criminal justice 5

Bow Street Runners

An early English police unit formed under the leadership of Henry Fielding, magistrate of the Bow Street region of London.

night watch

An early form of police patrol in English cities and towns.

Exemplary Projects Program

An initiative, sponsored by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, designed to recognize outstanding, innovative efforts to combat crime and to provide assistance to crime victims.

Bobbies

British police force whose primary goal was the prevention of crime. Named after Sir Robert Peel, who introduced the legislation that created the force.

sheriff

Elected official who serves as the chief law enforcement officer in a county. Usually responsible for enforcement in unincorporated areas and the operation of the county jail.

Kansas City experiment

The first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices. Sponsored by the Police Foundation, it focused on the practice of preventive patrol. It showed that more officers didn't have less crime, nor less officers had more crime.

private protective services

an independent or proprietary commercial organization that provides protective services to employers on a contractual basis.

Statute of Winchester

A law, written in 1285, that created a watch and ward system in English cities and towns and that codified early police practices.

comes stabuli

A nonuniformed mounted law enforcement officer of medieval England. Early police forces were small and relatively unorganized but made effective use of local resources in the formation of posses, the pursuit of offenders, and the like.

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)

A now-defunct federal agency established under Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to funnel federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies mostly for education.

new police

A police force formed in 1829 under the command of Sir Robert Peel. It became the model for modern day police forces throughout the western world. Also called metropolitan Police Force. Used unarmed, uniformed beat patrol to prevent crime.

directed patrol

A proactive form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas.

Wickersham Commission

National Law Enforcement Commission, so named after its chair, George Wickersham, it was a national commission on law observance and enforcement created by Hoover in 1929. Its 1931 report recommended the repeal of Prohibition since it was unenforceable and carried a potential for police corruption.

Vigilantism

The act of taking the law into one's own hands.

scientific police management

The application of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose off increasing effectiveness , reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, enhancing the efficient use of available resources.