Crm 411 Final Exam
Each of the following are items which are weighted on the Bail Case Date Record except?
Length and time in CT
What Bail project was the first of its kind in the Country to assist Judges with Bail decisions?
Manhattan Bail Project (1980)
Which entry point into community corrections in Connecticut occurs after serving a period of incarceration while still under the authority of DOC
Parole
According to the state statute, which of the following criteria is considered when establishing bond?
Prior Criminal History
What type of bond must a defendant post if they are going to be released thru the services of professional bonds person?
Surety Bond
Each of the following bonds can be set by CSSD bail staff in a police department except?
10% cash Bond
There are approximately how many individuals locked up in the state of CT?
15,000
The first probation law was passed in?
1878
Pretrial defendants account for what percentage of the Connecticut Department of Correction prison population?
22%
Approximately how many adults are under adult probation supervision in the State of Connecticut
40,000
Each of the following are criteria used in CT's Bail system to determine risk of appearance and public safety except?
Age of Defendant
Which of the following is the judicial Branch's Court Support Services Division's largest contracted service provider, supervising approximately 2,500 clients each day?
Alternative in the Community Contracts
AIC is short for?
Alternatives in the Community
The first Court appearance where probable cause is found and bail is established is the?
Arraignment
Which of the following is a primary purpose of community corrections?
Assisting probationers in becoming reintegrated into their communities
Which of the following determines what a person's bond is subsequent to their arrest prior to their arraignment?
Bail Commissioner
What is the document that is produced by the probation officer in conjunction with the probationer that identifies goals and objectives while on probation?
Case Plan
Which of the following programs is considered to be the most effective in bringing about change in offenders behavior?
Cognitive-behavioral programming
Different types of pardons
Conditional Provisional - certificate of employability Obsolute - full expunge Expedited pardons
Which of the following is not one of the 10 subscales on the LSI-R
Defensiveness Scale
Which of the following is not part of the Community Corrections system in CT
Department of Social Services
From 1970's through the 1990s what was the primary sentencing structure used throughout the United States?
Determinate
Which of the following is a common condition of pre-trial release ordered by a Judge?
Electronic Monitoring Curfew Report to an Alternative in the Community Center Substance Testing
Which of the following is a function of community-based corrections?
Ensuring public safety Networking with community-based corrections agencies Employment Assistance
A community corrections act typically does what?
Establish community agencies and programs
When suspending the ___________ of a sentence, the offender is placed on probation and the conviction remains on the record
Execution
Which branch of government has the power to appoint and dismiss top officials of criminal justice agencies?
Executive
A defendant's employment status is the most predictive factor with respect to their appearance in Court.
FALSE
A person placed under adult probation supervision is not allowed to move to another state until their probation supervision ends
FALSE
A pre-dispositional study is a detailed report which assists the Judge in determining an appropriate sentence
FALSE
An indeterminate sentence is the imposition of a sentence with a fixed term
FALSE
Judges can only consider aggravating factors when deviating from a presumptive guideline sentencing system
FALSE
Judges play the most significant role in sentencing/adjudication process?
FALSE
Parole officers play a significant role in the sentencing process by providing a Judge with a detailed report about the offender
FALSE
Parole supervision originated in the US and was first implemented by the Federal Department of Correction
FALSE
Sentencing guidelines provide Judges with complete discretion during the sentencing process
FALSE
The "Risk Principle" recommends that officers target interventions to low risk offenders to address the areas which lead the offenders to commit crime
FALSE
The most common form of community corrections supervision is parole?
FALSE
The single most predictive factor relating to an individual's appearance in Court is their employment status
FALSE
Which Bail Reform Act established guidelines for bail amounts and alternatives to detention?
Federal Bail Reform Act of 1966
Which Federal Bail Reform act created a presumption in favor of releasing defendants on their personal recognizance
Federal Bail Reform Act of 1966
Which of the following was present in the early U.S legal system to humanize harsh criminal procedure?
Filing Motion to Quash Sureties
Which State of Connecticut Correctional Facility concentrates its efforts on individuals with psychiatric disabilities?
Garner Correctional
Each of the following are key roles of any pretrial service agency except?
Gathering evidence for the prosecution
What was the primary correctional ideology throughout the 1970s thru the 1990s
Get Tough
Each of the following were primary objectives of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 except?
Incapacitate Offenders
Which of the following was the dominant sentencing philosophy from the 1930's-1970's
Indeterminate Sentencing
Board of Pardons & Parole
Indeterminate sentencing. Parole had roots in CT in 1903 1957 - first & 3 person parole board 1968 - unified correctional system & single member parole board Pardons existed since 1857 Parole * Pardons separate until 2004 1968-1981 - had discretion over all release of individuals w/ indeterminate sentencing Supervised home release replaced parole
The program operated by CSSD which interviews defendants held on bond, in DOC facilities, to formulate a pre-trial release recommendation is the:
Jail Re-interview program
Who is credited to being the "father of probation" in the U.S
John Augustus
The practice of suspending sentences in the Federal Courts ended due to which case/decision?
Killits
From the 1970's thru the 1990's which of the following was the predominant probation supervision methodology?
Law enforcer
Which branch of government is responsible for making laws?
Legislative
The first probation law was passed in?
Massachusetts 1878
Who was given credit as being "co-founder" of probation for laying the foundation in England?
Matthew Davenport
What factors allow judges to deviate from sentencing guidelines and sentence an offender to less time than what is recommended in the guideline?
Mitigating Factors
The first pre-trial services program to assist the court in determining bond was implemented in?
New York
In the 1980's Pre-sentence Investigation Reports were changed to focus on which of the following?
Offenses
A bond can be set at which of the following points in the criminal justice system?
Police Department Bond Modification Hearing Arraignment
What is the most commonly used form of community corrections in the Country?
Probation
PTA is short for?
Promise to appear
Each of the following is a section of a pre-sentence investigation report except?
Prosecutor's recommendation
Which bond type can only be ordered by a Judge of the Superior Court?
Real Estate Bond
The primary goal and function of community corrections is to reduce
Recidivism
Effectiveness of community-based corrections can be measured by?
Reduction future criminality/recidivism Amount of restitution collected Reduction in prison over-crowding
As a result of Martinson's "nothing works" conclusion, which criminal justice model emerged throughout the United States
Retributive
All of the above are target populations for diversion programs except?
Sex Offenders
Conditions of probation ordered by a Judge at sentencing are what type of conditions?
Special Conditions
What is it called when a person receives a period of incarceration followed by a period of probation?
Split Sentence
When a police department does not agree with a bond set by a bail commissioner during non-court hours the PD would contact whom?
States Attorney/Prosecutor
Each of the following are CT Adult Probation classification levels except
Surveillance
A surety bond requires a person to post a certain amount of money, commonly thru a bondsmen to be released from incarceration
TRUE
Bail Commissioners must consider the least restrictive conditions of release when determining bond?
TRUE
CT's probation system utilizes a third generation risk assessment tool
TRUE
Community-based corrections provides a means for offenders to repay their victims and address certain criminogenic need areas while under some form of supervision.
TRUE
Discretionary release is when an offender enters the community when members of a parole board decide they have earned the privilege of release?
TRUE
Diversion Programs are intended to provide individuals involved in the criminal justice system with a way to address their arrests without the disposition of the case resulting in conviction.
TRUE
If a person scores a 0 on the weighted release criteria Bail staff are guided to recommend a non-financial bond
TRUE
Medicaid is the only federal/state expenditure that has outpaced correctional budgets in the past 50 years
TRUE
National Probation trends indicate that the number of probationers successfully completing probation is continuously decreasing
TRUE
The American Probation and Parole Association suggest that community corrections systems should base their work unit projections on 120 hours of work per month
TRUE
The Connecticut Department of Correction deploys a unified detainment system for both the pre-trial and sentenced populations.
TRUE
The main objective of all community corrections systems is to protect the public
TRUE
The right to Bail is one of the founding principles of the criminal justice system?
TRUE
There are approximately 7,000,000 people involved in the correctional system in the U.S
TRUE
If an offender violates a condition of their probation, the violation is known as?
Technical Violation
LSI-R
The Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) is a validated risk/need assessment tool which identifies problem areas in an offender's life and predicts his/her risk of recidivism. It is a 54-item instrument which assesses offenders across 10 domains known to be related to an offender's likelihood of returning to prison. Addressing need areas through prison rehabilitative interventions can ultimately reduce an offender's probability of re-incarceration. LSI-R's are completed by trained assessors who conduct interviews with offenders and verify the information through external sources, when possible. The 10 LSI-R domains include: Criminal History, Education/Employment, Financial, Family/Marital, Accommodation, Leisure/Recreation, Companions, Alcohol/Drug Problem, Emotional/Personal and Attitudes/Orientation. Appropriate case planning, effective case management and rehabilitation begin with an accurate and valid assessment of the individual.
What is the primary purpose of establishing bond subsequent to an arrest?
To ensure defendant's appearance
In accordance with the Connecticut General Statutes, the Judicial Branch's Court Support Services Division must use a __________ to determine an appropriate bond amount.
Uniform Weighted Release Criteria.
Which of the following represents the most common offense for the DOC sentenced population?
Violation of Probation
Which court decision found that a referral to AA as a condition of community supervision was unconstitutional?
Warner v Orange County
What is the document called that a CT probation officer has their client complete during the first supervision office visit to engage the client in the supervision process?
What I Want To Work On Questionnaire
Determinate Sentencing is
a fixed term of incarceration that must be served in full, less and good time earned while in prison
Community Correction
are any sanctions in which offenders serve a portion of their entire sentence in the community
Dynamic/Static
are the factors which are included in the 3rd generation assessment tools that measure a probationers behavior change
Sentencing Commission
exists in about half the states and federal government to monitor the use of presumptive sentencing guidelines
ABH is short for?
Adult Behavioral Health
Which of the following correctional systems currently supervises the most individuals?
Probation
4 main factors in term of criminal behavior
What you've done How you think Who you hang with
