DEP EXAM 2

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that, in 2012, the highest fatality rates were for drivers ages:

16-19

According to the CDC, approximately ______% of those 85 and older suffer from arthritis.

56

28 A 65-year-old man smoked all his life and now has ____________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A prospective study of BMI and cancer risk showed that a high BMI is associated with a greater risk of which type of cancer?

Esophagus

Consistent with the ____________ model of aging and neuroplasticity, older adults are able to compensate by using the right hemisphere in processing language instead of the left.

HAROLD

Research examining the relationship between memory and stress found that people who experience daily stresses, regardless of age, also are likely to:

Have memory problems on the day they were stressed.

In solving everyday problems, older adults typically show which pattern of performance compared to younger adults?

Higher scores on problems of an interpersonal nature.

A woman is caring for her husband who suffers from advanced dementia. The National Institute of Aging would suggest that caregivers she should engage in which activity to help herself cope with caregiver burden?

Join a caregiver's support group.

Diabetes can be prevented and even treated by which behavior?

Monitoring weight and diet.

The measure of intelligence on which the SLS findings are based is the:

PMAT.

Diabetes can be traced to the abnormal functioning of which bodily organ?

Pancreas

In ________________ disease, the individual primarily suffers from disturbances in motor functioning, including having tremors, shuffling gait, and difficulties maintaining balance.

Parkinson's

The term dialectical thinking applies most closely to which concept based on Piaget's theory?

Post-formal operations

According to the Communication _______________ Model, older adults become less cognitively capable when they are spoken to in a condescending manner.

Predicament

The pragmatics of intelligence, in the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, emphasizes which type of abilities?

Solving real-life problems

Performance of older adults on the __________ task provides evidence of difficulties they experience in inhibiting irrelevant and potentially confusing information.

Stroop

Older bilingual speakers show performance deficits on which measure of executive functioning?

Stroop task

In Alzheimer's disease, neurofibrillary tangles cause what changes to occur within the brain?

Twisting of microtubules in the neurons.

The country with the highest percentage of obesity in the world is:

US

Which neurotransmitter is thought to be involved in the memory loss of Alzheimer's disease?

acetylcholine

The role of the central executive in working memory is to:

allocate cognitive resources to the task

The plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease are made up of which substance?

beta amyloid

Which theory of Alzheimer's disease proposed that beta amyloid releases an enzyme that causes neuronal death?

caspase

The findings on executive function and lifestyle factors from Whitehall II showed that people whose abilities declined the most also tended to:

consume large amounts of fruits and vegetables.

By using ___________ to guide them, older adults can compensate for age-related changes in memory and speed when comprehending language.

context

Bilingual adults benefit because the task-switching required by monitoring two languages strengthens their:

executive functioning

An analysis of cohort effects in the SLS by Gerstorf and colleagues showed that later-born cohorts had higher scores than earlier-born cohorts on almost all measures, suggesting the effect of:

exposure to technology.

In research on the attraction effect in problem solving, the findings suggest that older adult consumers are less likely to be influenced by:

extraneous factors

According to research on _____________ memory, older adults are able to remember distinctive historical events as well as do younger adults.

flashbulb

Psychologists diagnosing Alzheimer's disease look for which key symptom in its early stage?

forgetting names of good friends or family

The Trail Making Test is used in a neuropsychological assessment to evaluate the older adult's:

frontal lobe functioning.

The behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

harmful use of alcohol.

Research from the Institute of Highway Safety shows that older drivers in the U.S. faced with the challenge of making a left-hand turn while driving in a busy intersection are most likely to experience which outcome?

having an accident

The brain's default network, which processes internally-generated stimuli, includes which structure?

hippocampus

The effects of aging on working memory may be due to changes in which structure of the brain?

hippocampus

Older adults who have a low sense of memory controllability because they believe that memory decline is inevitable can also be thought of as high in:

identity accommodation

The tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter," or an inability to:

inhibit irrelevant information.

The ______________ hypothesis proposes that older adults are disproportionately slower on tasks that are more difficult.

inhibitory control

Problems in everyday life that are the easiest to solve for older adults are those that:

involve definite, well-stated goals.

In the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm, working memory would be considered to represent the __________ of intelligence

mechanics

Findings on the effects of age on memory for events from the long-ago past, or remote memory, show that:

memories from events in the distant past are no better than from the present

Through the role of the hormone IGF-1, having _______________ may place older adults at risk of cognitive decline.

metabolic syndrome

In an n-back task, used to assess working memory, participants are asked to:

name earlier items presented in a series.

The General Slowing Hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower primarily because of:

nervous system changes

In general, guidelines for receiving cancer screening recommend that patients undergo systematic tests:

only as indicated by research guidelines.

A 72-year-old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, thus increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as:

osteoarthritis.

The condition known as _________ may increase the risk of cognitive disorders developing in older adults by overdiagnosis of prescription drugs.

polypharmacy

An 82-year-old man constantly feels sad, demoralized, and worthless. He also is experiencing significant memory problems. Based on this pattern of symptoms, physician examining Mr. Grah should take care to rule out which possible cause of his memory loss?

pseudodementia

The enzymes that normally trim the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to make it flush with the neuron's outer membrane are the:

secretases.

The model of self-regulation and driving predicts that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of:

self-confidence and need for independence

Older adults who have a low sense of memory ________________, the feeling that they cannot perform well on a memory test, are likely to have poorer scores when their memory is actually tested

self-efficacy

Unlike younger adults, neither middle-aged nor older individuals show a benefit to memory of having a greater amount of _______ sleep:

slow wave

Researchers believe that the APP gene contributes to Alzheimer's disease by causing faulty:

snipping of amyloid proteins

Making older adults conscious about their age during a memory test is likely to trigger the condition known as _____________ in which their performance actually becomes worse.

stereotype threat

Higher scores on verbal fluency and working memory were found among a sample of people employed as __________ in a study carried out in the Netherlands.

teachers

The ability to respond to stimuli in the periphery, relevant to the driving skills of older adults, is called:

useful field of view

Instruction manuals that use terms that are ________ are particularly challenging for older adults.

vague

Virtual reality memory training, in which older adults simulated walking through various places, was found to benefit which type of cognitive ability?

verbal memory

Changes in which cognitive function may affect the ability of older adults to put words together, while speaking, into a sentence?

working memory