Deaf Culture Chapters 1-5

What are the deep elements of culture?

- Customs - Social Etiquette - Conversational Discourse

What are the two different ways people look at the term "culture"?

- Diverse Groups in the U.S. -Unique ways workers are treated within a company

Why is Deafness viewed as a handicap by society?

Communication and attitudinal barriers.

What does the 90% formula state? List some examples of this formula.

That more than 90% of deaf children are born to hearing parents.

Around what time period did the term "Deaf Culture" emerge?

The 1980s.

Language is the ultimate bond that holds a community together.

True

As a part of Deaf culture, it is custom for a person to give information such as who is deaf, who is not, who went to deaf school and who did not and who grew up signing in order to __________.

-Help protect each other from potential harm from outsiders. -Identify important hallmarks of the Deaf community. -To clearly identify their connections to the Deaf community.

What two categories can culture throughout the world be divided into?

1. Collectivist Cultures 2. Individualist Cultures

What are the Five Hallmarks of a Culture?

1. Language 2. Family 3. Customs 4. Arts 5. Heritage

When on a school board at a state school for the deaf, Deaf people believe their hearing status should be listed next to their name. Give 2 reasons why they feel this way.

1. To demonstrate the school's commitment to include deaf people in its decision-making body 2. To provide hope and inspiration for others that deaf people can assume leadership positions in the community.

When was the concept of Deaf culture no longer a novelty, and when were courses on Deaf culture commonly taught in universities and colleges throughout America?

1990

How many people in the US are classified as "hearing impaired"?

36 million

What is De'VIA?

A Deaf Culture art movement.

In the Deaf Community, what does the term "HEARING-BUT" refer to?

A label designated for hearing people who have exhibited an extraordinarily positive attitude toward Deaf people and a deep respect for Deaf culture in general.

What country is the primary reason for the existence and perpetuation of the deaf community?

America

What is an example of a disability-related law?

Americans with Disabilities Act OR Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

What are the four domains the Deaf people must satisfy in order to achieve a comfortable place in the Deaf community?

Audiological, linguistic, social, and political

What is the final stage of cultural awareness and explain

Awareness stage: deaf people come to terms with being Deaf, they are at peace with themselves, they have achieved fuller control of their lives

According to A Lens of Deaf Identities, why do Deaf people have a long and difficult journey achieving a positive identity?

Because of the ignorance of many hearing parents and the professionals that work with them

Who are CODAs? How is their life different than Deaf children raised in a Deaf family?

Children of Deaf Adults. They are often negotiators between two cultures for their whole lives

Who are culturally isolated individuals?

Chooses not to be affiliated with the Deaf community

What is the first stage of cultural awareness and explain

Conformity, many members of oppressed groups spend years growing up trying to conform to society's expectations of their disenfranchised community. (shunning Deaf culture)

To be _________ Deaf, one undertakes a long and often difficult journey in discovering one's identity.

Culturally

How will Culturally Deaf people be distinguished from the general deaf population?

Culturally Deaf people will be distinguished by the capital "D," while the general deaf population will be distinguished by a lowercase "d."

Who are people who grew up without knowledge of the Deaf community?

Culturally captive

What are some acceptable terms hearing people may use when referring to deaf and hard-of-hearing people and those who lost their hearing later in life? What are some non-acceptable terms hearing people should avoid?

Deaf, HOH, Late-deafened are acceptable. Deafies, Deaf and dumb, Stone Deaf are unacceptable.

Give some examples of labels of the pathological view of deaf individuals.

Deaf-and-dumb, Deaf-mute, Prelingually deaf

What is the second stage of cultural awareness and explain

Dissonance: a person is exposed to the positive aspects of the stigmatized community for the first time, which triggers a reevaluation of his or her affiliation with this group of people

Who are culturally marginal individuals?

Does not feel at ease in the Deaf community, but does not feel part of the larger, hearing society either (somewhere between both worlds, not feeling as though they belong to either)

Deaf children from hearing families tend to be ranked higher in areas such as academics, language acquisition, and personal and social development than Deaf children from Deaf families.

False

Who are Deaf dominant bicultural individuals?

Function well around both Deaf and hearing people, but would choose to be with Deaf people who can sign

What is a composite identity?

Having multiple yet shared identities

Why hasn't Deaf culture been mainstreamed?

Hearing people tend to be ignorant.

Americans are considered to be ________ according to the author.

Individualist

Who are balance bicultural Deaf individuals?

Individuals who are truly comfortable living in both the Deaf and hearing communities

Who are hearing dominant bicultural deaf individuals?

Individuals who can function well within the Deaf community, but who for one reason or another, have relatively limited contacts with other Deaf people

What is the fourth stage of cultural awareness and explain

Introspection: begin to reexamine the extreme stance from the resistance and immersion stage, miss some aspects of their old lives, realize that their parents had good intentions.

What does it mean to have a half-empty glass viewpoint on Deafness?

It paints a negative picture of Deaf individuals.

What does it mean to have a half-full glass viewpoint on Deafness?

It paints a positive picture of Deaf individuals.

Who was the first scholar to propose the use of the capital D in "Deaf"?

James Woodward (1972)

What does a Deaf person go through to be culturally Deaf?

Journey of identity.

Which of the Five Hallmarks of a culture is the most crucial?

Language

How do hearing parents of a deaf child adjust the family dynamics?

Learn sign language, install visual alert systems (for doorbell and phone signals) and utilize specialized communication devices

What are some similarities between foreign-born individuals and Deaf people?

Neither has an easy access to English, both often need an interpreter.

Does the Deaf community accept the term, "hearing-impaired"? If not, why?

No because it is demeaning and tarnishes their image as capable individuals with a rich culture.

Does every deaf person use sign language or participate in the deaf community? If not, why? Does every person who identifies with the Deaf community have a severe or profound hearing loss?

No, because some people didn't become deaf until later in life. Not everyone who identifies in the deaf community has a hearing loss.

Where was the initial place of acculturation of the Deaf culture?

Residential schools

What is the third stage of cultural awareness and explain

Resistance and immersion: attempt to associate with people from their culture as much as possible. Become angry at the deception they were previously led to believe about others like them. (shun contact with mainstream culture because of the pain and self-hatred they endured growing up)

What are some terms that refer to Deaf people as a linguistic minority rather than having a disability?

Signing people, seeing people, people of the eye, ASL users

Who are culturally separate Deaf individuals?

Someone who intentionally keeps contacts with hearing people to a minimum

What is an example of a professionals' extreme advice concerning Deafness?

Surgery, such as cochlear implants.

Culture consists of more than just visual aspects.

TRUE

What did Kathryn Meadow propose in 1972 (and again in 1975)? What was her intention?

That the experiences of Deaf people could best be described as a subculture of the American culture. Her intention was to play Deaf culture among one of the many cultures under the umbrella of "American Culture".

What is an aspect of the common bonds shared by deaf people all over the world?

The challenge of growing up misunderstood, both literally and figuratively.

What are the differences between signed conversations and spoken conversations?

The rules regarding eye-contact while conversing

How did Stokoe, Casterline, and Croneberg describe typical experiences of deaf people living among the hearing community and what did this lead to?

They described typical experiences as frustrating, limiting, and demeaning. This often led to a migration toward the Deaf community

What are name signs based on in the Deaf community?

They reflect some aspect of the individuals personal appearance or behavior in a manner that may appear to be blatantly rude to outsiders of the Deaf community

What point of view is the book written in?

Third person.

What does "hard-of-hearing" mean to Deaf people, and what does the term mean to hearing people?

To Deaf people, it means someone who has some use of their residual hearing and relate their experiences to those of hearing people, whereas hearing people view HOH as something more related to Deaf people's experiences.

Why does the Deaf community frequently use the term "hearing"?

To describe people who are not deaf or HOH. (a label for non-deaf people)

For many deaf people, what is physically impossible to do? Can they benefit from hearing aids?

To distinguish between vowel sounds, hearing aids can be beneficial

What Was Ray K. Holcomb's goal when he published "Hazards of Deafness"?

To provide both deaf and hearing people with new insight into the Deaf community and its unique and distinct lifestyle

CODA stands for Child of Deaf Adults.

True

Dealing with oppression and the ignorance of hearing people are common experience of deaf people and are therefore often reflected as the focus of deaf art.

True

Who published the first dictionary of ASL and what did it include?

William Stokoe, Dorothy Casterline, and Carl Croneberg, included a section on the social and cultural characteristics that make up their linguistic community.

What did Jack Gannon write about in, "Deaf Heritage, A Narrative History of Deaf America"?

a detailed account of the way the Deaf community came into existence in America and how it has thrived despite oppression and discrimination.

When do Deaf children who are born to Deaf families get their initial exposure to Deaf culture?

immediately at birth

What does "deaf" with a lowercase "d" refer to, and what does "Deaf" with a capital "D" refer to?

lowercase d: the physiological condition of not hearing regardless of whether or not they choose to identify with the deaf community. Capital D: deaf individuals who use sign language as their primary mode of communication, identify with deaf culture, and participate in the Deaf community

What did Padden help us appreciate?

that language and culture cannot be separated, and that ASL was born out of Deaf people's desire to have an effective communication system

What was a core value of Deaf people that Padden identified?

the desire to be seen as a linguistic and cultural group of individuals, equal to their hearing peers, rather than to be defined by their deficiency.

When does enculturation occur for children who are not initially placed at a deaf school?

when they transfer to a deaf school at an older age (by the end of middle school or elementary school typically)

Based on research findings, is sign language usage beneficial to ALL deaf children?

yes