Cultural Anthropology: Midterm Exam

The authors mention many reasons for telling stories within a society. They identify all of the following reasons EXCEPT

a. .teaching a moral lesson to children. b. preserving ways of life. c. acting as a form of social control over activities that are not allowed. d. keeping members glued to storytelling devices, such as televisions. Answer: d. keeping members glued to storytelling devices, such as televisions.

The world's eight richest humans now control as much wealth as the bottom __________ of the entire world's population.

a. 10% b. 20% c. 40% d. 50% Answer: d. 50%

During the height of the European colonial period, European nations ruled more than ________ of the world.

a. 60% b. 45% c. 75% d. 85% Answer: d. 85%

Who was Zhang Qian?

a. A traveler who discovered many of the trade routes used in the Silk Road b. A military officer born in the second century BCE c. All of the answer choices are correct d. One of the first people to systematically study and document cultural differences Answer: c. All of the answer choices are correct

Which of the following anthropologists is widely considered to be one of the founders of modern North American anthropology, with its focus on fieldwork and cultural relativism?

a. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown b. Franz Boas c. Bronislaw Malinowski d. Clifford Geertz Answer: b. Franz Boas

What do paleoanthropologists study?

a. All of the answer choices are correct b. Differences between human languages c. Ancient human relatives d. Unique human diets Answer: c. Ancient human relatives

How does the Afro-Brazilian religion, Candombl, show religious syncretism?

a. Both Africans and Brazilians practice Candomblé. b. Traditional gods of Candomblé, the orixás, are combined with Catholic divine beings, such as saints. c. The belief system developed both in Africa and also in Brazil. d. A Catholic priest presides over Candomblé ceremonies. Answer: b. Traditional gods of Candomblé, the orixás, are combined with Catholic divine beings, such as saints.

How does a fable become a tradition within a culture?

a. By individual members of the society experiencing parts of the fable first-hand b. If it is a tall tale or folktale c. If it is made into a television show or movie d. By being retold and accepted by others in the community Answer: d. By being retold and accepted by others in the community

The study of the experiences of people who live in cities and the relationships of city life to broader social, political, and economic contexts, is called

a. City Anthropology. b. Urban Anthropology. c. Global Anthropology. d. Metropology. Answer: b. Urban Anthropology.

How did the "Age of Enlightenment" plant seeds for many academic disciplines, including anthropology?

a. Ordinary people could learn the "truth" through observation and experience. b. Western governments stressed the importance of technological advancement. c. Religious institutions created harsher rules around education. d. Scientists received large grants to expand their disciplines. Answer: a. Ordinary people could learn the "truth" through observation and experience.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism?

a. Cultural relativism ignores the differences between cultures, while ethnocentrism focuses on the differences between cultures. b. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism both allow for an unbiased understanding of culture. c. Ethnocentrism emphasizes understanding from an insider's view, and cultural relativism judges other cultures from an outsider's view. d. Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding from an insider's view, and ethnocentrism judges other cultures from an outsider's view. Answer: d. Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding from an insider's view, and ethnocentrism judges other cultures from an outsider's view.

When an injured person blames their accident on a curse directed at them, they are using which type of ethno-etiology?

a. Emotionalistic b. Biomedical c. Personalistic d. Naturalistic Answer: c. Personalistic

Henry Morgan's argument that all societies "progress" through the same stages of development (savagery, barbarism, civilization) is an example of what type of thinking?

a. Ethnocentric b. Patriotic c. Archaeological d. Scientific Answer: a. Ethnocentric

What is the term for the process of participant-observation fieldwork in cultural anthropology?

a. Ethnography b. Applied anthropology c. Archaeology d. Comparison Answer: a. Ethnography

In Patterns of Culture (1934), Ruth Benedict wrote about how culture shapes a region's personality traits.

a. False b. True Answer: b. True

To which of the following does ethnography NOT refer?

a. Fieldwork b. Descriptive accounts of culture c. Novels written by cultural anthropologists d. The research method of cultural anthropologists Answer: c. Novels written by cultural anthropologists

Instead of studying social groups that differ from their own, to where are cultural anthropologists increasingly turning their focus?

a. Global institutions, such as the United Nations b. Their own societies and subgroups within them c. Other non-human mammal species d. Societies that speak English, in addition to their native language Answer: b. Their own societies and subgroups within them

In medical anthropology, __________ is a medical condition that can be objectively identified, while __________ is the subjective or personal experience of feeling unwell.

a. Illness; disease ' b. Illness; being sick c. Disease; hypochondria d. Disease; illness d. Disease; illness

In order to study the similarities and differences among living societies and cultural groups, what must cultural anthropologists do?

a. Immersive fieldwork b. Laboratory research c. Archeological excavation d. Abandon their teaching and live with their research subjects Answer: a. Immersive fieldwork

How do anthropologists understand the concept of The Other?

a. It is a term that refers to people who are just outside one's social circle, such as people who try to fit in to certain cliques but are not accepted. b. It is a term that describes people whose customs, beliefs, or behaviors are different from one's own; an outsider or stranger. c. It is a term that expresses the idea that each individual has two aspects in conflict; the good and bad parts of a person. d. It is term that refers to alien worlds and imagined people from distant planets. Answer: b. It is a term that describes people whose customs, beliefs, or behaviors are different from one's own; an outsider or stranger.

Which of the following does NOT describe culture?

a. It is learned from other members of a society or subgroup. b. It is a set of beliefs, practices, and symbols that are shared. c. It can change in response to both internal and external factors. d. It is the genetic range of a society or subgroup. Answer: d. It is the genetic range of a society or subgroup.

What is ethnocentrism?

a. It is the belief that only one culture exists. b. It is the belief that all cultures can be organized from best to worst. c. It is the belief that one's own culture is better than others. d. It is the belief that Western cultures are superior to Eastern cultures. Answer: c. It is the belief that one's own culture is better than others.

What does the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis propose?

a. Language does not impact culture. b. The language you speak allows you to think about some things and not others. c. Cultures that speak English are superior to those that do not. d. Literacy levels in a society correlate with their emotional capabilities. Answer: b. The language you speak allows you to think about some things and not others.

Which subfield of anthropology aims to solve specific practical problems in collaboration with governmental, non-profit, and community organizations?

a. Linguistic anthropology b. Applied anthropology c. Political anthropology d. Cultural anthropology Answer: b. Applied anthropology

When an ill person describes the origin of their suffering as coming from a fright or shock, they are using which type of ethno-etiology?

a. Naturalistic b. Biomedical c. Emotionalistic d. Personalistic Answer: c. Emotionalistic

What are some of the problems that have resulted for quinoa farmers of Bolivia now that quinoa is a valued commodity in the global market?

a. New farmers must use expensive machinery and fertilizers more often than llamas, who have a symbiotic relationship with the crop. b. All of the answer choices are correct. c. New and traditional farmers clash in terms of their ideas about respecting the land and how money from the cash crop should be used in the community. d. Quinoa, a healthy crop, has been removed from many people's diets since it can be sold to the Global North. Answer: possibly a or b

One of the main differences between the anthropology that developed in the 19th and early 20th centuries in North America and Europe was that

a. North American anthropology centered their ideas on religion and belief systems, while European anthropology was centered around sexuality and gender. b. European anthropology developed theories about how mythology affects the individual's psyche. c. European anthropology focused more on social institutions (such as family or political organizations), and how they interact with culture. d. North American anthropology focused more on social institutions (such as family or political organizations), and how they interact with culture. Answer: c. European anthropology focused more on social institutions (such as family or political organizations), and how they interact with culture.

What term is used to refer to the immersive, long-term research that cultural anthropologists undertake?

a. Participant-observation fieldwork b. Cultural archaeology c. Linguistic analysis d. Hypothesis-based laboratory work Answer: a. Participant-observation fieldwork

What was the result of the privatization of water in the Bolivian city of Cochabamba, as mandated by the World Bank and IMF loans?

a. Privatization of water helped stabilize the city's water system and decrease the price that citizens paid for their water supply. b. It caused the loans to default. c. It was disastrous, due to rapid population growth and a scarcity of water. d. There was no change from past years when the water system was owned by the national government. Answer: c. It was disastrous, due to rapid population growth and a scarcity of water.

What major contributor(s) to human disease became problematic once agricultural communities became densely populated?

a. Problems disposing of waste and difficulty accessing clean water b. Pesticide and herbicide use in agricultural fields c. Contagion between individuals due to close-quarter living arrangements d. An increase in insect disease vectors Answer: a. Problems disposing of waste and difficulty accessing clean water

Which of the following is NOT a major subfield of anthropology in the United States?

a. Sociopolitical anthropology b. Archaeology c. Biological anthropology d. Cultural anthropology Answer: a. Sociopolitical anthropology

What aspects of culture did Bob, the coffee shop patron, identify in his definition of culture?

a. Subsistence and economics b. Religion and sexuality c. Anthropological theory and important scholars d. Language and changing cultural values Answer: d. Language and changing cultural values

After one man traveled to the US from Liberia with the Ebola virus in 2014, many Americans debated whether full travel bans should be instituted to and from countries with confirmed cases of Ebola. This is not only an example of how globalization can potentially create a public health disaster, but also highlights which social aspect of intensified globalization?

a. The ability of viruses to infect new hosts rapidly b. Xenophobic attitudes and racial prejudice c. Technological advances in transportation d. Scientific advancements in public health Answer: b. Xenophobic attitudes and racial prejudice

What is armchair anthropology?

a. The anthropology of furniture through the ages b. An approach that uses the stories and experiences of others to measure other cultures from one's own (superior) vantage point c. An approach to the field that privileges fieldwork over theory d. The branch of anthropology that studies only those people and cultures at "arm's length" Answer: b. An approach that uses the stories and experiences of others to measure other cultures from one's own (superior) vantage point

Why do the authors of this chapter decide to talk to a patron of a coffee shop?

a. The coffee shop patron they are seeking is someone that they met previously, who expressed an interest in anthropology. b. The authors are interested to know how non-anthropologists define culture. c. The authors are sleepy and need a shot of espresso to continue working on their chapter. d. International students visit the coffee shop near their college, so they thought it might be a good place to find potential informants. Answer: b. The authors are interested to know how non-anthropologists define culture.

Although fair trade practices are appealing to conscious consumers, why do some farmers get left behind by fair trade?

a. The community decides by consensus who gets to join the cooperatives, and who does not. b. Those who only farm part time are not accepted into fair trade cooperatives. c. If the market price drops, fair trade farmers still make a decent living. d. Certain well-situated farmers with more social or cultural capital will have more access to the benefits of fair trade than poorer farmers. Answer: d. Certain well-situated farmers with more social or cultural capital will have more access to the benefits of fair trade than poorer farmers.

Based on evidence from anthropological studies, which of the following results is most likely to come from the introduction of modern goods into traditional communities?

a. The community incorporates new things into their pre-existing practices without completely trading old ideas for new ones. b. The community rejects new goods due to the fear of losing their traditional practices. c. The community replaces all of their traditional goods and practices with new ones. d. The community has a town hall meeting, or something similar, to discuss and vote on whether to adopt the new items. Answer: a. The community incorporates new things into their pre-existing practices without completely trading old ideas for new ones.

How was the U.S.' economic strategy in Latin America different from Great Britain's?

a. U.S. companies moved to Great Britain to control the production and distribution of goods from Latin America. b. British companies had gone to Latin America to directly control the means of production, where as the U.S. had imported goods from Latin America. c. British companies had bought out national companies throughout Latin America and controlled the distribution of goods from Europe. d. U.S. companies went to Latin America to directly control the means of production, whereas Great Britain had imported goods from Latin America. Answer: d. U.S. companies went to Latin America to directly control the means of production, whereas Great Britain had imported goods from Latin America.

The term primitive is a term that implies all of the following EXCEPT

a. a stage of development that did not yet embrace the "correct" ways of European cultures. b. a lack of technological advancement. c. inferiority to European cultures. d. an objective and neutral approach to newly encountered peoples. Answer: d. an objective and neutral approach to newly encountered peoples.

According to the course text, anorexia is referred to as a culture-bound syndrome because

a. all of the answer choices are correct. b. it is an illness recognized only within a specific culture (or in areas that have been influenced by that culture). c. it does not have physical manifestations, only cultural ones. d. only others from the same culture can recognize the symptoms of the illness. Answer: b. it is an illness recognized only within a specific culture (or in areas that have been influenced by that culture).

While Western biomedicine is based on science and rigorous testing, it is also true that

a. all of the answer choices are correct. b. other cultures recognize and prefer their own forms of science separate from the Western tradition. c. it is a product of Western history and culture, from the Greek and Roman traditions through the European Scientific Revolution. d. ethnocentrism predisposes people to believe that their own culture's traditions are the most effective. Answer: a. all of the answer choices are correct.

The rapid changes in human lifestyles from small foraging groups to crowded, technologically-advanced societies shows that

a. all of the answer choices are correct. b. the human body has evolved faster in the last 100 years than ever before. c. human lifestyles are biocultural, or products of interactions between biology and culture. d. all of the changes in human societies have been adaptive. Answer: possibly b or c

Anthropologist Bob Myers argues that

a. anthropology seeks to demonstrate that the way of doing things we know best is neither normal nor necessarily right. b. anthropology seeks to illustrate the potential for human life. c. all of the answer choices are correct. d. anthropology does not seek to exoticize those who live differently from us. Answer: c. all of the answer choices are correct.

The discipline that investigates human health and health care systems in comparative perspective, considering a wide-range of bio-cultural dynamics that affect the well-being of human populations is referred to as

a. bio-cultural anthropology. b. health anthropology. c. systems anthropology. d. medical anthropology. Answer: d. medical anthropology.

The approach in which disease is thought to be the result of natural forces such as cold, heat, wind, dampness, and above all, by an upset in the balance of the basic body elements is a

a. biomedical ethno-etiology. b. naturalistic ethno-etiology. c. personalistic ethno-etiology. d. emotionalistic ethno-etiology. Answer: b. naturalistic ethno-etiology.

Zoonotic diseases are diseases that

a. can be passed between humans and animals. b. have only been discovered in zoos. c. are closely related to cholera. d. can only be found in places where animals are domesticated. Answer: a. can be passed between humans and animals.

The theory of structural-functionalism, as used by Radcliffe-Brown, believed that social structures

a. contribute to change over time within a society. b. functioned to maintain social stability over time. c. encourage conformity in all members of society, no matter their social roles. d. develop randomly in societies, but act to support cultural understandings. Answer: b. functioned to maintain social stability over time.

The study of human origins, evolution, and variation is known as

a. cultural anthropology. b. biological anthropology. c. linguistic anthropology. d. applied anthropology. Answer: b. biological anthropology.

In anthropology, the process of learning culture as it is transmitted by others is called

a. cultural contact. b. holism. c. enculturation. d. transmission. Answer: c. enculturation

In her book, Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family, Jean Briggs argues that

a. different cultures cannot express the same emotions through different languages. b. anger and strong negative emotions are not expressed among families that live together in small iglus amid harsh environmental conditions. c. none of the answer choices are correct. d. Eskimo families must focus on survival instead of emotional expression, so they lack a developed culture. Answer: b. anger and strong negative emotions are not expressed among families that live together in small iglus amid harsh environmental conditions.

The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is referred to as

a. discovery. b. globalization. c. interdependency. d. colonialism. Answer: d. colonialism.

Cultural explanations about the underlying causes of health problems is referred to in medical anthropology as

a. ethno-explanations. b. a biomedical approach. c. folk medicine. d. ethno-etiology. Answer: a. ethno-explanations.

A cultural anthropologist studying the meaning of marriage in a small village in India might consider local gender norms, existing family networks, laws regarding marriage, religious rules, and economic factors. This is an example of

a. ethnocentrism. b. comparison. c. holism. d. cultural relativism. Answer: c. holism

The idea that one's own group is better than any other is called

a. ethnocentrism. b. ethnography. c. cultural relativism. d. cultural comparison. Answer: a. ethnocentrism.

"That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society" is Tylor's definition of

a. functionalism. b. social structure. c. culture. d. traditions. Answer: c. culture.

"The intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa" is the definition of

a. globalization. b. economics. c. contemporary social life. d. colonialism. Answer: a. globalization.

The adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms is referred to as

a. glocalization. b. globalization. c. globadaptation. d. globalability. Answer: a. glocalization.

The comparative study of cultural ideas about wellness, illness, and healing is called

a. healing anthropology. b. traditional medicinals. c. ethnopractices. d. ethnomedicine. Answer: d. ethnomedicine

In English, we say: "I love you." In Spanish, there are many ways of conveying different types of love, such as te quiero, te amo, and te adoro. These differences are an example of

a. how Romance languages express emotions differently than Germanic languages. b. how migration patterns impacted language. c. how all cultures share common emotional experiences. d. how language may influence our views of the world. Answer: d. how language may influence our views of the world.

Widely known as the founder of American anthropology, Franz Boas insisted that

a. human behaviors are innate. b. while cultures differ, they are not superior to nor inferior than one another. c. all cultures can be placed in a logical hierarchy. d. physical and behavioral differences among members of subcultures in the United States are shaped by biology. Answer: b. while cultures differ, they are not superior to nor inferior than one another.

Margaret Mead's book, Coming of Age in Samoa (1925), was an important contribution to the nature-nurture debate, arguing that teenagers experience less stress in Samoa than in the United States. Her fieldwork provided evidence that

a. human biological processes, such as puberty, are the same all over the world. b. learned cultural roles are randomly assigned, and are not dependent on cultural differences. c. biological instincts dictate the way that people behave. d. learned cultural roles are more important than biology in most types of behavior. Answer: d. learned cultural roles are more important than biology in most types of behavior.

A study focusing on the extraction of water from land in Fiji by a North American company that sells the water and gains its profits in the U.S. is best situated primarily within the

a. ideoscape. b. ethnoscape. c. financescape. d. mediascape. Answer: c. financescape.

A study focusing on the spread of religious doctrine by missionaries would be interested primarily in the

a. ideoscape. b. mediascape. c. ethnoscape. d. financescape. Answer: a. ideoscape.

One of the unintended health consequences of the rise of antibiotic use in low-income (developing) nations is that

a. impoverished children, whose lives are saved by antibiotics in infancy, succumb later in childhood to malnutrition, dehydration, or other ailments. b. there are never enough drugs for all of the patients who need them, resulting in violence. c. antibiotic use has replaced regular visits to health care practitioners, resulting in many diseases not being diagnosed. d. antibiotics end up in the water supply, creating issues with water safety. Answer: a. impoverished children, whose lives are saved by antibiotics in infancy, succumb later in childhood to malnutrition, dehydration, or other ailments.

Western biomedicine tends to conceive of the body as a kind of biological machine. When parts of the machine are damaged, defective, or out of balance, the preferred therapeutic responses are most often

a. increasing the patient's social relationships and emotional state. b. hypnotherapy and acupuncture. c. chemical or surgical interventions. d. herbal or other plant-based medications that support the immune system. Answer: c. chemical or surgical interventions.

Obesity is considered to be a "disease of civilization," meaning

a. it did not exist in early human populations. b. being civilized produces obesity. c. obesity began with the rise of agriculture. d. it only emerged once people lived in settlements. Answer: a. it did not exist in early human populations.

Clifford Geertz, a post-modern anthropologist, stressed the importance of

a. language, as a means of transmitting symbolic knowledge in public contexts. b. ethics in anthropological research. c. social institutions and how they help shape cultural understandings. d. how individual psychology creates patterns of cultural behavior. Answer: possibly a or b

Cultural relativism argues that we should seek to

a. live amongst people of multiple cultures throughout one's life. b. study cultures through an ethnocentric lens. c. distinguish distinct differences between all human cultures. d. understand another person's beliefs and behaviors from the perspective of their culture rather than our own. Answer: d. understand another person's beliefs and behaviors from the perspective of their culture rather than our own.

In cultural anthropology, the term "belief" refers to

a. moral concepts of right and wrong. b. a set of texts governing a society. c. all mental aspects of culture. d. religious ideals only. Answer: c. all mental aspects of culture.

The approach that considers health to be the absence of disease or dysfunction, and that disease can be identified as one of the following: a pathogen, malfunction of the body's processes, or a physiological disorder is the

a. personalistic approach. b. emotionality approach. c. biomedical approach. d. naturalistic approach. Answer: c. biomedical approach.

Nineteenth century anthropologists identified three stages of "cultural evolution," which were called (in this order of development)

a. primitivism, barbarism, and futurism. b. savagery, barbarism, and civilization. c. primitivism, savagery, and industrialism. d. barbarism, savagery, and civilization. Answer: b. savagery, barbarism, and civilization.

Personalistic ethno-etiologies view disease as the result of

a. purposeful activity, not random chance. b. aggression or punishment directed toward an individual. c. all of the answer choices are correct. d. a human, nonhuman, or supernatural intervention. Answer: c. all of the answer choices are correct.

The intensification of globalization has led many to use others as scapegoats, in an attempt to reassert their own values and way of life. These efforts are often referred to as __________ by social scientists.

a. re-establishment b. reassertment c. re-entrenchment d. foundationalism Answer: c. re-entrenchment

The theory of functionalism, as used by Malinowski, understood that cultural traditions developed as a result of

a. shared ideas and habits that stemmed from the family. b. basic human biological instincts, such as fear and anxiety. c. individual personalities in a group setting. d. the need to regulate specific human needs, such as food, safety, reproduction, and livelihood. Answer: d. the need to regulate specific human needs, such as food, safety, reproduction, and livelihood.

The principle that a culture must be understood on its own terms rather than compared to an outsider's standard is called

a. structural-functionalism. b. non-comparativism. c. cultural relativism. d. ethnocentrism Answer: c. cultural relativism.

A response to treatment that occurs because the person receiving the treatment believes it will work, not because the treatment itself is effective, is referred to as a

a. sugar-pill effect. b. none of the answer choices are correct. c. placebo effect. d. placeholder effect. Answer: c. placebo effect.

"Going native" means that an anthropologist

a. teaches the local people about the superiority of the fieldworker's own culture and religious beliefs. b. wears the tribal tattoos of the locals. c. undertakes participant-observation wearing only a loincloth and face paint. d. participates more fully in local life than an observer, potentially becoming romantically involved with Native people Answer: d. participates more fully in local life than an observer, potentially becoming romantically involved with Native people

The idea of the "ethnoscape" focuses on __________ that flow(s) across borders.

a. technology b. people c. ideas d. money Answer: b. people

Contemporary globalization is said to have begun, at least in terms of economics, as coinciding with

a. the end of WWII and Bretton Woods Conference, which led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. b. none of the answer choices is correct. c. the launch of the Internet in 1983. d. the Great Acceleration of the 1950s, in which more-developed nations began to severely strip less-developed nations of their resources. Answer: a. the end of WWII and Bretton Woods Conference, which led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank.

The fact that patients in China who experience depression complain of different symptoms than patients who experience depression in the United States illustrates that

a. the underlying illness must be different physiologically since the two groups describe. different symptoms b. Chinese and North American doctors do not understand their patients' symptoms in the same way. c. the difficulties in translation of symptoms from one language to another. d. culture shapes a person's experience of their illness. Answer: d. culture shapes a person's experience of their illness.

Globalization within a consumerist economy enables individuals

a. to expand their range of identities in new ways through the use of global goods, ideas, and belief systems. b. all of the answer choices are correct. c. to increase their symbolic capital by knowing how to distinguish between goods. d. to exhibit their identities through the purchase and conspicuous use of goods. Answer: b. all of the answer choices are correct.

The combination of different beliefs - even those that seem contradictory - into a new, harmonious whole is called

a. transference. b. syncretism. c. animism. d. social combination. Answer: b. syncretism.

North American anthropologists stress the importance of holism, or

a. understanding people as whole organisms, including their biology, in order to understand their behavior. b. considering the entire context of a society, including its history. c. focusing on holy or religious belief systems as the central aspect of a society. d. the whole meanings of language and symbols in society. Answer: b. considering the entire context of a society, including its history.

At the turn of the 20th century, the landowning elite began to lose control in Latin America when

a. union workers began to strike and use disruptive tactics in the workplace b. Latin American peasants migrated from the countryside into the cities and European immigrants arrived c. socialism became popular throughout the countryside d. U.S. businesses came to Latin America to control the means of production Answer: b. Latin American peasants migrated from the countryside into the cities and European immigrants arrived

In Globalization studies, the fact that McDonalds offers local favorites in its branches across the world, such as a McAloo Tikki potato patty in India, is an example of

a. weakening of corporate standards. b. bowing to local pressure. c. glocalization. d. all of the answer choices are correct. Answer: c. glocalization

In many cases, a person's consumption patterns (otherwise known as "taste") are actually a reflection of

a. what gets promoted through the media. b. pressure from influencers. c. the choices of the wealthiest consumers. d. the social class in which they were raised. Answer: d. the social class in which they were raised.

Traditional Chinese Medicine understands the body to contain a life force that, when blocked, causes illness. This force is called

a. yin and yang. b. meridians. c. chi (qi). d. om. Answer: c. chi (qi).