criminal justice chapter 7

On illegally entering Matthew's house to search for drugs, the police find evidence that Kristina is involved in a money-laundering scheme. Kristina does not live in Matthew's house. The evidence can be used against Kristina because she does not have: A) standing. B) probable cause. C) concurrence. D) ownership.

A) standing.

The derivative evidence rule is also known as the ________ doctrine. A)fruit of the poisonous tree B)fruit of the poisonous snake C)fruit of the poisonous berry D)fruit of the poisonous drug

A)fruit of the poisonous tree

What percentage of female victims of intimate partner violence call the police? A) 50 percent B) 25 percent C) 10 percent D) 75 percent

A) 50 percent

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the Miranda warnings? A) A suspect cannot consult a lawyer once the questioning begins. B) If a suspect cannot afford a lawyer, a lawyer will be provided. C) A suspect has the right to remain silent. D) A suspect has the right to consult a lawyer at any time.

A) A suspect cannot consult a lawyer once the questioning begins.

Special Agent Collins is a new agent with the Drug Enforcement Agency. While investigating a multitiered heroin trafficking ring, the agent arrests Todd, a low-level street dealer, based on satisfactory evidence. However, he forgets to read Todd his Miranda rights. While transporting Todd to the detention center, the agent questions him about the drug operation. Which of the following statements is true? A) Any information that Special Agent Collins obtains during the transport to the detention center cannot be used against Todd in court. B) The entire investigation must be terminated. C) The arrest is not valid and Todd must be released from custody. D)All of the answers are correct.

A) Any information that Special Agent Collins obtains during the transport to the detention center cannot be used against Todd in court.

________ is the exception that applies when the link between the unconstitutional acts and the evidence becomes weak due to intervening time or events. A) Attenuation B) Good faith C) Inevitable discovery D) Independent source

A) Attenuation

The ________ Amendment prohibits compelled confessions. A) Fifth B) Fourth C) Third D) Sixth

A) Fifth

________ are not limited by the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution unless they are acting at the request or demand of the government. A) Private security officers B) Federal law enforcement officers C) Local law enforcement officers D) State law enforcement officers

A) Private security officers

Detective Villanueva reads the Miranda rights to the suspect in a rape case, who waives his rights. During the interrogation of the suspect, Detective Villanueva becomes enraged over the horrific details that the suspect provides. The detective hits the suspect to coerce more details of the crime out of him. In this scenario, which amendment has Detective Villanueva violated? A) The Fifth Amendment B) The Third Amendment C) The Fourth Amendment D) The Sixth Amendment

A) The Fifth Amendment

Which of the following statements is FALSE about warrants in the Fourth Amendment? A) The government must obtain a warrant before agents can conduct any reasonable search. B) Like felony arrests, misdemeanor arrests require probable cause. C) To obtain a search warrant, the officer must describe the evidence in a sworn written or oral statement to a judge or magistrate. D) Government agents are not required to obtain a warrant before every search or seizure.

A) The government must obtain a warrant before agents can conduct any reasonable search.

________ allows evidence to be admissible if its discovery was not related to any improper search or seizure. A) The independent source exception B) The good faith exception C) The public safety exception D) The inevitable discovery exception

A) The independent source exception

Who among the following is responsible for issuing an arrest warrant? A) The judge B) The prosecutor C) The detective D) The mayor

A) The judge

Mandatory arrest policies were created to help reduce police discretion in incidents of: A) intimate partner violence. B) speeding. C) terrorism. D) drugs abuse.

A) intimate partner violence.

In order for an act to be a search or seizure, the target of the act must have a(n) ________ expectation of privacy. A) reasonable B) accurate C) total D) substantial

A) reasonable

Statistically, which officer is reported to experience the least amount of stress? A) An officer who identifies as gay or lesbian B) A Black female officer C) A Black male officer D) A White male officer

D) A White male officer

Which of the following would be considered a private place according to the Fourth Amendment standards? A) A sidewalk B) A trash bag in front of a home C) An elevator in an office D) A person's home

D) A person's home

Which of the following factors helps in determining whether the use of force by the police is reasonable in a situation? A) The severity of the crime B) The immediacy of the threat to the safety of officers or others C) The suspect's resistance to arrest or his or her attempt to evade arrest by flight D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is an exception to the search warrant requirement? A) Automobile searches B) Searches incident to an arrest C) Stop-and-frisk ( Terry stop) D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Which race or ethnicity makes up the largest percentage of gang members? A) Black B) Asian C) White D) Latino

D) Latino

A Terry stop is permitted when police have ________ to believe that a person is engaged in criminal activity. A) reasonable suspicion B) probable cause C) proof beyond a reasonable doubt D) All of the answers are correct.

A) reasonable suspicion

Informing suspects of their rights was seen as the only effective way to safeguard their privilege against: A) self-incrimination. B) search and seizure. C) liability. D) police interrogation.

A) self-incrimination

A ________ is a legal document permitting police to conduct a search or seizure or to arrest someone. A) warrant B) doctrine C) writ D) subpoena

A) warrant

Which of the following cases does NOT define the lawful use of force? A)Mappv.Ohio B)Saucierv.Katz C)Grahamv.Connor D)Tennesseev.Garner

A)Mappv.Ohio

In ________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the use of deadly force was not reasonable unless the suspect committed a crime that inflicted serious harm and his or her escape posed a significant risk of further serious harm to persons at large. A)Tennesseev.Garner B)Mappv.Ohio C)Grahamv.Connor D)Saucierv.Katz

A)Tennesseev.Garner

A ________ arrest is the arrest of both parties in a physical altercation instead of identifying and arresting only the primary aggressor. A)dual B)recommended C)mandatory

A)dual

The ________ is when police reasonably believe that the warrant or law authorizing a search or seizure is legitimate, but it later turns out it is not. A)good faith exception B)public safety exception C)inevitable discovery exception D)independent source exception

A)good faith exception

About ________ of police-citizen interactions involve citizen resistance. A) 75 percent B) 14 percent C) 45 percent D) 5 percent

B) 14 percent

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the Sixth Amendment? A) The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is broader and more powerful than the Miranda rights afforded by the Fifth Amendment. B) A defendant who has been charged with a crime and still has a lawyer may still be questioned without the lawyer being present as long as he or she is notified of his or her rights and he or she expressly and voluntarily chooses to waive them. C) A defendant who has a lawyer on one charge may not be interrogated by police about a different crime. D) If statements are obtained in violation of the Sixth Amendment, the exclusionary rule applies.

B) A defendant who has been charged with a crime and still has a lawyer may still be questioned without the lawyer being present as long as he or she is notified of his or her rights and he or she expressly and voluntarily chooses to waive them.

Which of the following statements is true about Miranda rights? A) Police officers must read the Miranda rights to suspects even if they do not plan on interrogating the suspects. B) Approximately 75 percent of suspects waive their Miranda rights. C) Approximately 75 percent of suspects invoke their Miranda rights. D) Police officers must explain the Miranda rights to suspects if they are not in custody.

B) Approximately 75 percent of suspects waive their Miranda rights.

What was the suspect, who was the reason for the search of Dollree Mapp's boarding house, accused of in the case of Mapp v. Ohio? A) Child pornography B) Bombing C) Espionage D) Drug trafficking

B) Bombing

________ is/are the second leading cause of wrongful convictions. A) Prosecutorial misconduct B) False confessions C) Police misconduct D) Eyewitness misidentification

B) False confessions

The ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects residents from "unreasonable searches and seizures." A) Third B) Fourth C) Sixth D) Fifth

B) Fourth

In ________, the Court recognized that on occasion police officers apply force that may eventually be determined unconstitutional yet remains protected by qualified immunity. A) Mapp v. Ohio B) Saucier v. Katz C) Tennessee v. Garner D) Graham v. Connor

B) Saucier v. Katz

Which of the following acts gave the government wide authority to engage in various kinds of electronic surveillance? A) The USA Firearms Act B) The USA PATRIOT Act C) The USA Economic Recovery Act D) The USA Espionage Act

B) The USA PATRIOT Act

The Supreme Court first articulated the exclusionary rule in the ________ case. A) United States v. Leon B) Weeks v. United States C) Terry v. Ohio D) Mapp v. Ohio

B) Weeks v. United States

The exclusionary rule states that: A) all guilty people must be set free if the police have used force against them. B) evidence obtained in violation of an individual's Fourth Amendment rights cannot be used against him or her in a criminal trial. C) the courts must exclude firearms as an evidence for arrest if the same firearms are found in a Terry stop. D) judges must exclude the arrest of a suspect if a warrant was not issued.

B) evidence obtained in violation of an individual's Fourth Amendment rights cannot be used against him or her in a criminal trial.

Detective Smith illegally tapped Johnny's phone and heard Johnny talk about a famous painting that he stole from the Museum of Modern Art. The detective used the information to obtain a warrant to search Johnny's home. In this scenario, the ________ would be the fruit of the poisonous tree. A) phone tap B) search warrant C) stolen painting D) arrest warrant

B) search warrant

The ________ test established by the Supreme Court means that confessions are inadmissible unless made willingly. A) vulnerability B) voluntariness C) standing D) longevity

B) voluntariness

The ________ Amendment states that no person "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." A) Sixth B) Third C) Fifth D) Fourth

C) Fifth

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about police officers and stress? A) Officers report that agency-related matters create the greatest job stress. B) Officers of color tend to experience higher levels of stress than their White colleagues. C) Patrol officers report that they receive a lot of support from their superiors. D) Constitutional and legal limitations imposed on police officers greatly affect officers' stress levels.

C) Patrol officers report that they receive a lot of support from their superiors.

________ is the amount of evidence necessary to obtain a warrant or conduct most searches and seizures. A) Proof beyond a reasonable doubt B) A hunch C) Probable cause D) Reasonable suspicion

C) Probable cause

The ________ Amendment entitles criminal defendants to the help of an attorney at trial. A) Fifth B) Third C) Sixth D) Fourth

C) Sixth

Michelle Jones, a suspect in a murder case, hires an attorney and turns herself over to the police, who formally arrest her. While waiting for her attorney at the police station, the detectives handling the case try to talk to Michelle about the murder. In this case, which amendment is being violated? A) The Eighth Amendment B) The Fourteenth Amendment C) The Sixth Amendment D) The Fourth Amendment

C) The Sixth Amendment

After Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court held that the exclusionary rule applies only to ________. A) deportation proceedings B) civil tax proceedings C) criminal trials D) grand jury hearings

C) criminal trials

Officer Johnson is experiencing high levels of stress as a police officer. The single most important factor to help him deal with his stress is: A) exercising. B) taking prescription medication. C) having a dependable support group. D) maintaining a healthy diet.

C) having a dependable support group.

Michelle Jones, a suspect in a murder case, hires an attorney and turns herself over to the police, who formally arrest her. While waiting for her attorney at the police station, the detectives handling the case try to talk to Michelle about the murder and she confesses the location of the victim's dead body. At the same time that this conversation is taking place, other officers are digging in an open field in search of the victim's body. If the body is found, it will be allowed as evidence in this case because of the exception. A) fruit of the poisonous tree B) independent source C) inevitable discovery D) good faith

C) inevitable discovery

The ________ allows for illegally obtained evidence to be admissible if police officers would have found it anyway had they used proper procedures. A) good faith exception B) fruit of the poisonous tree exception C) inevitable discovery exception D) independent source exception

C) inevitable discovery exception

Police officers tend to dislike ________ calls, in part because they believe such incidents pose the greatest risk to their own safety. A) gang activity B) traffic homicide C) intimate partner D) drug dealing

C) intimate partner

Testimonial evidence include ________. A) fingerprints B) DNA samples C) statements made by a suspect D) phone records

C) statements made by a suspect

Overall, ________ of the people who experienced use of force believed that the force used against them was excessive. A)half B)one-tenth C)three-fourths D)one-fourth

C)three-fourths

Why would the police choose to obtain an arrest warrant? A) The arrest warrant allows them to enter a home to make an arrest. B) The arrest is less likely to be declared invalid later. C) The arrest warrant protects the police because a neutral party has ensured that probable cause exists. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

While interrogating a suspect for murder, the police beat and whipped the suspect in the interview room. This is a violation of the ________ Amendment. A) Sixth B) Fourth C) Third D) Fifth

D) Fifth

Which of the following cases resulted in the extension of the exclusionary rule to the actions of state and local law enforcement officials? A) Miranda v. Arizona B) Weeks v. United States C) Terry v. Ohio D) Mapp v. Ohio

D) Mapp v. Ohio

Which of the following cases required that defendants must be informed of certain rights prior to custodial interrogation? A) Mapp v. Ohio B) Terry v. Ohio C) Weeks v. United States D) Miranda v. Arizona

D) Miranda v. Arizona

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the patterns of gang activity? A) Rural areas lack the necessary population base to sustain gangs. B) Gangs are the primary distributors of illicit drugs throughout the United States. C) Gang membership is more of an urban problem than a rural problem. D) Rural areas have a higher percentage of gang members because youngsters do not have much to do in these communities.

D) Rural areas have a higher percentage of gang members because youngsters do not have much to do in these communities.

Which of the following is true of the use of force? A) The underlying principle of a force continuum is that force should be applied disproportionately and increased or decreased randomly. B) According to the most recent national survey, African Americans were slightly more inclined to consider the use of force excessive. C) According to the most recent national survey, African Americans were less likely than Whites or Hispanics to experience the use of force. D) The probability of using force and the amount of force significantly increase when the suspect is antagonistic.

D) The probability of using force and the amount of force significantly increase when the suspect is antagonistic.

The police are looking for Trevor Brown, a suspect in a murder. Detective Lewis obtains Trevor's cell phone number from an informant and calls him. When Trevor receives the call, the detective immediately begins asking questions about the evening of the murder. Detective Lewis does not have to read Trevor his Miranda rights because: A) detective Lewis was not asking about the murder, just about the evening of the murder. B) Trevor is wealthy and does not need an attorney provided to him by the state. C) reading Miranda rights is not required in murder cases. D) Trevor Brown is not in Detective Lewis's custody.

D) Trevor Brown is not in Detective Lewis's custody.

During a Terry stop, a police officer is allowed to do all of the following EXCEPT: A) question an individual about his or her activities. B) pat an individual down for weapons. C) briefly detain an individual. D) arrest an individual.

D) arrest an individual.

The ________ exception allows police to interrogate suspects without first warning them of their rights if there is a significant threat to innocent bystanders. A) qualified immunity B) good faith C) fruit of the poisonous snake D) public safety

D) public safety

Bob was a suspect in the kidnapping of an 11-year-old girl. Officer Adams noticed Bob leaving a grocery store and followed him. This led to a high-speed pursuit down several congested city streets. As a result of the pursuit, Officer Adams and Bob both hit several moving and stopped vehicles. Officer Adams and his police department will most likely not be held financially responsible for any harm caused because of: A) qualified liability. B) qualified vulnerability. C) limited liability. D) qualified immunity.

D) qualified immunity.

Detective Smith illegally tapped Johnny's phone and heard Johnny talk about a famous painting that he stole from the Museum of Modern Art. The detective used the information to obtain a warrant to search Johnny's home. In this scenario, the ________ would be suppressed as evidence under the exclusionary rule. A)phone tapping B)arrest warrant C)search warrant D)phone tapping and stolen painting

D)phone tapping and stolen painting