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How can we best characterize changes in the lives of middle class American children in the last decades of the 19th century?

A high school education became more common

The Gibson Girl of the 1890s personified what type of female image?

Active woman that was more independent than before?

Who best represented the American notion that through hard work, even a poor immigrant could become tremendously successful?

Andrew Carnegie

The urban revivalism of what celebrity preacher represented the early 20th fundamentalism movement?

Billy Sunday.

The developing of print advertising illustrates the significance of which late 19th century phenomenon?

Businesses creating demand for brand names

Which sport was the most controversial in the late 1800s?

College football

Why did so few African American men hold factory jobs in the United States in 1890?

Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants.

What factors were the critical determinants of workers' occupational opportunities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Gender and race

What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common?

Government troops helped put down both strikes

What did the term petticoat rule mean when it was used by antisuffragists in the early 20th century?

If granted the right to vote, women might cancel husband's votes.

In the late 19th century, the American Catholic hierarchy was dominated by what group?

Irish immigrants and Irish-Americans

Why was the Haymarket incident of 1886 significant?

It became a symbol of the international struggle for workers rights

Which late 19th century US Supreme Court rulings settled the question of African Americans access to regular first-class seats on American railroad cars until the 1950s?

Plessy vs. Ferguson

After the Civil War, Republican economic policies led to what result?

Prosperity across the north, south exploited internal colony?

New immigration patterns in the early 20th century reflected growing emigration from where?

Southern and Eastern Europe

The Supreme Court decision to overturn Granger laws in Wabash v. Illinois (1886) had what outcomes?

The enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

What did Andrew Carnegie, Gustavus Swift, and John D. Rockefeller have in common?

They succeeded through vertical integration

Realism and modernism had what characteristics in common?

This general philosophy encompassed scientific, political, and artistic views of the latter half of the 19th century.

Which arguments did Andrew Carnegie make in his famous 1889 essay "wealth" (later called the gospel of wealth")?

Though industrialization increased the gap between rich and poor, everyone's standard of living rose.

State Granger laws were designed primarily to do what?

To regulate grain elevator and railroad freight rates and rebates to address long and short haul discrimination

Elizabeth Cady Stanton's speech to Congress in 1892 on the "solitude of self" referred to what?

Womens rights??

Please characterize urban leisure in post-Civil War America?

YMCA, sports, music shows, department stores??

The United States had become the leading steel producer in the world by 1900 because of what?

because of the Bessemer process

How can we best describe the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in the late 19th century?

believed that alcohol was the cause of unemployment, disease, sex work, poverty, and violence against women and children.

How can we best summarize Booker T. Washington's approach to racial change in the United States?

he argued that African Americans should improve themselves through education, industrial training, and business ownership, and equal rights would naturally come later.

What were some of the consequences of mass production?

inflexible to consumer demand, disengaged workforce, difficult to restructure production

Why has the labor movement always been relatively weak in American politics?

most industrial workers live in urban areas and cities, which are underrepresented in Congress.

"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stopwatch." This statement by an iron molder refers to what concept?

pay by production, not hourly?

As the United States industrialized, the outdoors lost its association with danger and hard work and became newly associated with...

renewal?

How can we best characterize family life in the late 1800s?

shift towards children, gender roles, social status??

In the late 19th century, Social Darwinists, such as William Grahm Sumner, believed that...

the process of natural selection acting on variations in the population would result in the survival of the best competitors and in continuing improvement in the population.

Which region of the United States had responded to the women's voting rights movement by 1900?

various states and localities??

As American industry expanded in the late 18th century, its energy source shifted from what to what?

water to coal and oil

The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in 19th century California by doing what?

with the Chinese exclusion act?