Russia

who were not allowed to participate at the Paris Peace Conference?

Central Powers and Russia

The communists organized the _______________, a brutal secret police force, to control their own people

Cheka

in reality, who actually had power in Russia?

Communist Party (not the people)

The Ottoman Empire's location enabled it to cut off Allied supply lines to Russia through the ______________________, a vital strait

Dardanelles

in 1917, the US declared war on __________________

Germany

in 1915, a U-boat torpedoed the British passenger liner _____________________

Lusitania

Which Tsar in Russia resisted change?

Nicholas II

Which empire joined the Central powers?

Ottoman Empire

Russia supported a powerful form of nationalism called what?

Pan-Slavism

the victorious Allies met at which conference to discuss the fate of europe, the former Ottoman empire, and various colonies around the world?

Paris Peace Conference

to the weary Russian people, Lenin promised what?

Peace, Land, and Bread

Who was ill-prepared and suffered a disastrous defeat when pushing into eastern Germany?

Russia

Germany declared war on ____________________ _______ ______________

Russia and France (France because they claimed it would honor its treaty with Russia)

Pan-slavism led Russia to support nationalists in ___________________

Serbia

Russia was in support of __________________ and began to mobilize its army

Serbia

A ________________ nationalist assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne at Sarajevo, Bosnia

Serbian

Serbia's dream of a ___________________ _________________ state could take land away from both Austria-Hungary and Turkey

South Slav

After the civil war in Russia, Lenin ha to rebuilt a shattered state and economy. what was the new nation called?

Soviet Union (USSR- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

in June 1919, the Allies ordered representatives of the new German Republic to sign which treaty?

Treaty of Versailles

which alliance included Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy?

Triple Alliance

Which alliance included Russia, France, and Britain?

Triple Entente

Lenin and the Bolsheviks were renamed _____________________ and overthrew the government and seized power

communists

nations imposed universal military _____________________ ("the draft") requiring all young men to be ready to fight.

conscription

international law allowed wartime blockades to confiscate ________________________, but the British blockaded all ships in and out of Germany

contraband

Allies organized ________________, groups of merchant ships protected by warships, to defend against the German U-boats

convoys

post war treaties left widespread _________________________

dissatisfaction

the Communist constitution in Russia set up an __________________ legislature. all political power, resources, and means of production would now belong to _______________ and __________________

elected, workers, peasants

alliances were also called what

ententes

European colonies refused to help the war effort of mother countries unless they were granted independence (true or false)

false

Use of new military technology influenced the fighting in World War I by allowing battle fronts to move widely, maintaining mobility on the Western Front (true or false)

false

Casualties rose higher on the Western Front when compared to the Eastern Front (true or false)

false (Eastern Front had more casualties)

Lenin did not allow capitalist ventures (true or false)

false (he did to help the economy recover)

pilots known as "flying aces" confronted each other in the skies and these "dog fights" had a major effect on the ground war (true or false)

false (it had little effect)

WWI was not a global conflict (true or false)

false (it was a global conflict even though most of the fighting took place in Europe)

the Reds' position in the center of Russia gave them a strategic disadvantage (true or false)

false (it was a strategic advantage and they defeated the White armies)

The US was able to support the league of nations (true or false)

false (they failed and weakened the League's power)

the three main Allied leaders all agreed with each other (true or false)

false (they had conflicting views)

European colonies in Africa and Asia were not drawn into the war (true or false)

false (they were)

Because the Allies drove back german forces, in September 1918, the German kaiser stepped down and the new German government sought an _________________ with the Allies

armistice

after the Bolshevik revolution, events in Russia led to the nation's withdrawal from WWI. After the withdrawal, _____________ _______ raged for three years between the _________________ "Reds" and the "White" armies of tsarist imperial officers

civil war, communist

the international league of nations is based on the idea of what? in this system, a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

collective security

Trotsky kept Red Army officers under the close watch of __________________- the Communist Party officials

commissars

in Russia, stories of incompetent generals and corruption eroded public confidence and led to ___________

revolution

among the most important points from Wilson was _________________________ for peoples in Eastern Europe

self-determination (the right for people to choose their form of government)

while Russia politicians set up a temporary government, revolutionary _________________ set up _____________, councils of workers and soldiers

socialists, soviets

The fighting on this Western Front, with the use of trenches, turned into a long, deadly ____________________, a deadlock that neither side could break

stalemate

at the end of the war, which leader insisted on the creation of an international League of Nations?

(American president Woodrow) Wilson

at the end of the war, which leader focused on rebuilding Britain?

(British Prime Minister David Lloyd) George

at the end of the war, which leader wanted to punish Germany severely?

(French leader Georges) Clemenceau

Who took over after Lenin's death and took ruthless steps to win total control of the nation?

(Joseph) Stalin

who was in the Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

the treaty of versailles forced ____________________ to assume full blame for the war, imposed huge _______________________ that would burden their economy, and limited the size of their military

Germany, reparations

in 1915, _____________ declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany

Italy

_______________ used WWI to seize German outposts in china and islands in the Pacific

Japan

German submarines called _______________ did tremendous damage to the Allied ships

U-boats

by 1918, about 2 million fresh America soldiers joined the war-weary Allied troops on the _________________ front

Western

Who was the president during WWI?

Wilson

Wilson issued his __________________ _______________-, his terms for resolving this and future wars

fourteen points

_______________________ had collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire by the end of the war

governments

sensational ________________ stirred the public against rival nations

journalism

Both Germans and the Allies equipped airplanes with these

machine guns

the new postwar treaties also created a system of ___________________, territories administered by western powers

mandates

who tried to ignite revolution among the proletariat?

marxists

the rise of ___________________ helped to feed the arms race

militarism

disasters on the WWI battlefield and shortages in Russia brought the __________________ to collapse ad the tsar abdicated

monarchy

High casualties, food shortages, and a stalemate caused the ________________ of both troops and civilians to plunge

morale

what also increased tensions?

nationalism

When the Germans violated Belgian _______________________ to invade France, Britain declared war on ________________. WWI had begun

neutrality, Germany

________________ rivalries divided European powers as they raced to acquire new colonies in Africa and elsewhere

overseas

The huge loss of life from WWI was made even worse in 1918 by a deadly _______________ of influenze

pandemic

alliances were form to try to keep what?

peace

in 1915, first Germany then the Allies began using _______________ _________

poison gas

unrest made the Balkans a what?

powder keg

______________ was used to control public opinion, circulating tales of atrocities, some true and others false

propaganda

out of the chaos, political ___________________ dreamed of building a new social order

radicals

WWI was a ______________ _________ in which the participants channeled all their resources into the war effort

total war

Both Belgian and Germany dug deep ____________________ along the battlefront to protect their armies from enemy fire

trenches

Due to the blockade, Germany used U-boats to impose its own blockade (true or false)

true

On Europe's Eastern Front, battle lines shifted back and forth (true or false)

true

Outside Europe, the Allies added to their overseas empire (true or false)

true

Russia lost battles in World War 1 because it was not able to supply its troops effectively (true or false)

true

Some Austrian leaders saw the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne as an opportunity to crush Serbian nationalism. they then sent Serbia an ultimatum (true or false)

true

The communists shot the former tsar and his family (true or false)

true

Trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front because it was difficult for either side to launch a successful offensive. (true or false)

true

With the Ottoman empire joining the war on the side of the Central Powers, the Allies lost a valuable supply line to Russia (true or false)

true

advances in technology brought about the introduction of tanks, airplanes, and modern submarines (true or false)

true

new nations emerged where the German, Austria, and Russian empires had once ruled, but many nationalities did not gain their own countries (true or false)

true

Austria leaders sent Serbia an ___________________, which Serbia refused to meet completely. Austria, with full support of ________________, declared war on Serbia in July 1914

ultimatum, Germany

As millions of men left to fight, who took over their jobs and kept national economies going?

women

Germany used __________________ to bomb the English coast

zeppelins