CTVA 100 Midterm Review

The critical process allows a(n) _____ view on media. a. informed b. cynical c. biased d. imaginative e. consumerist

a. informed p29

Kickstarter is an example of a _____. a. blog b. collaborative project site c. social networking site d. virtual game world e. virtualsocialworld

b. collaborative project sites p53

What invention led to the production of the first personal computers? a. HTML b. e-mail c. microprocessor d. fiber-optic cable e. packet switching

c. microprocessor

Which of the following has the potential to replace telephones? a. Spotify b. Hulu c. Roku d. Skype e. Netflix

d. Skype p58

What occurs when consumers record a television program on a VCR or DVR and then watch it later at their convenience? a. fringe time b. fin-syn c. narrowcasting d. syndication e. time shifting

e. time shifting p185

Software packages that allow users to navigate the Web are called _____. a. None of the options are correct. b. e-mail c. search engines d. ISPs e. Web browsers

e. web browsers p49

How have Internet sites and services found out information about you for targeted advertising purposes? a. gleaning information from your search terms b. All of the options are correct. c. scanning your e-mail messages d. gathering your location and purchasing habits through your mobile device e. using information you post on your social network profile

b. All of the options are correct. p55-58

Why were there a limited number of TV stations in a city or market in the early days of television? a. The bidding for channels got so ridiculously expensive, only the wealthiest people could afford to buy and run a television channel. b. Airwave spectrum frequencies interfered with each other, so a city or market could only support a certain number of stations. c. The FCC passed regulations restricting the number of TV stations allowed per city or market. d. Not that many people watched television, so there was no need for a lot of stations in a city or market. e. None of the options are correct.

b. airway spectrum frequencies interfered with each other, so a city or market could only support a certain number of stations p177

. The very first movie theaters were known as _____. a. drive-ins b. movie parlors c. nickelodeons d. arcades e. salons

c. nickelodeon p220

How audiences understand and decode media depends on their _____. a. educational level b. race c. gender d. All of the options are correct. e. occupation

d. All of the options are correct. p8

A television rating is _____. a. the percentage of advertising minutes b. the percentage of TVs turned on c. None of the options are correct. d. the percentage of all TV households watching a show e. the number of "thumbs up" a program gets from critics

d. the percentage of all TV households watching a show p203

What is the name of Apple's storage and syncing service that will enable users to access media content anywhere (with a wireless connection) on its mobile devices? a. Android b. iCloud c. iTunes d. Froogle e. Bing

iCloud p54

Which of the following statements about network affiliates is true? a. A network's affiliates can substitute a network's program if they choose. b. None of a network's affiliates are owned by the network itself. c. All of a network's affiliates are owned by the network itself. d. A network's affiliates pay the network for the privilege of carrying its programming. e. A network's affiliates have to broadcast the network's entire lineup.

a. A network's affiliates can substitute a network's program if they choose. p196

The transistor revolutionized radio's _____. a. All of the options are correct. b. mobility c. size d. cost e. use by listeners

a. All of the options are correct. p154

Smartphones are designed to be used for voice calls and _____. a. All of the options are correct. b. listening to music c. playing games d. texting e. watching movies

a. All of the options are correct. p58

The open Internet is best represented by _____. a. Google b. Microsoft c. YouTube d. Facebook e. Apple

a. Google p50

The term ______ refers to the phase in a medium's evolution in which older media are reconfigured in carious forms on newer media. a. media convergence b. media accommodation c. digitalcopying d. electronic sharing e. digital processing

a. Media convergence p10

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 resulted in which of the following? a. Telephone and cable companies were allowed to enter each other's markets. b. Must-carry rules were reversed. c. Cable operators were allowed to set the franchise fee. d. Phone companies were forbidden from offering cable or Internet service. e. All of the options are correct.

a. Telephone and cable companies were allowed to enter each other's markets. p196

Which statement best describes the relationship between government and the early radio industry? a. The relationship cycled between the government sanctioning and then breaking up monopolies. b. The government decided that private business would operate radio stations while they would own patents for the technology. c. The radio industry was resentful that the government stepped in and licensed radiostations. d. The government decided to run all radio broadcasts. e. The radio industry convinced the government that no regulatory oversight was needed.

a. The relationship cycled between the government sanctioning and then breaking up monopolies. p149

What measures did cable channels take when people in small rural communities began installing their own receiving dishes and downlinking channels for free? a. They scrambled their signals. b. They increased their prices to make up for the losses from people downlinking for free. c. They made sure that no satellite dishes could be bought within 100 miles of these communities. d. They sued the people who were downlinking signals for free and won. e. They stopped making their channels available for DBS companies, so their signals could only be transmitted through wires.

a. They scrambled their signals. p184

Originally, Thomas Edison patented his phonograph as a type of_____. a. answering machine b. telephone c. record player d. fax machine e. telegraph

a. answering machine p108

The idea that popular culture makes audiences lose their ability to appreciate "finer" fare is known as the _____ theory. a. Big Mac b. Least Objectionable Programming c. PopCulture d. Least Common Denominator e. Royale with Cheese

a. big Mac p22

The producer's duties include _____. a. booking the studio space b. choosing the recording devices c. signing the talent to a recording contract d. mixing the master tape e. arranging the recording equipment

a. booking the studio space p127

A hybrid drama mixes _____. a. comic situations and grim plots b. actors and nonactors c. romance and comedy d. grim plots and musical numbers e. scripted situations and unscripted situations

a. comic situations and grim plots p189

60. Which statement best describes the role of the independent record labels (indies)? a. Downloads and streaming have caused the market share of indies to double in size. b. The relationship between corporate giants and indie labels is always antagonistic. c. None of the options are correct. d. Unlike the major labels, indies today are inaccessible to general audiences. e. Independent labels are known for mostly signing well-established acts and artists.

a. downloads and streaming have caused the market share of Indies to double in size. p127

Which was NOT a contribution of the telegraph? a. It was the first mass media form. b. It separated communication and transportation. c. It made messages instantaneous. d. It led to future technological developments. e. It helped make information a commodity.

a. it was the first mass media form p8

Our varied media institutions and outlets are basically in the _____, or storytelling, business. a. narrative b. informative c. argumentative d. persuasive e. reactive

a. narrative p13

Social media helped call attention to the _____ in 2011 and 2012. a. Occupy Wall Street movement b. Monica Lewinsky scandal c. Iran Contra hearings d. Tiananmen Square protest e. Reformation

a. occupy Wall Street movement p48

Which of the following musical genres was the first to overtly confuse issues of sexual identity and orientation? a. rock and roll b. disco c. hip-hop d. jazz swing bands e. the waltz

a. rock and roll p115

A show that focuses on wacky incidents is called a _____ comedy. a. situation b. domestic c. chance d. dramatic e. sketch

a. situation p188

What do the symphony, art museums, and classic literature have in common? a. They are examples of "high" culture. b. They contain only simple themes and narratives. c. They are examples of "low" culture. d. They appeal only to the uneducated. e. They affect audiences' beliefs directly.

a. they are examples of "high" culture p15

which of the following is a value of a modern society? a. working efficiently b. embracing tradition c. celebrating the group d. revering nostalgia e. defying rational order

a. working efficiently p24

The news/talk/information radio format appeals to advertisers looking to target _____. a. working- and middle-class audiences b. listeners between eighteen and twenty-four years old c. listeners over sixty years old d. elite and wealthy audiences e. African American audiences

a. working-and middle-class audiences p157

The first televised news program aired on _____. a. ABC b. NBC c. CBS d. UHF e. Fox

b. NBC p191

U.S. Government surveillance of online communication is sanctioned through the _____. a. digital divide b. USA PATRIOT Act c. Children's Internet Protection Act d. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) e. great firewall of China

b. USA PATRIOT Act p60

A few hundred small U.S. cities have challenged giant cable companies by _____. a. asking them to pack up their wires and leave town b. creating competing municipally owned and operated cable services c. increasing the financial incentives the city gets from the cable company d. forbidding any cable companies from doing business in their community e. None of the options are correct.

b. creating competing municipally owned and operated cable services p208

What term describes a business model that involves consolidating various media holdings under one corporate umbrella? a. redundant technology b. cross platform c. mass marketing d. hostile takeover e. narrowcasting

b. cross platform p11

Developing an informed critical perspective and becoming media literate allows us to participate in a debate about media culture as a force for _____ and consumerism. a. plutocracy b. democracy c. monarchy d. oligarchy e. theocracy

b. democracy p30

Which of the following occurs only occasionally as part of the linear model of mass communication? a. sender b. feedback c. mass media channel d. message e. receiver

b. feedback p8

High culture is most often associated with _____. a. professional wrestling, animated television programs, and rock-and-roll music b. fine art, wealthy donors, and educated audiences c. reality television, "pop" music, and graffiti d. video games and satirical news programs e. All of the options are correct.

b. fine art, wealthy donors, and educated audiences p15

Mobile devices like smartphones, iPods, and iPads are also known as _____. a. access channels b. fourth-screen technologies c. Portable Viewing and Access Screens (PVAS) d. third-screen technologies e. Blu-ray players

b. fourth-screen technologies p185

What statement about instant messaging is true? a. Office workers were the first to gravitate to instant messaging. b. Instant messaging is the easiest way to communicate over the Internet in real time. c. Instant messaging is only available on traditional laptop and desktop computers. d. Major services limit instant messaging to text messages. e. Instant messaging is often more costly than text messaging on a smartphone.

b. instant messaging is the easiest way to communicate over the internet in real time p43

Deejays that sample other artists' music to create something new is an example of which postmodern value? a. doubting scientific reasoning b. recycling and diversifying culture c. acknowledging paradox d. celebrating populism e. None of the options are correct.

b. recycling and diversifying culture p25

What is an example of a cultural change resulting from media convergence? a. We are increasingly making media choices based on advertisements. b. We now consume media content at our own convenience. c. We are consuming media less frequently than ever before. d. We are increasingly consuming information in different forms of media. e. We are moving away from media multitasking.

b. we now consume media content at our own convenience p12

Guglielmo Marconi developed _____. a. electromagnetic waves b. wireless telegraphy c. vacuum tubes d. FM radio e. alternating current generators

b. wireless telegraphy p142-143

Tumblr, WordPress, Weebly, and Wix are platforms for which type of social media? a. collaborative projects b. virtual social worlds c. virtual game worlds d. blogs e. social networking sites

blogs p44

Which of the following statements is/are true of social media sites? a. They allow you to create your own content. b. Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ are all examples of social media sites. c. All of the options are correct. d. MySpace was the first big social media site. e. They allow you to interact and keep up with friends.

c. All of the options are correct. p43-48

What is an example of an action that pushed the boundaries of popular music? a. blunt lyrics performed by rock and roll artists b. blunt lyrics performed by rap artists c. All of the options are correct. d. the independent path of modern cult bands e. the independent path of early garage bands

c. All of the options are correct. p134

Single sponsorship of television shows was eliminated by _____. a. discouraging advertisers from sponsoring programs b. a longer program length c. All of the options are correct. d. the quiz-show scandals e. substantially raising costs for advertisers

c. All of the options are correct. p178-180

What was necessary for books to become a mass-marketed product? a. machines replacing hand copying b. a more affordable end product c. All of the options are correct. d. rapid duplication e. the difficulty for a single business or political leader to control printing technology

c. All of the options are correct. p6-7

The first small television cable systems were known as _____. a. superstations b. TV uplinks c. CATV d. DBS systems e. affiliate stations

c. CATV p180

_____ offer(s) Internet connections to home users. a. Web browsers b. Search engines c. ISPs d. None of the options are correct. e. The World Wide Web

c. ISPs p42

Why might producing a reality television show be more appealing to a network than producing a scripted drama? a. There are more possible storylines for reality programming than there are for scripted dramas. b. Reality show casts are more fun to hang out with than dramatic actors. c. Reality programming, with its cheap sets and nonactors, is cheaper to produce than a scripted drama. d. Reality programming is more prestigious and tends to win more awards than scripted dramas. e. All of the options are correct.

c. Reality programming, with its cheap sets and nonactors, is cheaper to produce than a scripted drama. p192

The recording industry and radio competed with each other for business until _____. a. the jukebox was invented b. ASCAP was formed c. the1950s d. radio stations began airing music e. the1930s

c. The 1950s p112

Which of the following is a value of postmodern society? a. None of the options are correct. b. accepting scientific reasoning c. acknowledging paradox d. breaking with tradition e. working efficiently

c. acknowledging paradox p25

The interpretation stage involves __________. a. None of the options are correct. b. taking notes on your research c. asking the "So what?" question about your findings d. writing a letter to your congressman e. discovering significant patterns in your research

c. asking the "So what?" question about your findings. p28

Which of the following is a value of a modern society? a. defying rational order b. high culture c. celebrating the individual d. working inefficiently e. rejecting progress

c. celebrating the individual p24

Flickr, Photobucket, YouTube, and Vimeo are examples of _____. a. collaborative projects b. blogs c. contentcommunities d. virtual game worlds e. virtual social worlds

c. content communities p45

Which of the following is an era of mass communication? a. narrative b. industrial c. digital d. media e. manuscript

c. digital p8

The three basic divisions within the film industry are production, distribution, and _____. a. marketing b. sales c. exhibition d. promotion e. presentation

c. exhibition p221

The practice of loaning out movies for a share in box-office revenue is known as _____. a. bartering b. a loan agreement c. film exchange d. block booking e. production

c. film exchange p222

Which is NOT a step of the critical process? a. interpretation b. description c. gatekeeping d. analysis e. evaluation

c. gatekeeping p27

Since the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the most important factor determining how many radio stations a company can own in a single market is _____. a. the number of different markets the company operates in b. None of the options are correct. c. how many other stations it owns in the same market d. the amount of stations it owns across the country e. ensuring the company doesn't own any other kind of media holding

c. how many other stations it owns in the same market. p166

What are two factors contributing to the digital divide? a. education and health b. gender and age c. income and education d. None of the options are correct. e. income and health

c. income and education p69

_____ policies are favored by data-mining companies. a. Access b. Wi-Fi c. Opt-out d. Opt-in e. Pay for play

c. opt-out p68

Which of the following is the correct order for the linear model of mass communication? a. sender, receiver, message, mass media channel b. sender, mass media channel, receiver, feedback c. sender, message, mass media channel, receiver d. sender, mass media channel, message, receiver

c. sender, message, mass media channel, receiver p8

Most research on mass communication has found that _____. a. eliminating controversial content from the media would constitute dangerous censorship b. the media are a major cause of our social problems c. the media are rarely the direct cause of our social problems d. mass media industries earn too much money e. we should eliminate controversial content from the media

c. the media are rarely the direct cause of our social problems p15

Which of the following was NOT a type of programming during the golden age of radio? a. situation comedy b. quiz shows c. Top 40 d. variety shows e. soap opera

c. top 40 p151-153

An example of using a "third screen" would be _____. a. watching a cable network program on your television b. watching a television episode you have downloaded to your smartphone c. watching a recent television episode on your computer d. enjoying a movie in a movie theater e. All of the options are correct.

c. watching a recent television episode on your computer p185

Which of the following applies to cover music in the 1950s? a. Black artists frequently covered white artists' music. b. Songwriters were fairly compensated for their work. c. White artists often had greater success with cover songs than the original black songwriters. d. Black artists were often shown on successful album covers. e. All of the options are correct.

c. white artist often had greater success with cover songs than the original black songwriters p117

Which of the following is a characteristic of an indie film? a. typically shown in campus auditoriums and film festivals b. relies on local non-studio settings c. uses crews made up of friends and students d. All of the options are correct. e. made on a shoe string budget

d. All of the options are correct. p230

In 1999, cable penetration hit 70 percent. Why has cable penetration dropped in recent years? a. Broadcast networks have stolen back some of cable's audience by offering better programming for niche audiences. b. Viewers are growing tired of the poor reality programming on cable channels. c. None of the options are correct. d. Better online services and DBS services are capturing a portion of cable's business. e. Viewers are simply watching less television, preferring to go to the movies or read a book instead.

d. Better online services and DBS services are capturing a portion of cable's business. p184

Which of the following statements about early radio programming is NOT true? a. All of the statements are true. b. Most shows had a single sponsor that created and produced the show. c. Studio-audience quiz shows like Professor Quiz emerged in the 1930s. d. Soap operas were the only profitable programming in radio's early days. e. Much of early radio programming was later adopted by television.

d. Soap operas were the only profitable;e programming in radio's early days p151-152

what were the first mass-marketed products in history? a. newspapers b. pamphlets c. magazines d. books c. magazines d. books e. illuminated manuscripts

d. books p7

Since the 1930s, the period of heaviest radio listening has shifted to _____. a. prime time b. late night c. mornings d. drive time e. weekends

d. drive time p157

An essential innovation during the developmental stage of the Internet was _____. a. online video services b. podcasting c. convergence d. e-mail e. wikiWebsites

d. e-mail p48

What genre of music seeks to tell the truth about gang violence in American culture? a. poetry slam b. deejay c. house music d. gangster rap e. mainstream pop

d. gangster rap p125

FM radio _____. a. was developed by Guglielmo Marconi b. had a scratchier sound that was okay for talk radio, but not for music c. was able to carry signals farther than AM radio d. had a somewhat shorter range than AM radio, but better sound quality e. was widely adopted in the 1950s, when radio started playing more music

d. had somewhat shorter range than AM radio, but better sound quality p155

Which of the following is true of digital recording? a. It was first developed by German scientists during the 1940s. b. It only works by storing information on magnetic tape. c. Itwasdevelopedinthe1910s. d. It translates sound waves into binary on-off pulses. e. It refers to using your computer to record music.

d. it translates sound aces into binary on-off pulses p110

Which of the following statements about Wikipedia is/are false? a. The site is updated and revised by interested volunteers. b. All previous versions of Wikipedia pages are saved. c. All of the options are false. d. Other versions of Wikipedia are being developed in 20 different languages. e. The English version of Wikipedia contains over four million articles.

d. other versions of wikipedia are being developed in 20 different languages. p44

In digital technology, images, text, and sounds are converted into bits of information representing how many values? a. none b. one c. an infinite number d. two e. up to five

d. two p68

what is one reason for viewing culture asa map rather than as a hierarchy? a. A map better shows the delineation between what is "high culture" versus what is "low culture." b. All of the options are correct. c. You can fit more forms of culture on a map than a vertical hierarchy. d. A map is easier to read than a vertical hierarchy. e.A map better represents the fact that forms of culture exhibit multiple tendencies.

e. A map better represents the fact that forms of culture exhibit multiple tendencies. p22

What advantage does cable have over broadcast television? a. specialized programming b. more channels c. service for communities without a broadcast signal d. less interference e. All of the options are correct.

e. All of the options are correct. p181

By 2016, _____ made up more than 53 percent of the smartphone market. a. Firefox phones b. iPhones c. Blackberries d. Microsoft phones e. Android phones

e. Android phones p59

Which of the following statements about cable programming is FALSE? a. Programming choices often include music as well as television programs and movies. b. Cable channels narrowcast to niche audiences. c. Premium cable channels often promise no advertising and recent or original movies to tempt customers. d. Basic cable services now often include over one hundred channels. e. Cable systems typically offer a single tier of service to their customers.

e. Cable systems typically offer a single tier of service to their customers. p184

Which sentence best describes how ratings impact the business of television and cable? a. Higher ratings equal a lower share of the audience, which means higher-priced commercials. b. Lower ratings mean a lower share of the audience, which means higher-priced commercials. c. Higher ratings equal a bigger share of the audience, which means lower-priced commercials. d. Lower ratings mean more viewers, which mean higher-priced commercials. e. Higher ratings mean more viewers, which mean higher-priced commercials.

e. Higher ratings mean more viewers, which mean higher-priced commercials. p203

Which statement best reflects Hollywood's place in the global film industry? a. It never recovered a place on the world stage after the first and second World Wars. b. All of the options are correct. c. Consumers in other countries mostly ignore American films. d. British films remain more popular than American films around the world. e. Its movies play on the most screens and draw the biggest box office receipts around the world.

e. Its movies play on the most screens and draw the biggest box office receipts around the world. p226

_____ is information-gathering software that is secretly bundled with free downloaded software. a. Wiki b. Phishing c. Wi-Fi d. Mass customization e. Spyware

e. Spyware p67

What controversial movie produced in the silent film era was the first blockbuster? a. The Life of the American Fireman b. The Wizard of Oz c. Jaws d. The Jazz Singer e. The Birth of a Nation

e. The Birth of a Nation p224

How are cable and DBS operators fighting back against online streaming services? a. They are convincing cable programmers not to stream their programs online. b. They are drastically reducing their subscription prices in the hope of luring back customers. c. They are going into the content creation business and developing more original programming. d. None of the options are correct. e. They are releasing iPad apps, allowing users to stream live TV on their iPads at no additional cost.

e. They are releasing iPad apps, allowing users to stream live TV on their iPads at no additional cost. p187

The radio format that primarily targets African American audiences is known as _____. a. album-oriented rock b. Top 40 c. country d. alternative e. urban contemporary

e. Urban contemporary p157

which of the following is a direct result of the development of the printing press? a. rising literacy rates among the royalty, clergy, and the upper classes b. a return to a more rural and agriculture-based society c. a greater reliance on political leaders for information d. None of the options are correct. e. a reduction in size and cost of books, making them more affordable for most people

e. a reduction in size and cost of the books, making them more affordable for most people. p7

The popular narratives of our culture are _____. a. rapidly disappearing b. simple and uniform c. simple and varied d. complex and uniform e. complex and varied

e. complex and varied p13

Information profiles that are automatically collected and transferred between computer servers whenever users access Web sites are called _____. a. e-commerce b. opt-ins c. spyware d. opt-outs e. cookies

e. cookies p55

Today, about 75 percent of the more than $17 billion in gross advertising sales for radio comes from _____. a. satellite radio subscription fees b. large national companies c. Internet radio sales d. carrying Rush Limbaugh's talk radio show e. local advertising sales

e. local advertising sales p165

What did the must-carry rules require cable networks to carry? a. program content warnings b. public service announcements c. national networks d. educational programming e. local broadcast stations

e. local broadcast stations p196

Which of the following was NOT an early use of the Internet? a. e-mail b. research c. information posted on bulletin boards d. communication e. multiplayer games

e. multiplayer games p39

Rock and roll is credited with blurring the lines between all of the following EXCEPT _____. a. high and low culture b. African American and white c. sacredandsecular d. North and South e. parents and children

e. parents and children p115

Facebook, MySpace, and Google+ are examples of _____. a. content communities b. virtual social worlds c. blogs d. virtual game worlds e. social networking sites

e. social networking sites p54

What has become the hub for convergence in recent years? a. newspapers and magazines b. video games c. radio d. television e. theInternet

e. the internet p48