Developmental Psych. Ch5: Early Childhood Body & Mind

Montessori schools emphasize: artistic expression. individual pride and accomplishment. pretend and dramatic play. group activities and projects.

individual pride and accomplishment

Kindergarten is typically funded locally and therefore is not always available. Approximately _____ of the 50 United States are required to offer all parents the option of full-day kindergarten. 38 19 27 13

13

Stacey has a vocabulary of about 500 words, and she frequently asks, "What's that?" How old is Stacey likely to be? 4 2 6 3

2

The 2-year-old brain weighs _____ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood. 55 25 75 30

75

Which early-education approach focuses on the artistic, creative drive in each child and is reported to provide a "science-rich context"? Montessori interventionist-based Reggio Emilia Head Start

Reggio Emilia

In order to foster balanced bilingualism, what do children need? appreciation of both languages and cultures regular opportunities to speak both languages scaffolding in both languages All of these are correct.

all of these

Because the _____ is not well connected to more reflective parts of the brain, many children may become terrified of something in their imagination. basal ganglia myelin amygdala corpus callosum

amygdala

Vygotsky proposed that an important role of language is to: communicate needs. assist with cognitive development. communicate feelings. assist with written expression.

assist with cognitive development

When does a child's appetite decrease in childhood? between ages 7 and 9 years old between ages 10 and 14 years old between ages 6 months and 1 year old between ages 2 and 6 years old

between ages 2 and 6 years old

A color-matching activity is within Cleo's zone of proximal development. In other words, Cleo: can perform this activity with guidance from her mother. can already do this task without help. will be able to help her peers perform this activity. needs direct teaching in order to learn the task.

can perform this activity with guidance from her mother

According to theory-theory: young children understand what other people are thinking. even very young children are capable of abstract thought. children want logical definitions. children need explanations of things they see and hear.

children need explanations of things they see and hear

Angela is 5 years old and witnessed the robbery of a gas station. Which technique is NOT advisable for an interviewer? to show empathy and active listening when Angela speaks to show warmth and expressive attentiveness to Angela when asking her questions to listen carefully to Angela when asking her questions to demand answers of Angela in a stern manner

demand answers of Angela in a stern manner

Brain maturation and motor skill development are directly involved in daily activities practiced by young children. It is important to remember that many young children may have difficulty multitasking cognitive and motor tasks, such as talking and getting dressed. Parents should be patient in these instances because: children are learning all the time and do certain tasks with intentionality. children speak and do things at their own pace. everything is slower as children's brains are not yet myelinated enough for them to perform these tasks quickly. children are more likely to forget if things are done quickly.

everything is slower as children's brains are not yet myelinated enough for them to perform these tasks quickly.

Overregularization demonstrates a child's understanding of: theory of mind. syntax. grammar. vocabulary.

grammar

The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to: engage children in long-term projects. ensure that all children have the same basic ability level. help get all children "ready to learn." foster individual pride and accomplishment.

help get all children "ready to learn"

The body mass index (BMI, the ratio of weight to height): is generally high at age 7. is lower at age 5 than at any other age in the life span. peaks at age 3. peaks at age 4.

is lower at age 5 than any other age in the life span

Developmentalists advise parents and teachers against switching a child's handedness, such as forcing a left-handed child to write with the right hand because it not only causes conflict but also interferes with: lateralization. the corpus callosum. mental combinations. cognitive processing.

lateralization

A young child who states that "butter is made by butterflies" and "birds grow birdseed" is trying to use: scaffolding. theory of mind. social mediation. logical extension.

logical extension

Current research evaluating Head Start children found that academic benefits faded by first grade. One possible explanation is that: the program is no longer federally funded, so the quality has deteriorated. more boys are in the program, so gender-based differences in cognitive development could be the issue. many of the children in the comparison group are now enrolled in some other early-childhood program. various programs refuse to participate in the legislated requirements.

many of the children in the comparison group are now enrolled in some other early-childhood program.

An experimenter who begins with two equal balls of clay and then changes the shape of one is likely testing for conservation of: volume. number. matter. length

matter

One of the benefits of the maturation of the prefrontal cortex that occurs from age 2 to age 6 is: improved understanding of facial expressions. increased perseveration. increased impulsiveness. more regular sleep.

more regular sleep

Peet and his uncle were walking in the woods, when Peet suddenly exclaimed "Look! Deers!" His exclamation would be BEST described as an example of what aspect of language development in early childhood? overregularization inappropriate use of articles fast-mapping generalization

overregulization

Theory of mind develops more quickly in children who have: more toys. siblings .educated parents. insecure attachments.

siblings

Which condition makes early childhood ideal for language development? increased brain weight parent-child attachment social interaction being worry-free

social interaction

In the puppy in the box experiment, what was the reason for most 3-year-olds thinking that Max the doll would look in the blue box upon his return? They believed that they controlled things that they do not. They do not understand reversibility. They could not understand that the doll does not have feelings. They lack a theory of mind.

they lack theory of mind

A valuable trait of young children that aids in language development is that they: have empathy for others. uncritically talk a lot. understand conservation. are careful about pronouncing new words correctly.

uncritically talk a lot

Research on active Head Start programs found that such programs' benefits were MOST evident for children: from middle-class families. with the lowest family income. whose parents have advanced college degrees. with the highest family income.

with the lowest family income