development

The nurse is interviewing the mother of Adam, 9 years old. As the nurse begins to assess Adam's school performance, what is the most appropriate question to ask?

"How is Adam doing in school Asking how Adam is doing in school is an open-ended question without any descriptive terms that may limit the mother's responses. Asking if Adam went to preschool is a close-ended question, which will elicit a yes or no answer. Asking if Adam has problems at school is a close-ended question that implies that Adam is not doing well. Asking how well Adam seems to be doing in school is a close-ended question that will have a short answer and assumes that Adam is doing well.

A child is 50 cm (20 inches) long in the second month of infancy. The nurse checks the baby 2 months later and finds healthy growth in the child. Approximately how long would the baby be at 4 months?

55 cm Until 6 months after birth, infants should grow 2.5 cm every month, so this 50-cm baby would to grow by 5 cm in 2 months. Therefore the baby should be 55 cm in length by 4 months of age. If the child is only 52 cm, then the nurse should assess the child's nutritional status to determine whether caloric needs are being met. If the child is 57 cm or 60 cm, the nurse should assess the parents' height first. The baby may be longer because of greater than average parental height. If this is not the case, then the nurse should assess the child's endocrine system for growth problems.

The nurse is speaking to a group in the community about psychosocial development according to Erikson's life span approach. The nurse instructs the group not to impose too many expectations on a child because the child may develop an inferiority complex. What age group of children is nurse referring to here?

6-12 yrs Erikson's life span approach categorized childhood into five stages. Industry versus Inferiority is the fourth stage of development the crucial stage attained by children 6 to 12 years of age. Children at this stage are workers and producers, and they initiate and complete work aiming at real achievement. The child may feel inferior if parents impose many expectations on the child. The second stage is autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 3 years), when children increase their ability to control their bodies and their environment and use their mental powers in decision making. Negative feelings develop when children are made to feel low and when others shame them. Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years) is when children explore the physical world with all their senses and powers and may feel guilt when parents make their child feel their behaviors are bad. Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years) is the stage when rapid and marked physical changes occur. Adolescents struggle to fit the roles they have played and those they expect to play. When the ability to resolve these conflicts fails, it leads to role confusion.

The parent of an 8-year-old child is worried about their child's stealing behavior. The parent informs the nurse that they have punished the child several times for stealing, but the child still repeats the act. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

Advise the parents to give a reasonable punishment including returning the stolen item Stealing can be expected in children 5 to 8 years of age as their sense of property rights is limited. They may steal things simply because they are attracted to them. Parents should be advised to admonish such behavior and give a reasonable punishment like asking the children to return the stolen items. This would be enough for most children to learn from

A nurse is examining a toddler and is discussing with the mother psychosocial development according to Erikson's theories. Based on the nurse's knowledge of Erikson, what is the most age-appropriate activity to suggest to the mother at this stage?

Allow the toddler to start making choices about what to wear A toddler is developing autonomy and is able to start making some choices about what he or she can wear. A toddler is developing autonomy and focusing on doing things for himself or herself and therefore would not want the mother to feed him or her. The child is at the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt, as defined by Erikson. At this age, the mother should provide opportunities for the child to be active and learn by experience and imitation. Providing toys the child can control will help achieve this stage. A toddler might easily become overstimulated by images from TV and loud sounds. Toddlers are more interested in manipulating and learning from objects in the environment.

The nurse plans to use tasks based on the concept of conservation to assess the cognitive development of a 5-year-old child. What is the appropriate method used by the nurse?

Asking the child to compare two differently sized glasses of water According to Piaget, the school-age child uses thought processes to experience events and actions. They understand the concept of conservation and differentiate things based on their volume, size, and area. To assess the cognitive development in the child, the nurse can ask the child to compare two different sized glasses of water to determine which has more.

8. The nurse should teach volunteers in the after-school program that which characteristic is most descriptive of the social development of school-age children?

Children frequently have "best friends." Same-sex peers form relationships that encourage sharing of secrets and jokes and coming to each other's aid

The nurse is developing a teaching plan about preventing fetal exposure to teratogens. Which teratogenic agents or conditions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Cocaine Ethyl alcohol Hyperthermia Phenytoin (Dilantin) Isotretinoin (Accutane) Teratogens (agents that cause birth defects when present in the prenatal environment) account for the majority of adverse intrauterine effects not attributable to genetic factors. Types of teratogens include drugs (phenytoin [Dilantin], warfarin [Coumadin], isotretinoin [Accutane]); chemicals (ethyl alcohol, cocaine, lead); infectious agents (rubella, cytomegalovirus); physical agents (maternal ionizing radiation, hyperthermia); and metabolic agents (maternal PKU). Many of these teratogenic exposures and the resulting effects are completely preventable, such as ingestion of alcohol resulting in fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects, which causes severe birth defects, including cognitive impairment. The incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome is estimated at 5.2 per 10,000 live births (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2000). Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is not included in the teaching.

A mother tells the nurse that her daughter's favorite toy is a large, empty box that contained a stove. She plays "house" in it with her toddler brother. Based on the nurse's knowledge of growth and development, the nurse recognizes that this is what?

Creative play that should be encouraged This type of play should be encouraged. After children create something new, they can then transfer it to other situations. There should be some supervision to prevent injury or accidents. As long as the play is supervised, it should be encouraged.

The nurse assesses a child in a group who is playing alone and has no awareness of other children playing. Which trait develops during this type of play?

Creativity When the child plays alone regardless of what other children are doing, it is considered solitary play, and creativity results from solitary play. Morality develops when a child learns right from wrong during play. Socialization develops when a child plays in a group and learns to develop give-and-take activity. Self-awareness occurs when the child learns to develop his or her own abilities and compare them with others.

The nurse is interacting with the parents of a newborn who is diagnosed with Down syndrome. What explanation should the nurse provide to the parents about the genetic disorder?

Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. Down syndrome is an intellectual disability caused by aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is a condition characterized by the presence or absence of an extra chromosome. Therefore the presence of extra chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome in the newborn. The deficiency of folic acid results in neural tube defects in the newborn. X-linked recessive gene disorder results from the presence of a defective gene on the X-chromosome of a carrier mother. Down syndrome is not caused by inheritance of an autosomal recessive gene. It occurs because of the defect in the chromosomal count in an individual.

Parents of a 12-year-old child inform the nurse that their child prefers spending more time with friends rather than with family members. What should the nurse inform the child's parents?

During this age, children enjoy the company of their peers. Middle school-aged children tend to spend more time with their peers and enjoy their company rather than spending time with family members. Children 12 years of age and older want to be independent and tend to reject some of the parental values. The child is comfortable spending time with peers and interacting with them. Therefore the nurse cannot infer that children of age 12 years do not like social gatherings or interacting with others. Avoiding spending time with family members does not indicate that the children are more focused on their studies. However, peer influence may cause distraction from studies in some children during middle school age.

What do nursing interventions to promote health during middle childhood include?

Educating the child and parents to the need for good dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt Because the permanent teeth are present, it is important for the child to learn how to care for these teeth. Caloric needs are diminished; however, a balanced diet is important to prepare for the adolescent growth spurt. Parents should approach sex education with a life span approach and respond to a child's questions with an answer appropriate to the child's age. School-age children often need to be reminded to go to sleep.

The nurse is discussing toddler development with a parent. Which intervention will foster the achievement of autonomy?

Encourage the toddler to do things for himself or herself when he or she is capable of doing them Toddlers have an increased ability to control their bodies, themselves, and the environment. Autonomy develops when children complete tasks of which they are capable. To successfully achieve autonomy, the toddler needs to have a sense of accomplishment

The parent expresses to the nurse that the child refuses to go to sleep, repeatedly gets out of bed, and wakes up very late in the morning. Which nursing intervention is helpful to manage sleep disturbances in the child?

Enforce consistent limits about the child's bedtime behavior The nurse should suggest the parents enforce consistent limits regarding the child's bedtime behavior. These may include turning off the television one hour before bedtime and eating a light snack or having a small glass of milk before sleep.

. The parents tell the nurse that their child experiences dizziness during the school day. The child does not have this symptom during weekends. The nurse assesses the child and asks the parents to observe the child for symptoms over the holidays. What does the nurse suspect the child to have?

Fear about school School phobia or fear of going to school is a condition where children experience dizziness, headaches, or nausea on school days and have no symptoms on days off. The nurse should therefore tell the parents to observe the child during holidays when there is time away from school.

The parent reports to the nurse that their child throws temper tantrums whenever the child wants something. Which instruction provided by the nurse is most likely to help?

Give comfort when the child calms down Temper tantrums are common during the toddler years and essentially represent the normal growth and development of the child. The nurse should instruct the parents to be calm and tell the child in a polite and positive way why the child cannot have what is desired.

Which statement about early childhood caries (ECC) is correct?

Giving a bottle of milk or juice at naptime or bedtime predisposes the child to this syndrome Sweet liquids pooling in the mouth during sleep cause dental caries

The nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular immunization to a 5-year-old child. The child says to the approaching nurse, "Please don't do that. My blood can leak out from my body and I may die." Which is the best response of the nurse to the boy?

I will apply a bandage; it will not allow blood to come out It is important for the nurse to know that preschoolers have little knowledge about their internal anatomy and body boundaries. So, they believe that any intrusive procedures that break their skin integrity such as injections can lead to leaking out of their blood and they may die. Therefore the nurse should talk about their fears and inform them that a bandage would be applied, which would stop the bleeding

The parents of a 7-month-old infant report to the nurse that the solid food they feed to the baby passes through the gastrointestinal tract unchanged. Which response of the nurse would help to relieve the parent's anxiety?

In a 7-month-old infant, the digestive processes are immature and solid food is not completely digested. As a result of underdeveloped digestion, solid foods pass through without being digested into feces. It is a normal finding at this age. By the end of the first year, the infant will be able to digest food

The nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about developmental patterns of neonates. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that appl

Infants have structural control of the head before the trunk. Infants use their eyes before they use their hands Postnatal development happens in a cephalocaudal pattern, from the head to the feet. Infants use or develop their eyes before gaining control of their hands. Infants are able to first hold their head up, and then they can stabilize their trunk. In this development pattern, infants have control of their hands first and then gain control of their feet. Infants observe objects first using their eyes and then with their hands. Infants must be able to control their back before they can stand erect.

A mother observes that her 7-month-old infant bears full weight on the feet when held in a standing position. What is the reason for this?

It indicates that the child's growth and development is normal A 7-month-old infant bearing full weight on feet when held in a standing position is a normal developmental milestone. By 8 months the infant can readily bear weight on legs when supported and may stand holding onto furniture. It does not indicate that the infant may begin walking within 2 months. A 12-month-old infant can walk with one hand held. The observation does not indicate that the infant's physical development is slow. Nor do the assessment findings reflect that the infant's upper physical development has not occurred properly. The assessment findings are suggestive of age-appropriate development in the child.

A child is assessed and categorized in the industry versus inferiority stage according to Erikson's theory. The nurse compares the child with Freud's psychosexual development theory. At what stage would the child be categorized in Freud's theory?

Latency In Erikson's theory, the industry versus inferiority stage includes children 6 to 12 years old. The stage in Freud's theory that matches this age group is the latency stage. The anal stage of Freud's theory corresponds to the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage of Erikson's theory. The phallic stage of Freud's theory corresponds to initiative versus guilt, and the genital stage of Freud's theory corresponds to the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory.

Which activity of a 10-month-old infant indicates the development of object permanence?

Looking for a hidden object that the infant had seen earlier At the age of 9 to 10 months, object permanence is developed in infants. This means that they will look for the object that they had seen before and is now hidden. It indicates cognitive development in the infant. Grasping the feet and pulling them to the mouth, picking up a toy and putting it into the mouth, and transferring the objects from one hand to the other indicate development of fine motor skill in the infant.

The nurse is caring for a 2-day-old neonate who is healthy but has a low body temperature. The nurse instructs the infant's mother to place the unclothed infant on her bare chest. Which finding in the infant indicates ineffective management of the infant's condition?

Metabolic acidosis The neonate has hypothermia, and therefore the nurse instructs the mother to perform kangaroo care, in which the unclothed infant is placed on the mother's bare chest. This ensures improved thermoregulation and improves the complications of hypothermia. The presence of metabolic acidosis is a symptom of hypothermia. Hypoglycemia is caused by hypothermia in the infant. The normal weight of a healthy neonate at birth is approximately 7.5 lbs. By one year of age, the infant's weight normally triples to 21 lbs.

During a routine checkup, a couple tells the nurse that their child enjoys watching other children play at preschool, but does not readily participate. What can the nurse conclude about the child's engagement of play from this description of behavior?

Onlooker play the child's parents are describing onlooker play, which involves eagerly observing the activities of others without participating in the activity. Solitary play is characterized by a tendency of a child to play alone with his or her own toys, without particular interest in the toys or activities of other children. During parallel play, a child may play with share toys and do the same activity as another child, but the children are still playing independently and the child likes to play with the same kind of toys as other child. However, both the children play independently. During associative play, the child plays in coordination with other children and strives to win the game.

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 5-year-old child about the importance of providing sex education to children. What suggestion should the nurse include in the teaching?

Read age-appropriate sex education booklets along with the child Sex education makes the child more responsible. Age-appropriate sex education booklets are available in public libraries. These books help satisfy the curiosity of children

The nurse is assessing a child and asks the child to climb the chairs to check for motor development. What is the age group of the child that the nurse is assessing?

Report to the child welfare department as it can be a case of child abuse Confer with the health care provider and admit the child into the hospital immediately The parent has brought the child to the hospital with flu-like symptoms and fever. However, the child has a fractured forearm and bruises on the body, which are not reported by the parent. Therefore the nurse should suspect child abuse in this case as the history is not consistent with the presentation. The nurse should speak with the health care provider to immediately admit the child to the hospital to prevent any further injury. As the nurse is a mandatory reporter, the nurse should report this to the child welfare department. It would be inappropriate to send the child back home with the parent for any reason (i.e., to give an antihistamine, monitor the temperature, or wait to assess for asthma).

The nurse is teaching a group of school teachers about a smoking ban in schools. Which statements does the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

Smoking bans discourage students from starting to smoke Smoking bans promote a smoke-free environment as the norm. Smoking bans reinforce knowledge of the health hazards of smoking Smoking bans are the public policies and regulations that prohibit tobacco and cigarette smoking in public and work places. Smoking bans in schools accomplish several goals, such as discouraging students from smoking and reinforcing knowledge of the health hazards of cigarette smoking. They also promote a smoke-free environment as the norm. Use of pharmacologic agents is not included in smoking bans and is inappropriate for children and adolescents. Smoking bans used in schools need not explain the effects of tobacco smoke on fetal health. This information should be provided to pregnant women.

The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child with delayed motor development. The nurse notes that the child stands with a wide base. What does the nurse interpret from this finding?

The child has impaired balance of the body. The child with impaired balance may walk with a wide base to support the body weight. The child with extreme weakness of the lower limb muscles would not be able to stand at all. The child with impaired sensation does not have a wide-based stance. Such children tend to walk with a stomping gait. The child with impaired depth perception may not be able to climb or descend stairs. An impaired gait pattern will not affect the stance of the child.

The parents of a 3-year-old child are worried as their child seems to have imaginary friends. They report that their child talks to friends who do not exist. What should the nurse tell the parents?

The child's behavior is normal for a girl her age Usually, children in the age group of 2 to 3 years have imaginary friends. The nurse should reassure the parents that it is completely normal for the child to have such friends. It is in fact a sign of health that helps the child to differentiate make believe and reality. Children with imaginary friends do not need psychiatric referral or admission into the hospital.

Which activity does the nurse expect to observe in a 4-month-old infant?

The infant grasps an object by using both hands A 4-month-old infant has the ability to grasp objects with both hands. A 4-month-old infant is unable to secure an object by pulling on a string due to lack of fine motor skills. The infant is unable to transfer objects from one hand to the other or compare two cubes by bringing them together due to lack of developmental skills. At this age, the infant's muscle coordination is not well developed for performing these activities. An 8-month-old infant is able to secure an object by pulling on a string. A 7-month-old infant is able to transfer objects from one hand to the other. A 9-month-old infant is able to compare two cubes by bringing them together.

The nurse observes that a toddler is exhibiting stress due to hospitalization. Which nursing action is most applicable for the toddler?

The nurse allows the child to bring a blanket from home A major problem in the toddler age-group is separation anxiety. This happens when parents leave for periods of time either because work, day care, or hospitalization. The nurse should observe the child carefully and try to alleviate the toddler's fears. One important intervention is to provide transitional objects for the child to make him or her feel comfortable. Transitional objects may be a child's favorite toy or blanket. This will provide the child security because it reminds the child of home.

the nurse notices a child refuses to drink milk at the hospital. When the nurse asks the child about it, the nurse discovers that at home the child drinks milk in a small glass. What is the most acceptable nursing intervention?

The nurse pours the milk into a small glass for the child to drink The inability to conserve is one of the characteristics of preoperational thoughts in toddlers. They cannot process the fact that a small and a large glass can contain the same amount of liquid. They just see that the smaller glass is full and the larger glass is half empty. Therefore it is better to pour the milk into a small glass and then give it to the child. It is unethical to force or frighten the child, and the child may become frightened of the nurse. If the child does not want to drink milk from a large glass, the child will not drink even if the parent gives it. Telling the child that the milk in both glasses is same may not be useful as the child may not have adequate cognitive development to understand it.

The health care provider has prescribed a liquid iron supplement for an infant with iron deficiency. What advice does the nurse give to the parents to prevent the infant's teeth from staining from the liquid iron supplement?

Use a dropper toward the back of the mouth Liquid iron supplements may stain the teeth, so the nurse should advise the parents to administer the liquid iron supplement with a dropper toward the back of the mouth.

An adolescent is brought to the hospital by the parent. The adolescent has a slump and cannot sit upright. On examination, the nurse finds a painless curvature of spine side to side. What should the nurse advise the parent?

Your child has scoliosis and needs to see the primary health care provider Altered posture is seen in many adolescents. This occurs because the skeletal growth is rapid when compared to muscular growth in teenagers. As a result they may have a slump and may not be able to sit upright. One of such abnormality is scoliosis, where there is a painless side-to-side curvature of the spine. Although most of the curvatures do not require treatment, it is difficult to know how these curvatures would progress. Therefore all the curvatures of spine should be referred to a health care provider for further assessment.

The nurse is caring for a child who is hospitalized with bruises on the soles of her feet and on her back. The nurse observes that the child is not ready to return home and is scared of her parents. What could be the possible reason for the child's behavior?

abuse at home Bruises on the soles, feet, and back indicate that the child is being physically abused. The fact that the child is unwilling to go home and is afraid of her parents is evidence that the child is being abused by her parents at home. If the child is unwilling to go to school or afraid of her teachers, then the nurse could assume the child is being abused at school. If the child is scared of hospitals, she would be ready to go home as soon as possible.

The nurse is reviewing Erikson's theory about the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage. The nurse is trying to correlate it to Freud's psychosexual theory. Which stage would the nurse review in Freud's theory?

anal When the nurse is reviewing the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage in Erikson theory, it refers to a toddler. The corresponding level in Freud's theory for the toddler's psychosexual developmental stage is the anal stage, when the toddler is toilet trained. The oral stage in Freud's theory represents infancy, from birth to 1 year, and is the trust versus mistrust stage in Erikson's theory. The phallic stage in Freud's theory represents early childhood, 3 to 6 years of age, or initiative versus guilt in Erikson's theory. Latency in Freud's theory represents middle childhood, 6 to 12 years, or industry versus inferiority in Erikson's theory.

The nurse is assessing a 16-year-old obese adolescent. The clinical reports indicate high serum triglyceride levels. The nurse advises the adolescent to undergo an electrocardiogram (ECG). The reason behind this is because the adolescent is at risk for what

cardiac disease high levels of triglyceride serum and obese are major factors for cardiovascular disease in adolescent. ecg to determine presence of cardiovascular disease

A child has learned to put on his shoes by remembering that the buckle is to be placed outside the foot. Which possible developmental theory can be used to explain this behavior?

cognitive development The theory of cognitive development explains the process of learning and the ability to perform tasks by using logical thinking. The ability to put on shoes properly and place the buckle in the right place requires logical thinking.

During their school-age years, children best understand concepts that can be seen or illustrated. The nurse knows this type of thinking is termed as what

concrete operations Black-and-white reasoning involves a situation in which only two alternatives are considered, when in fact there are additional options. Preoperational thinking is concrete and tangible. During the school-age years, children deal with thoughts and learn through observation. They do not have the ability to do abstract reasoning and learn best with illustration. Thought at this time is dominated by what the school-age child can see, hear, or otherwise experience. School-age rhetoric simply refers to the type of ideas that arise out of the years children attend school. Formal operations are characterized by the adaptability and flexibility that occurs during the adolescent years.

A sexually active adolescent asks the school nurse about prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). What should the nurse recommend?

condom use Condoms provide a barrier to the organisms that cause STIs. Prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended; they are only effective against bacteria, not viruses. Only condoms create a physical barrier that prevents contact with the organisms, not the withdrawal method or any other type of contraception method.

When caring for an individual with anorexia nervosa, what is the most important nursing intervention?

correct malnutrition Correcting malnutrition is the priority goal of treatment. The individual with anorexia nervosa probably would not be receptive to encouragement because of the complex etiology of the disorder.

Apnea of infancy has been diagnosed in an infant who will soon be discharged with home monitoring. When teaching the parents about the infant's care, what is the most important information the nurse should include in the discharge teaching plan?

cpr CPR is essential for parents and caregivers to know. Most likely the child will not have venous access; thus home IV therapy is not necessary. The monitor is insulated and grounded. The parents should arrange for other caregivers to help out. Everyone needs to be taught how to use the monitoring equipment and how to perform CPR.

What should the nurse working in an outpatient surgery center for children understand?

families need to be prepared for what to expect after discharge. Discharge instructions should be provided in both written and oral form. They need to include normal responses to the procedure and when to notify the practitioner if untoward reactions are occurring. Although anxiety may be reduced because of the lack of an overnight stay, the child will still experience the stress associated with a medical procedure. The waiting period while the child is having the procedure is a very stressful time for families. Discharge teaching is a responsibility of both the surgeon and the nursing staff.

What is the nurse's best approach for effective communication with a preschool age child through?

play Play is the child's way to learn to understand and adjust to situations.

The nurse is assessing a child who has frequent headaches. The nurse teaches breathing exercises to the child to help relieve the headaches. What condition in the child is the nurse trying to treat?

stress Children at different developmental stages undergo different types of stress that manifests as abdominal pain, headaches, and breathlessness. These symptoms can be relieved by practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing.

A preschooler is diagnosed with terminal stage bronchial carcinoma. What would the child consider the most probable reason for the condition?

the child would consider it to be a punishment for his or her own actions Preschoolers tend to believe that their thoughts or actions are sufficient to cause death or disease. Therefore, the child is most likely to think that the disease is a punishment for the child's action. This may result in the child feeling guilty. The nurse should help parents to understand this kind of reaction of their child and encourage them to be with the child. The child will not blame the parents or grandparents for the condition. The child is too young to understand the pathophysiology of the disease.

During assessment of a 7-month-old child, the nurse checks the child's height and weight and compares them with previous assessment records. The nurse finds that the child's height has increased by 1.25 cm, and the weight is 140 g more than in the previous month. What does the nurse infer from this observation?

the child's height and weight are ideal The nurse should regularly check the height and weight of the child and compare them with previous assessment records. These comparisons help the nurse identify genetic defects that can affect the child's growth and development. A child gains 140 g in weight, and height increases by 1.25 cm every month from ages 6 to 12 months. Therefore this child has an ideal height and weight. Down syndrome is characterized by a slower growth rate. The child is having age-appropriate increases in height and weight and thus does not have Down syndrome. Calcium deficiency decreases bone density and causes fractures in children. The nurse cannot determine whether the child has calcium deficiency by assessing height and weight.

During the assessment of a 12-month-old infant, the nurse finds that the infant's head and chest circumference are equal, the length of the infant has increased by 50% since birth, and the weight is triple that of the birth weight. What does the nurse interpret from these findings

the infant has normal development A 12-month-old infant has equal head and chest circumference. In a 12-month-infant, there is an increase in birth length by 50% and increase in weight three times that of birth weight. So, the nurse should interpret from these findings that the infant has normal development. Inability to gain weight indicates slow development. Development of the infant is normal according to standard parameters. Thus it does not indicate that the infant lacks dietary protein.