Cultural Anthropology CH 1&2 Final NNU 2k19

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Three broad theories of social structure dominate the social sciences. They are

Functionalism, conflict, and interactional

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explaining how the world works

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect information from societies before they die out

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called

archaeology

The subfield of anthropology that studies human evolution, including human genetics and human nutrition, is called

biological anthropology

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practices is called

cultural Anthropology

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgment about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is called

cultural relativism

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

enculturation

Assuming your culture's way of doing things is the best is called

ethnocentrism

If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would be most likely to focus on

everyday interactions

All humans are born with some culture.

false

Contemporary cultural anthropologists rank societies along an evolutionary scale from "primitive" to "advanced" to categorize human diversity.

false

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

industrial revolution

Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

integrated

An ____________ approach to culture, such as that promoted by Geertz, Turner, and Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings.

interpretive

A symbol

is something that conventionally stands for something else

Examples of social institutions are

kinship, marriage, and farming

During anthropological fieldwork, cultural anthropologists

learn the local language, record people's economic transactions, and study how environmental changes affect agriculture

Culture is

learned and shared

If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

learning happens best when students are being talked at

The subfield of anthropology that studies language use is called

linguistic anthropology

"Owning" culture

means controlling symbols that give meaning

The process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment is referred to as

natural selection

Norms are stable because

people learn them when they are young

Western colonial powers understood the different customs and cultures of the people they colonized as

proof of their primitive nature

Research that involves interviews, observations, images, objects, and words is a __________ study.

qualitative

Techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

quantitative data

Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by

seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as _______________.

social evolution

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal

the cultural constructions of insects as food

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as

traditions


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