data application final exam, BCIS 4620 Final, Chapters 7,8,10,16
Which comparison operator indicates a value is not equal?
<>
Of the following events, which is defined by ANSI as being equivalent to a ROLLBACK?
All changes are aborted and returned to a previous consistent state.
_____ requires that all operations of a transaction be completed.
Atomicity
The special operator used to check whether an attribute value is within a range of values is _____.
BETWEEN
_____ deals with ensuring that data is protected against unauthorized access, and if the data are accessed by an authorized user, that the data are used only for an authorized purpose.
Confidentiality
_____ security breaches include database access by computer viruses and by hackers whose actions are designed to destroy or alter data.
Corrupting
The _____ function returns the current system date in MS Access.
DATE()
The Oracle _____ function compares an attribute or expression with a series of values and returns an associated value or a default value if no match is found.
DECODE
Which statement describes a feature of Oracle sequences?
Dropping a sequence does not delete values assigned to table attributes; it deletes only the sequence object from the database.
Most SQL implementations yield case-insensitive searches.
False
SQL is considered difficult to learn; its command set has a vocabulary of more than 300 words.
False
SQL supports the conditional execution of procedures (IF-THEN-ELSE statements) that are typically supported by a programming language.
False
The COMMIT command does not permanently save all changes. In order to do that, you must use SAVE.
False
The serializable isolation level is the least restrictive level defined by the ANSI SQL standard.
False
Time stamps must only have the single property of uniqueness.
False
Triggers can only be used to update table values.
False
True or False: Atomicity indicates the permanence of the database's consistent state.
False
True or False: Automating business procedures and automatically maintaining data integrity and consistency are trivial in a modern business environment.
False
True or False: BEFORE means before the changes are made in memory but after the changes are permanently saved to disk.
False
True or False: Durability requires that all portions of the transaction must be treated as a single, logical unit of work in which all operations are applied and completed to produce a consistent database.
False
True or False: SQL supports the conditional execution of procedures (IF-THEN-ELSE statements) that are typically supported by a programming language.
False
True or False: Serializability means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.
False
True or False: The DBMS guarantees that the semantic meaning of a transaction truly represents the real-world event.
False
_____ is a string function that returns the number of characters in a string value.
LENGTH
In Oracle, _____ make(s) it possible to merge SQL and traditional programming constructs, such as variables, conditional processing (IF-THEN-ELSE), basic loops (FOR and WHILE loops,) and error trapping.
Procedural Language SQL
The _____ command is used to restore the database to its previous condition.
ROLLBACK
Which query is used to list a unique value for V_CODE, where the list will produce only a list of those values that are different from one another?
SELECT ONLY V_CODE FROM PRODUCT;
True or False: ANSI-standard SQL allows the use of special operators in conjunction with the WHERE clause.
True
A consistent database state is one in which all _____.
data integrity constraints are satisfied
A(n) _____ cursor is automatically created in procedural SQL when the SQL statement returns only one value.
implicit
When using a(n) _____ join, only rows from the tables that match on a common value are returned.
inner
How many rows would be returned from a cross join of tables A and B, if A contains 8 rows and B contains 18?
144
_____ CASE tools provide support for the coding and implementation phases.
Back-end
The _____ constraint is used to validate data when an attribute value is entered.
CHECK
ANSI has defined standards that govern SQL database transactions. Transaction support is provided by two SQL statements _____ and ROLLBACK.
COMMIT
The SQL command that allows a user to permanently save data changes is _____.
COMMIT
The SQL aggregate function that gives the number of rows containing non-null values for a given column is _____.
COUNT
In Oracle, _____ retrieves the current value of a sequence.
CURRVAL
The _____ command defines a default value for a column when no value is given.
DEFAULT
_____ is a relational set operator.
EXCEPT
The special operator used to check whether a subquery returns any rows is _____.
EXISTS
A lock guarantees the open use of a data item to multiple transactions.
False
A persistent stored module is stored and executed on the database client machine.
False
A row-level trigger is assumed if we omit the FOR EACH ROW keywords and a statement-level trigger required the use of the FOR EACH ROW keyword.
False
A shared lock produces no conflict as long as all the concurrent transactions are read-write only.
False
Atomicity indicates the permanence of the database's consistent state
False
Automating business procedures and automatically maintaining data integrity and consistency are trivial in a modern business environment.
False
Stored procedures must have at least one argument.
False
True or False: Stored procedures must have at least one argument.
False;
An explicit cursor must return two or more rows.
False; it holds the output of a SQL statement that *MAY* return two or more rows
The _____ command restricts the selection of grouped rows based on a condition.
HAVING
_____ allows for the translation of the company's strategic goals into the data and applications that will help the company achieve those goals.
Information engineering (IE)
When using the Oracle TO_DATE function, the code _____ represents a three-letter month name.
MON
According to the rules of precedence, which of the following computations should be completed first?
Operations within parantheses
The syntax for a left outer join is _____.
SELECT column-list FROM table1 LEFT [OUTER] JOIN table2 ON join-condition
Which SQL format would be best used for a small, numeric data type?
SMALLINT
_____ are more detailed and specific than policies and describe the minimum requirements of a given DBA activity.
Standards
In Oracle, the _____ function converts a date to a character string.
TO_CHAR()
Which is a feature of a correlated subquery?
The outer subquery initiates the process of execution in a subquery.
A database language enables the user to perform complex queries designed to transform the raw data into useful information.
True
A sequence is not associated with a table and can be dropped from a database with a DROP SEQUENCE command.
True
Although the DBMS is designed to recover a database to a previous consistent state when an interruption prevents the completion of a required set of transactions, the transactions themselves are defined by the end user or programmer and must be semantically correct.
True
Some RDBMSs, such as Microsoft Access, automatically make the necessary conversions to eliminate case sensitivity.
True
String comparisons are made from left to right.
True
The ANSI SQL standards are also accepted by the ISO.
True
The most useful feature of PL/SQL blocks is that they let a designer create code that can be named, stored, and executed by the DBMS.
True
The phenomenon of uncommitted data occurs when two transactions are executed concurrently and the first transaction is rolled back after the second transaction has already accessed the uncommitted data—thus violating the isolation property of transactions.
True
True or False: A database language enables the user to perform complex queries designed to transform the raw data into useful information.
True
True or False: A sequence is not associated with a table and can be dropped from a database with a DROP SEQUENCE command.
True
True or False: Although the DBMS is designed to recover a database to a previous consistent state when an interruption prevents the completion of a required set of transactions, the transactions themselves are defined by the end user or programmer and must be semantically correct.
True
True or False: SQL allows the use of logical restrictions on its inquiries such as OR, AND, and NOT.
True
True or False: The COUNT function is designed to tally the number of non-null "values" of an attribute, and is often used in conjunction with the DISTINCT clause.
True
True or False: The most useful feature of PL/SQL blocks is that they let a designer create code that can be named, stored, and executed by the DBMS.
True
True or False: The multiuser DBMS must implement controls to ensure serializability and isolation of transactions, in addition to atomicity and durability, in order to guard the database's consistency and integrity.
True
When using an optimistic approach, during the read phase, a transaction reads the database, executes the needed computations, and makes the updates to a private copy of the database values.
True
You can select partial table contents by naming the desired fields and by placing restrictions on the rows to be included in the output.
True
A(n) _____ data dictionary is automatically updated by the DBMS with every database access.
active
The person responsible for the control of the centralized and shared database is the database _____.
administrator
A(n) _____ is an alternate name given to a column or table in any SQL statement.
alias
When a user issues the DELETE FROM tablename command without specifying a WHERE condition, _____.
all rows will be deleted
A(n) _____ join performs a relational product (also known as the Cartesian product) of two tables.
cross
A diskpage, or page, is the equivalent of a _____.
diskblock
A(n) _____ specifically reserves access to the transaction that locked the object.
exclusive lock
In the context of developing a data administration strategy, a(n) _____ provides a framework that includes computerized, automated, and integrated tools such as a DBMS and CASE tools.
information systems architecture
One of the important functions provided by the database _____ is to reserve the resources that must be used by the database at run time.
initialization parameters
The _____ manager is responsible for assigning and policing the locks used by transactions.
lock
Transaction is a _____ unit of work that must be either entirely completed or aborted.
logical
Coordinating, monitoring, and allocating database administration resources is included in a DBA's _____ role.
managerial
A(n) _____ join will select only the rows with matching values in the common attribute(s).
natural
What type of command does this SQL statement use? SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE_V_NAME FROM PRODUCT, VENDOR WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE=VENDOR. V_CODE
natural join
In the wait/die scheme, the:
older transaction waits for the younger one to complete and release its locks.
When performing user access management, a DBA defines each user to the database at the _____ levels.
operating system and DBMS
A(n) _____ join returns not only the rows matching the join condition (that is, rows with matching values in the common columns) but also the rows with unmatched values.
outer
In subquery terminology, the first query in the SQL statement is known as the _____ query.
outer
A _____ lock will lock the entire diskpage.
page-level
When writing SQL table-creating command sequences, the entire table definition is enclosed in _____.
parentheses
You cannot have an invalid entry in the foreign key column; at the same time, you cannot delete a vendor row as long as a product row references that vendor. This is known as _____.
referential integrity
The SQL data manipulation command HAVING:
restricts the selection of grouped rows based on a condition.
The Oracle equivalent to an MS Access AutoNumber is a(n) _____.
sequence
As long as two transactions, T1 and T2, access _____ data, there is no conflict, and the order of execution is irrelevant to the final outcome.
unrelated
