data analysis exam 1

What is an example of cross- sectional data?

"What's your GPA?"

The two main branches of statistics are________________ and ___________. a. mathematical and computational b. computational and inferential c. mathematical and descriptive d. descriptive and inferential

d. descriptive and inferential

1. The United States Postal Service (USPS) now offers a service that allows customers to ship packages at a flat rate based on box size (small, medium, large) rather than by weight. The USPS records the weight of all small packages shipped using this new service and finds a normally distributed variable with a mean of 6.9 pounds and a standard deviation of 10 ounces (.63 pounds). If USPS wanted to draw a graph to describe the shipping weight of the small size boxes, they should use a a. pie chart b. scatter diagram c. stem-and-leaf plot d. histogram

d. histogram

1. In a recent survey of its graduating seniors, the Walton College of Business gathered data for several variables, including the following: (1) Whether or not the student had a part time job (1=yes, 2=no) (2) The number of math courses they had taken (3) Academic major (Accounting, Finance, Information Systems, Economics, Management, Marketing) (4) Amount of student loans outstanding (dollars) (5) Home state (Arkansas, Texas, Missouri, Oklahoma, other) The data described in 1 -5 above are: a. nominal, ordinal, nominal, interval, interval b. nominal, interval, ordinal, interval, ordinal c. nominal, ordinal, nominal, interval, nominal d. nominal, interval, nominal, interval, nominal

d. nominal, interval, nominal, interval, nominal

______________ data is a series of data points indexed in time order (temp from 12-12).

time series data

The current price of crude oil is $59. What type of scale is used to measure the price of the crude oil? a. Ratio b. Interval c. Ordinal d. Nominal

b. Interval

________________ sample takes simple random samples from each strata.

stratified

What are the two types of data and which one is most used?

Time-series data and cross- sectional data (most used)

___________ is any entity that can take on different values.

Variables

1. The mean of 11 numbers is 7. One of the numbers, 13, is deleted. What is the mean of the remaining 10 numbers? a. 6.4 b. 6.0 c. 5.8 d. Cannot determine with the information provided

a. 6.4

1. If the variance for dataset 18, 36, 24, 36, 30, and 36 is 57.6, what is the standard deviation for this dataset. a. 7.59 b. 18 c. 3317.76 d. Cannot determine with the information provided

a. 7.59

1. A histogram that is positively skewed a. Is symmetric b. Has a longer upper tail than lower tail c. Has a longer lower tail than upper tail d. None of these statements are correct

b. Has a longer upper tail than lower tail

1. A manager runs a store that serves about 250,000 customers. He wants to know some information about them, so he conducts a survey. One of the questions he asks for this survey is: "Which of the following is the most important reason for buying your groceries at this store? (Choose one) ___ meat quality ___ low prices ____ produce quality ____ service quality What kind of a measure is this question? a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. An integer variable d. A standard normal variable

a. A nominal variable

1. Dr. Jones wants to do an analysis on students' final examination scores in her math class for the past year. She should consider her data to be: a. A population b. A sample c. A standard normal distribution d. None of the above

a. A population

Joe makes five paper helicopters with different wing lengths. He drops them the same way from a height of two meters for five trials each. He records the amount of time it takes for each helicopter to fall to the ground. What are two controlled variables? (Select 2 answers) a. Dropping the same way b. Wing Length c. Amount of time it takes the helicopter to hit the floor d. Dropping from the same height

a. Dropping the same way d. Dropping from the same height

A prediction has been made that the chance that a person will be robbed in a certain city is 15%. This is an example of... a. Inferential statistics. b. Descriptive statistics. c. Either inferential statistics or descriptive statistics. Neither inferential statistics nor descriptive statistics.

a. Inferential statistics.

What type of statistics consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions? a. Inferential statistics. b. Descriptive statistics. c. Either inferential statistics or descriptive statistics. d. Neither inferential statistics nor descriptive statistics.

a. Inferential statistics.

A variable that is not included as an explanatory or response variable in the analysis but can affect the interpretation of relationships between variables is known as a: a. Lurking or confounding variable b. Constant variable c. Independent Variable d. Dependent Variable

a. Lurking or confounding variable

1. USPS asked customers to report their satisfaction with the new shipping prices (Very Satisfied, Satisfied, Dissatisfied, Very Dissatisfied). What type of data is customer satisfaction? a. Ordinal b. Interval c. Nominal d. Correlational

a. Ordinal

Mary wanted to find out how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of plants. She placed two tomato plants in 10-inch pots with potting soil and watered them ¼ cup each day. One plant was placed under a cardboard box and one was placed in the sunlight. She measured the growth of the plant each week for three weeks. What are the control variables? (Select 2 answers) a. Using the same type of plant b. Each plant was placed in a 10-inch pot c. The growth of the plant d. One plant is in the sunlight and the other is under a box

a. Using the same type of plant b. Each plant was placed in a 10-inch pot

Which of the following statements is true? a. With probability sampling methods, each population element has a known (non-zero) chance of being chosen for the sample. b. With probability sampling methods, we do not know the probability that each population element will be chosen, and/or we cannot be sure that each population element has a non-zero chance of being chosen. c. With nonprobability sampling methods, each population element has a known (non-zero) chance of being chosen for the sample. d. None of these statements is true.

a. With probability sampling methods, each population element has a known (non-zero) chance of being chosen for the sample.

1. When data are collected in a statistical study for only a portion or subset of all elements of interest, we are using: a. a sample b. a parameter c. a population d. Both b and c

a. a sample

1. The relationship between two interval variables is graphically displayed by a a. scatter diagram b. histogram c. bar chart pie chart

a. scatter diagram

1. Which of the following types of graphs would be least effective in illustrating nominal data: a. scatter diagram b. frequency distribution c. bar chart d. pie chart

a. scatter diagram

1. Find the mean for the dataset: 18, 36, 24, 36, 30, and 36. a. 26 b. 30 c. 33 d. 36

b. 30

1. A data analysis professor surveys 100 of his freshmen students to determine the number of pets in each student's household. He plans to compute statistical findings on the data and generalize these findings to the homes of all freshmen students. He should consider her data to be: a. A population b. A sample c. A standard normal distribution d. None of the above

b. A sample

1. A manager runs a store that serves about 250,000 customers. He wants to know some information about them, so he conducts a survey. One of the questions he asks for this survey is: "How many times per month do you shop for groceries at this store?" If he surveys 300 of his customers as they leave his store over a period of three different days these data would be considered: a. A population b. A sample c. A standard normal distribution None of the above

b. A sample

How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ? a. Inferential statistics attempts to describe data, while descriptive statistics attempts to make predictions based on data. b. Descriptive statistics attempts to describe data, while inferential statistics attempts to make predictions based on data. c. Descriptive statistics are more computationally sophisticated than inferential statistics. d. None of these are correct.

b. Descriptive statistics attempts to describe data, while inferential statistics attempts to make predictions based on data.

1. A recent survey of 2,000 adults having an MBA reported that the average salary of these 2,000 adults is more than $65,000 a year. This is an example of: a. Inferential statistics. b. Descriptive statistics. c. Either inferential statistics or descriptive statistics. d. Neither inferential statistics nor descriptive statistics.

b. Descriptive statistics.

What type of statistics consists of the collection, organization, summarization and presentation of data? a. Inferential statistics. b. Descriptive statistics. c. Either inferential statistics or descriptive statistics. d. Neither inferential statistics nor descriptive statistics.

b. Descriptive statistics.

1. A car sales lot has decided to use a customer satisfaction survey to learn more information about people who have recently purchased cars from them. From existing records, management knows that the distribution of the amount spent per customer has an extreme positive skew with a mean of $17,000. What sort of graph would you use to illustrate the amount that customers spend on cars at the car lot? a. Histogram b. Pie Chart c. Scatter diagram d. Stem-and-leaf plot

b. Pie Chart

Which of the following is an example of time series data? a. The sales price of townhouses sold last year b. Quarterly housing starts collected over the last 60 years c. Results of market research testing consumer preferences for soda d. Starting salaries of recent business graduates at Penn State University

b. Quarterly housing starts collected over the last 60 years

A manager runs a store that serves about 250,000 customers. He wants to know some information about them, so he conducts a survey. One of the questions he asks for this survey is: "How many times per month do you shop for groceries at this store?" He surveys 300 of his customers as they leave his store over a period of three different days. The population of interest for the store manager is: a. The 300 customers in the survey b. The 250,000 customers c. The customers who came into his store during the 3 days of the survey d. The number of people who live in the city where his store is

b. The 250,000 customers

Joe makes five paper helicopters with different wing lengths. He drops them the same way from a height of two meters for five trials each. He records the amount of time it takes for each helicopter to fall to the ground. What is the independent variable? a. Dropping the same way b. Wing Length c. Amount of time it takes the helicopter to hit the floor d. Dropping from the same height

b. Wing Length

nominal graphs...

bar and pie charts

ordinal graphs...

bar, pie, and stem and leaf.

interval graphs...

bar, pie, stem and leaf, box plot, and histogram.

1. Which of the following datasets has a range of 9, a mean of 15, a median of 14, and a mode of 11? a. 11, 11, 13, 15, 20 b. 5, 11, 14, 14, 31 c. 11, 11, 14, 19, 20 d. 6, 10, 14, 15, 15

c. 11, 11, 14, 19, 20

1. Find the range for the dataset: 18, 36, 24, 36, 30, and 36. a. 6 b. 12 c. 18 d. 24

c. 18

1. The mean of a dataset is 8.3, the variance is 6.76, the range is 9, and the median is 7. What is the standard deviation for the distribution? a. 4.5 b. 1.5 c. 2.6 d. Cannot determine with the information provided

c. 2.6

1. Find the median for the dataset: 18, 36, 24, 36, 30, and 36. a. 26 b. 30 c. 33 d. 36

c. 33

1. A manager runs a store that serves about 250,000 customers. He wants to know some information about them, so he conducts a survey. One of the questions he asks for this survey is: Which of the following is the most important reason for buying your groceries at this store? (Choose one) ___ meat quality ___ low prices ____ produce quality ____ quality of service Which of the following is the preferred way to display the data from this question? a. A time series graph b. A scatter diagram c. A pie chart d. A histogram

c. A pie chart

1. A manager runs a store that serves about 250,000 customers. He wants to know some information about them, so he conducts a survey. One of the questions he asks for this survey is: "How many times per month do you shop for groceries at this store?" The type of variable that he is measuring is: a. A nominal variable b. An ordinal variable c. A standard normal variable d. An interval variable

c. A standard normal variable

1. Joe makes five paper helicopters with different wing lengths. He drops them the same way from a height of two meters for five trials each. He records the amount of time it takes for each helicopter to fall to the ground. What is the dependent variable? a. Dropping the same way b. Wing Length c. Amount of time it takes the helicopter to hit the floor d. Dropping from the same height

c. Amount of time it takes the helicopter to hit the floor

Which of the following statements is true? a. Nonprobability samples MAY represent the population of interest. b. Probability samples MAY represent the populations of interest. c. Both statements are true. d. Neither statement is true.

c. Both statements are true.

Which of the following IS NOT a probability sampling method? a. Simple Random b. Cluster Sample c. Convivence Sample d. Stratified Sample

c. Convivence Sample

1. A histogram that is negatively skewed a. Is symmetric b. Has a longer upper tail than lower tail c. Has a longer lower tail than upper tail d. None of these statements are correct

c. Has a longer lower tail than upper tail

The variable that is changed on purpose is the ... a. Lurking or confounding variable b. Constant variable c. Independent Variable d. Dependent Variable

c. Independent Variable

Changes in the _________ variable causes changes in the _________ variable. a. Dependent, Independent b. Constant, Lurking or confounding c. Independent, dependent d. Lurking or confounding, Constant

c. Independent, dependent

1. A clothing outlet store in Illinois reviews its inventory and uses the following variables: 1. T-shirt selling price, 2. T-shirt colors, 3. Outlet Location (Chicago, Rockford, Lake Forest, East St. Louis, Quincy) and 4. Total number of employees. The data collected in 1, 2, 3, and 4 above are: a. Nominal, interval, nominal, interval b. Interval, nominal, nominal, ordinal c. Interval, nominal, nominal, interval Ordinal, nominal, nominal, interval

c. Interval, nominal, nominal, interval

1. Which of the following is an example of cross-sectional data? a. GDP of the United States from 1990-2010 b. Daily price of DuPont stock during the first quarter c. Results of market research testing consumer preferences for soda d. Quarterly housing starts collected over the last 60 years

c. Results of market research testing consumer preferences for soda

1. In your job as a market analyst for the Bank of Fayetteville, a review of your records shows that there is positive relationship between household income and debt. What is the best way to graph this information? a. Pie chart b. Ogive c. Scatter diagram d. Histogram

c. Scatter diagram

1. A researcher at a local elementary school wants to assess reading achievement of third graders. She puts together a list of all the third graders. Then, she randomly selects a student from the first three students on the list. Starting with that student, she selects every third student for the assessment. For example, if student number 2 were the first student selected, the sample would consist of students' number 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, etc. What type of sample is this? a. Convenience Sample b. Custer Sample c. Systematic Sample Stratified Sample

c. Systematic Sample

Mary wanted to find out how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of plants. She placed two tomato plants in 10-inch pots with potting soil and watered them ¼ cup each day. One plant was placed under a cardboard box and one was placed in the sunlight. She measured the growth of the plant each week for three weeks. What is the dependent variable? a. Using the same type of plant b. Each plant was placed in a 10-inch pot c. The growth of the plant d. One plant is in the sunlight and the other is under a box

c. The growth of the plant

1. Which of the following statements about sampling is true? a. Using nonprobability sampling means you CAN generalize beyond the sample. b. Using probability sampling means you CANNOT generalize beyond the sample. c. Using nonprobability sampling or probability sampling means you CAN generalize beyond the sample. d. Using probability sampling means you CAN generalize beyond the sample.

c. Using nonprobability sampling or probability sampling means you CAN generalize beyond the sample.

1. Which of the following statistics is an appropriate measure of central tendency for a nominal variable? a. mean b. median c. mode d. none of the above

c. mode

1. I ask the students in my Data Analysis class to record the number of hours spent on Facebook the week before Exam 1 and compare this to their exam scores. The results show that more time on Facebook is related to lower exam scores. If I wanted to draw a graph to display the results, I should use a(n): a. ogive b. histogram c. scatter diagram d. bar chart

c. scatter diagram

_______________ data has no meaningful number (hair color).

categorial (qualitative)

________________ sample clusters are naturally occurring groups, such as counties, election districts, and city block.

cluster

______________ variable does not change and is kept constant to be fair.

control

types of non probability sampling methods...

convenience sampling, judgmental or purposive sampling.

discrete is...

count

frequency =

count

_______________ data is collected by observing many subjects at one point or period of time.

cross sectional data

1. Find the mode for the dataset: 18, 36, 24, 36, 30, and 36. a. 26 b. 30 c. 33 d. 36

d. 36

1. A manager runs a store that serves about 250,000 customers. He wants to know some information about them, so he conducts a survey. One of the questions he asks for this survey is: "How many times per month do you shop for groceries at this store." Which of the following would be the preferred way to display his data from the question above? a. A time series graph b. A histogram c. A scatter diagram d. A bar chart

d. A bar chart

Why would one study statistics? a. To be an informed consumer of information. b. To make sense out of information that you receive. c. To make data driven decisions d. All of theses are reasons to study statistics

d. All of theses are reasons to study statistics

Which of the following are examples of cross-sectional data? a. The test scores of students in a class b. The current average prices of regular gasoline in different states c. Neither are examples of cross-sectional data d. Both are cross-sectional data

d. Both are cross-sectional data

The variable that is measured is the ... a. Constant variable b. Control variable c. Independent Variable d. Dependent Variable

d. Dependent Variable

1. Which of the following statements is true? a. Nonprobability samples NEVER represent the population of interest. b. Probability samples ALWAYS represent the populations of interest. c. Both statements are true. d. Neither statement is true.

d. Neither statement is true.

1. An auto analyst is conducting a satisfaction survey, sampling from a list of 10,000 new car buyers. The list includes 2,500 Ford buyers, 2,500 GM buyers, 2,500 Honda buyers, and 2,500 Toyota buyers. The analyst selects a sample of 400 car buyers, by randomly sampling 100 buyers of each brand. Is this an example of a simple random sample? a. Yes, because each buyer in the sample was randomly sampled. b. Yes, because each buyer in the sample had an equal chance of being sampled. c. Yes, because car buyers of every brand were equally represented in the sample. d. No, because every possible 400-buyer sample did not have an equal chance of being chosen.

d. No, because every possible 400-buyer sample did not have an equal chance of being chosen.

1. Fayetteville AutoPark has decided to use a customer satisfaction survey to learn more information about people who have recently purchased cars from them. From existing records, management knows that the distribution of the amount spent per customer has an extreme positive skew with a mean of $17,000. Customers were asked to indicate the type of car that they drive. This represents what type of data? a. Ratio b. Interval c. Ordinal d. Nominal

d. Nominal

Mary wanted to find out how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of plants. She placed two tomato plants in 10-inch pots with potting soil and watered them ¼ cup each day. One plant was placed under a cardboard box and one was placed in the sunlight. She measured the growth of the plant each week for three weeks. What is the independent variable? a. Using the same type of plant b. Each plant was placed in a 10-inch pot c. The growth of the plant d. One plant is in the sunlight and the other is under a box

d. One plant is in the sunlight and the other is under a box

A dealer in New Jersey has surveyed the cars on his lot and has recorded a dataset with following variables: 1. Make/ Model, 2. Miles per Gallon, 3. Car Type (e.g., economy, full size), 4. Price, and 5. Color, The data collected for above variables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are: a. nominal, ordinal, nominal, interval, nominal b. ordinal, interval, ordinal, ordinal, ordinal c. ordinal, interval, ordinal, interval, nominal d. nominal, interval, nominal, interval, nominal

d. nominal, interval, nominal, interval, nominal

1. A researcher at a local elementary school wants to assess reading achievement of third graders. She puts together a list of all the third graders. She divides the list into boys and girls, then she randomly selects students from each list. What type of sample is this? a. Convenience Sample b. Custer Sample c. Systematic Sample d.Stratified Sample

d.Stratified Sample

_____________ variable is measured.

dependent (responce)

Descriptive statistics is...

describing data (mean, median, mode, range). Collection, organization, summarize.

a bar chart has _______ a histogram does not.

gaps between bars

ratio graphs...

histogram and box plot.

___________ variable changes on purpose.

independent (cause)

________________ scale does not have a true zero point.

interval scale

continuous is...

measurement

________________ scale is classified as data into distinct categories in which no ranking is implied.

nominal scale

_______________ data has a number that is meaningful (hair length).

numerical (quantitative)

________________ scale is classified as data into district categories in which ranking is implied. (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior)

ordinal scale

________________ contains all the items or individuals of interest that you seek to study.

population (entire)

Inferential statistics is...

predictions/conclusions, estimation and hypothesis stats, taking data from samples and generalize about a population.

relative frequency is...

proportion

________________ is a type of ratio that relates a part to a whole.

proportions

________________ scale does have a true zero.

ratio scale

________________ contains only a portion of a population of interest.

sample (subset)

the gold standard in sampling is...

simple random sampling

types of probability sampling methods...

simple random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling, stratified random sampling.