CS 201 Exam 1

8 bits

1 byte

differences between RAM and disks

1. disk space is cheaper 2. accessing information on RAM is faster 3. RAM is accessable only when the computer is on 4. RAM is volatile, disks are non-volatile

Bourne Again SHell

BASH

folder

a file that contains info about where folders and files are located

copyright

a form of intellectual property protection that protects the expression of the original works

patents

a form of intellectual property protection that protects the ideas of inventions

disks

a place to store information when the computer is turned off

logical construction

a processor (CPU), primary memory (RAM), secondary storage (a disk)

virtual machine

a program that simulates a computer

application

all programs and software systems that do some tasks

man (command)

allows you to look up command

intellectual property

an intangible work or invention resulting from creativity

system calls

an operating system provides an interface between the hardware and other software

date

application example

central processing unit (CPU)

arithmetic, moves data, controls the operation

giga

billion, 2^30

guest OS

centOS7

CAPTCHA

completely automatic public turing test to tell computers and human apart

program

concrete statements of every step that a real computer must perform to accomplish a task

trade secret

confidential business information used by a company in producing its products

touch

creates empty file

ln -s (file) sym(file)

creates symbolic file

pipelining

design where the fetch & execute are overlapped to that there are several instructions in various stages of completion

printer, flashdrive, keyboard

device driver examples

larger but slower

difference between L1, L2, and L3

applications do tasks

difference between applications and operating systems

patent protects ideas

difference between patent and licenses

digital data

discrete values (speedometer, watch)

GB and TB

disk capacity

linux, freeBSD

examples of open source

textbooks, twitter

examples of things with licenses

???.txt ../..

finds file with three letters before txt to the two parent files above it

software

general term for sequences of instructions that make a computer do something useful

cache

high speed memory that holds recently used data and instructions

cd > pwd

home directory

loads blocks of consecutive RAM location

how does chaching work

software, literary works

intellectual property examples

unit used to measure CPU speed

internal clock

licenses

legal agreements granting permission and restricting the use of products

-f

listing free storage

hardware view point 1

logical or functional organization

man

manual

mega

million, 2^20

input devices

mouse, keyboard

mv

move

mv (file) /(location)

move specific file to a specific directory

parallel

multiple instructions running at the same time

moore's law

not a law of nature, observation that the number of transistors in integrated circuit or computing speed doubles approximately every two years

hardlinks

number before the file

dropbox, sewing machine

patent examples

hardware view point 2

physical structure

output devices

printer, monitor

device driver

program that acts like a bridge between the operating system and the specific hardware

standard

provides requirements, specifications, or guidelines that can be used to make sure that materials, products, or services can work cooperatively

peta

quadrillion, 2^50

exa

quintillion, 2^60

-r

recursively

rm

remove

rmdir

remove empty directories

rm (file)

remove specific files(s)

rm -r

removes everything in directories

rm -r

removes everything in directories recursively

create

request is made to the file system

open

search for file in sequence of directories as given by components of its name

remove

sets the directory to the recycle bin

-h

shows current amount of free disk space

magnetic

simplifies bookkeeping by not storing bytes of different files on the same block

analog data

smoothly or continuously varying values (volume, dimmer)

operating system

software that controls and allocates computer's resources

open source

source code that is feely available for usage and/or modification

ASCII, programming languages

standards examples

magnetic disks

store information by setting the direction of magnetization of tiny regions

-s

symbolically

storing/retrieving data, displaying

system call examples

turing test

test of a machines ability to exhibit intelligent behavior to that of a human

kernel mode

the code being executed can access any memory address and any hardware resource

RAM

the primary storage or random access memory store information that is in active use

user mode

the programs dont have direct access to memory and hardware

hardware

the solid, visible part of computing devices

data conversion

the ultimate copy is not as good as the original

novels, software, movies

things you can copyright

kilo

thousand, 2^10

source code, formulae

trade secret examples

tera

trillion, 2^40

1. does the work 2. controls the rest

two main things the CPU does

data, construction

two things RAM stores

BASH

type of shell we use in class

solid state disks

use flash memory, stores information as electric charges

VirtualBox, Xen

virtualOS examples

logical structure

what the pieces are, what they do and how they are connected

physical structure

what the pieces look like and how they are built

virtualBox

what virtualOS do we use in class

information on disk stays there indefinitely with or without power

why do we call disks non-volatile

it is limited

why do we measure RAM capacity

it forgets everything when the power is off

why do we say is RAM volatile

host OS

windows 7