D-01 Distinguish Between Dependent & Independent Variables - Part 3 - Review/Interpret Literature

If experimental data indicate that an antecedent stimulus consistently evokes a behavior and this behavior doesn't occur in the absence of that antecedent stimulus,

(all of the above) - 1. a functional relationship is demonstrated. 2. a motivating operation must be in effect. 3. stimulus control is demonstrated.

A functional relation

(all of the above) - 1. may be defined as a relation between 2 variables, such that a change in the independent variables causes significant and predictable change in behavior (dependent variable). 2. may be defined as a statement which summarizes the result of an experiment that demonstrates a predictable effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. 3. can only be demonstrated with a well-designed experiment.

Experimental data repeatedly indicate that every time the teacher walks into the room, on-task behavior increases.

A functional relationship is demonstrated.

A graduate student conducts an experiment using a reversal design. A conditioned response is taught during the intervention, but during return-to-baseline, the conditioned response continues.

The student has not demonstrated a functional relation.

A teacher says that there is a functional relation between a student's seat location and on-task behavior. She says the student predictably completes his worksheets and stays on-task when he sits in the first row of the class, and he does not complete his worksheets and often talks to peers when he sits in the last row of the class.

The teacher has likely identified a functional relationship.

Experimental data indicating that changes in an antecedent or consequent stimulus class consistently alter the dimension of a response class defines

a functional relationship.

When the experimenter does not manipulate the probability of attention for slapping, probability of attention is an example of the

confounding variable.

To be a functional relationship, changes in antecedent or consequent events must alter the response class

consistently, but not necessarily each time.

When the experimenter manipulates the probability of attention for slapping, frequency of slapping is an example of the

dependent variable.

When the experimenter manipulates the response rate requirement to earn points for typing letters that match letters on the screen, the number of letters typed per minute is an example of the

dependent variable.

When the experimenter does not manipulate the probability of attention for slapping oneself, probability of attention is an example of the

extraneous variable.

When the experimenter does not manipulate the response rate requirement to earn points for typing numbers that match numbers on the screen, response rate requirement is an example of the

extraneous variable.

When the experimenter manipulates the probability of attention for slapping, probability of attention is an example of the

independent variable.

When the experimenter manipulates the response rate requirement to earn points for typing numbers that match number on the screen, response rate requirement is an example of the

independent variable.

A functional relation

may be defined as a relation between 2 variables, such that a change in the independent variable causes significant and predictable change in behavior (dependent variable).

When we experimentally demonstrate that an intervention consistently leads to a certain outcome, we have

not demonstrated a cause, because to do so we would have to show that no other intervention can have that same outcome, which is almost impossible.