Data Quality Characteristics & stats

nominal data

#'s assigned to categories *no natural order*

Cross-sectional study

(a.k.a. prevalence study) is a type of observational study that involves the analysis of data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time—that is, cross-sectional data.

Data Quality Management Domains

1. Application 2. Collection 3. Warehousing 4. Analysis

Cancer Registry

1. Case Definition (who should be included) 2. Case Finding *ACS CoC*

Mean

Add all available values and divide the sum by the total number of values (average value)

Null hypothesis

Assuming no correlation between data variables

HIPAA security provision

CEs must establish a contingency plan review security policies and procedures once a year

Enterprise Information Management (EIM) functions

Data Governance

Interrater reliability

Having more than one person abstract data for the same case (checking each other's work)

Median

Midpoint of a series of values/numbers (arranged in order)

PHI Requests:

Per HIPAA, must be acted on within 30 days, 60 days if stored off-site

Who owns the health record?

Provider who generated the information

Frequency distribution

Shows the values that a variable can take and the number of observations associated with each value.

Data Timeliness:

The availability of up-to-date data within the useful, operative, or indicated time

Data Precision

The degree to which measures support their purpose, and/or the closeness of two or more measures to each other values should be just large enough to support application of process

Data Comprehensiveness

The extent to which all required data within the entire scope are collected, documenting intended exclusions all data items are included

Data Currency

The extent to which data are up-to-date; a datum value is up-to-date if it is current for a specific point in time, and it is outdated if it was current at a preceding time but incorrect at a later time

Data Relevancy

The extent to which healthcare-related data are useful for the purposes for which they were collected

Data Accuracy

The extent to which the data are free of identifiable errors correct values

Data Consistency:

The extent to which the healthcare data are reliable, identical, and reproducible by different users across application

Data Granularity

The level of detail at which the attributes and characteristics of data quality in healthcare data are defined

Data Accessibility:

The level of ease and efficiency at which data are legally obtainable, within a well protected and controlled environment

Mode

The most frequently recurring value in a set of numbers

data security

The protection measures and tools that safeguard information and information systems

Data Definition

The specific meaning of a healthcare-related data element

Consolidated Clinical Document Architecture

a collection of healthcare document templates in XML format

Legal Health Record

a defined subset of all patient-specific data created or accumulated by a healthcare provider that may be released to third parties in response to a legally permissible request for patient information

Z-score

a standardized unit that provides the relative position of any observation in the distribution also the number of standard deviations that the observed value lies away from the mean

Prevalence

a statistical concept referring to the number of cases of a disease that are present in a particular population at a given time.

Data Validity

accuracy of the data

Patient Identity Data Integrity

accurately collected, entered, and queried

System of Record (SOR)

authoritative source of data about an entity

Data Reliability

consistency of the data The extent to which an experiment, test, or measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials. Many people check, come up with same results

Information Governance

controlling information

Data analytics process

data preparation data extraction dissemination

Information

data that has been filtered and put into context

"business rules"

define processes, data, and constraints (a rule that defines or constrains some aspect of business and always resolves to either true or false) i.e. - the unique patient identifier must be numeric

Qualitative Data

describes observations -all discrete variables -nominal -ordinal

data steward

ensure integrity of an organization's data serves as a bridge between IT, business, and clinical areas

data integrity

ensures data is not altered during transmission across a network or during storage

controlled vocabulary

ensures each term used in an EHR has a common meaning to all users

Authentication of a record

establishment of it's baseline trustworthiness

Deductive reasoning

if something is true of a class of things in general, it is also true for all members of that class. For example, "All men are mortal. Harold is a man. Therefore, Harold is mortal." For deductive reasoning to be sound, the hypothesis must be correct. It is assumed that the premises, "All men are mortal" and "Harold is a man" are true. Therefore, the conclusion is logical and true.

Data Stewardship

includes the evaluation of data collected based on business needs and strategy

Identity Matching Algorithm

key piece of data needed to link a patient who is seen in a variety of carre settings

serial # & serial unit #

new # each encounter

continuous data

no upper limt

Quantitative Data

numeric can be numerically counted deal w/ measurements -continuous or discrete -interval -ratio

ordinal data

position w/in a value set (1-5) The *order is meaningful* the number is not

Problem List

problems organized *numerically* in a problem-oriented health record

Vocabulary standards

provide clear descriptors of data elements to be included in computer based patient record systems

SNOMED CT

provides a standardized vocabulary for facilitating the development of computer based patient records

Quantitative Analysis

records missing the quality criterion of *completeness* will fail i.e. missing H&P

Inductive reasoning

refers to reasoning that takes specific information and makes a broader generalization that is considered probable, allowing for the fact that the conclusion may not be accurate.

Incidence

refers to the number of new cases that develop in a given period of time.

High Quality Healthcare Data must be

relevant, current, consistent

HIPAA Security Awareness & Training administrative safeguard

requiires implementation programs for: log-in monitoring password management security reminders

unit #

same # each encounter

Elements of Performance

specific performance expectations, structures, and processes that provide detailed information for each JC standards

confidentiality

the legal term used to define the protection of health information in a patient-provider relationship

Privacy

the legal term used to describe when a patient has the right to maintain control over certain personal information

Data Governance

the overarching authority for managing an organization's data assets framework: describes a real or conceptual structure that organizes a system or concept 1. establishing control and accountability for enterprise data 2. establishing and monitoring data policies 3. assigning data decision rights and accountabilities for data business case example: "data silos and fragmented data inhibit data integration"

Embedded Metadata

used to track data movement form one system to another

discrete data

whole #, w/ limit falls into categories