CS: Chapter 1&2

ENIAC

electronic numerical integrator and calculator

apple invented the mouse, and the Macintosh first introduced the mouse technology to the public

false

following the introduction of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows, the touch metaphor became the universal way most people thought of using a computer

false

mobile devices have abandoned the desktop metaphor in favor of the contact metaphor

false

nearly every computation task has only a single way of being solved

false

perfect reproduction is a property of analog information

false

relying on 0s and 1s in representing digital information results in a great disadvantage in creating reproductions

false

something can't be considered a computer unless it has a keyboard attached to it

false

when the completion time of a computer operation can be predicted, applications typically show an hourglass icon

false

the physical components of a computer, the processor, memory, disk drives, etc. is called the _________

hardware

HCI

human computer interface

IC

integrated circuit

A(n)________is an icon or image or a concept used as a representative of or symbolic of a computation.

metaphor

Using ROY G BIV to remember, in order, the colors of the rainbow as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet is an example of a...

mnemonic

Using what technology do chip makers "print" wires and all other components onto the chip?

photolithography

RISC

reduced instruction set computer

Three Bell scientists, Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley, received the Nobel Prize in 1956 for their invention of:

semiconductor transistor

A familiar example of the touch metaphor is:

the Cover Flow mechanism

The _______ metaphor imagines moving information by pushing it with a finger

touch

ARM, which stands for Advanced RISC Machine, is a standard processor that is often used as a component of consumer devices

true

a way in which developers who create technologies minimize learning time is by creating controls that match our expectations, such as with sliders and dials

true

an integrated circuit contains transistors (among other things)

true

feedback is an indication that either the computer is still working or it is done

true

in computing, data is represented with numbers, whether stored in memory, on the hard disk, or in the cloud, or anywhere else

true

in software, the agent is anything that can follow instruction

true

software is a collective term for programs, the instructions computers perform to implement applications

true

the Alto personal computer, created by Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), was the first computer with a Graphical User Interface (GUI)

true

the primary reason for consistency across computer applications is that certain operations are fundamental to processing information no matter what the application

true

when we install a new app, we should immediately and intuitively perform two important activities: "clicking around" and "blazing away"

true

In the first computer, both memory and processor, were built out of...

vacuum tubes

In what year did the field of Computer Science start (think Alan Turing)?

1936

Exiting and relaunching an application after making a mistake is called: A) getting out and getting back in B) shutdown C) fatal abort D) system interrupt

A

In the 50s and 60s, before integrated circuits, memory was made... A) by stringing tiny magnetic cores onto a grid of wire threads B) by creating a standing wave on a tightened electrical wire C)by a process of printing bits, something like film photography D) using single transistors

A

The forerunner of today's Internet was the ______ which sent its first packet in 1969

ARPANET

The touch metaphor is truly a new metaphor because it: A) replaces the mouse with a touch-sensitive screen B) represents the screen differently with content pushed around C) enabled simple navigation techniques D) all of the above

B

The mouse was invented by: A) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak at Apple B) Bill Gates at Microsoft C) Douglas Engelbart and others at Stanford Research Institute D) all of the above

C

When an integrated circuit is manufactured... A) many small parts are assembled together by firing them onto silicon chip B) the parts are created consecutively by type, first the operational units, then connections, then the rest C) a complicated circuit is created as a unit, with all parts created together D) the circuit is cut into a silicon chip by a microscopic drill bit

C

Various programs running on the same computer have consistent commands and interface behavior... A) because software companies tend to reuse the code B) because of the limited number of functions a PC can perform C) so what so what you learn about one application can be reused in another D) Both A and C

D

What is an advantage of transistors over vacuum tubes? A) lower power B) more reliable C) smaller D) all of the above

D

the first production application of digital information was... A) the use of vacuum tubes for calculations needed by the US army B) the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs C) the ENIAC computer D) punched card tabulation for the 1890 US census

D

Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing

HTTP and HTML

The person(s) credited with inventing the first production application of digital information is...

Herman Hollerith

A precise, systematic method for producing a specified result is a(n)...

algorithm

A structure without any properties or content is

an instance

______ information comes from or is stored on a continuously variable medium

analog

Another term to start a computer is to ____ the computer

boot

In the processor, there is a small amount of memory called______

cache

CPU

central processing unit

Which GUI metaphor features file cabinets and wastebaskets as typical components?

desktop metaphor