Developmental Psych Exam #3 Quizzes and Answers

3

Aili is aware that she should attend closely to her teacher's directions, group items when memorizing, and reread a complicated paragraph to make sure she understands it. But she does not always engage in these activities. Aili is not yet good at 1. selective attention. 2. applying memory strategies. 3. cognitive self-regulation. 4. metacognition

2

As Sunni plays, she says: "Where's the cup? I want the cup. Oh, there it is. Now, I need the spoon." Sunni is engaging in what researchers now call __________ speech. 1. social 2. private 3. subvocal 4. inner

1

At preschool, it is Tyler's fourth birthday. Although Christine is only 3, she insists that she is older then Tyler because she is taller than Tyler. Christine focuses on only height as a measure of age. This is an example of 1. centration. 2. animism. 3. executive competence. 4. irreversibility

2

Mark is 4 years old and sees a picture of a young girl. His mother uses Photoshop to change her hair gray and asks if she is now a grandmother. Based on your knowledge of pre-operational thinking, Mark would reply: 1. "No silly, she' a little girl." 2. "Yes, she has gray hair like my grandmother." 3. "I don't know; it's a boy now." 4. Children at Mark's age do not understand young and old and thus would be unable to understand the question

1

Mrs. Markie, a first-grade teacher, believes that, from the beginning, children should be exposed to text in its complete form so that they can appreciate the communicative function of written language. Mrs. Markie takes a ___________ approach to teaching reading. 1. whole-language 2. phonics 3. reciprocal 4. hierarchical

1

Nora's teacher thinks she has a behavior problem. As a result, Nora starts to believe that she is a troublemaker and begins to act out in the classroom. This is an example of a(n) 1. educational self-fulfilling prophecy. 2. stereotype threat. 3. collaborative identification. 4. educational bias

4

Preschoolers' self-concepts largely consist of 1. talents. 2. personality traits. 3. temperamental qualities. 4. observable characteristics

4

When shown a LEGO structure made to look like a crayon, 3-year-old Astrid said that the object "really and truly" wasa crayon. Astrid is having trouble with 1. class inclusion. 2. hierarchical classification. 3. conservation. 4. the appearance-reality distinction

2

Which of the following current average-weight children is most likely to become an obese adolescent & adult? 1. Lauralee, whose biological parents are average weight but whose adoptive parents are obese 2. Steward, who is from a low-income family and is a heavy TV viewer 3. Donato, who was breastfed until the age of 2 4. Donna, whose parents are vegetarians

2

Which of the following is exhibiting proactive/instrumental aggression? 1. Joey, who hits his sister because he wants to hurt her. 2. Karen, who shoves Benjamin down, to get to the slides first. 3. Lynette, who kicks her older brother because he kicked her first to hurt him. 4. Seth, who spreads rumors about Bryan so people won't like him

4

While talking to a three-year-old niece on the phone you ask what she did today and she said, "I drew this pretty picture. See, don't you like it?" This is an example of 1. object permanence. 2. conservation. 3. artificialism. 4. egocentrism

1

Adam and Philip occasionally wrestle, roll, hit, and run after one another, alternating roles while smiling and laughing. Adam and Philip are engaged in __________ play. 1.rough-and-tumble 2. parallel 3. nonsocial 4. constructive

2

Daniele who is 9, when asked what is 2x2, quickly responds with 4. This compared to a year earlier when he would count on his fingers to get the answer. This increase in efficiency of processing is most likely due to: 1) formal operations 2) automation of processing 3) object permanence 4) positive reinforcement

1

Eight-year-old Daniel focuses on several aspects of a problem and relates them, rather than centering on just one. Daniel is capable of 1. decentration. 2. conservation. 3. reversibility. 4. seriation

3

Five-year-old Matthew and 6-year-old Jessica like to pretend that they live or work in a zoo. Often, Matthew will pretend to be an animal, such as an elephant and Jessica will pretend to be the zookeeper. This is an example of __________ play. 1. parallel 2. associative 3. sociodramatic 4. functional

2

For Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is 1. dual representation. 2. egocentrism. 3. representational thought. 4. animalistic thinking

3

Four- to Six-year-olds (preschoolers) often base friendships on 1. reliable companionship. 2. enduring relationships. 3. fun play and sharing of toys. 4. mutual trust

2

In early childhood, children are more likely to experience self-conscious emotions (i.e. guilt, shame, or pride): 1) on there own without any parental prodding 2) primarily with parental prompting 3) they can not experience these emotions until middle childhood 4) only if no one else is present

3

Kelly is 8 years old and has begun to bug her mother to buy her basketball trading cards. Kelly has amassed quite a collection and spends several hours a week sorting the cards by team, player position, and jersey number. Kelly's behavior shows she has accomplished. 1) Object Permanence 2) Abstract thought 3) Hierarchical classification 4) Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

4

Lindy's parents provide a loving and accepting environment for her. They believe she can make her own decisions, so they do not require her to stick to a routine and rarely enforce rules. Lindy's parents can be classified as: 1. Authoritarian 2. Authoritative 3. Uninvolved 4. Permissive

2

Ron pours a glass of milk for his daughter. She wants more so he pours the milk from a short, fat glass into a tall, thin one. Not amused, his daughter asks for a bigger glass and states "the milk is higher in this glass, but the glass is thinner." Her answer demonstrates the mental operation of 1) identity 2) compensation 3) negation 4) reversibility

4

Sarah, a third grade teacher, is preparing a lesson on the use of a balance. She separates the students into groups of three or four (all of whom know very little about the subject) and gives each group a balance and set of washers for weights. She then allows the groups to experiment and explore using the items, with limited intervention. This approach to education is best associated with the theoretical perspective of: 1) Vygotsky. 2) Skinner. 3) the Information Processors. 4) Piaget

3

Scaffolding refers to the 1) stage-like process children go through in learning a new task. 2) features associated with the child's internal, private speech. 3) reducing the quantity of social/educational support over the course of a teaching session. 4) process whereby two novice participants work together to solve a task

4

School-age children report which of the following after eating junk foods? 1. They feel better. 2. They focus better. 3. They are happier. 4. They feel sluggish

3

Schools can help reduce obesity by 1. serving fewer meals. 2. having adults chose meals for overweight children. 3. offering more organized sports. 4. providing additional recess time

1

Six-year-old Nicole is reading a book about Gary, a nurse who works in a hospital. According to Gender Schema Theory, when Nicole tells her mothers about the story, she is likely to report 1) That Gary is a doctor. 2) That Gary works in a doctor?s office. 3) That she wants to be a nurse when she grows up. 4) All the details correctly

2

The _______ grow(s) the fastest in middle childhood. 1. head 2. lower body 3. upper body 4. extremities

3

The observation that children today grow faster, and when mature are taller and weigh more than their parents and grandparents is known as: 1) The longitudinal bias. 2) A cohort effect. 3) The secular trend of physical growth. 4) Is only observed in the current generation

2

The use of physical punishment (i.e. spanking) has been associated with: 1. High levels of self-esteem in children who are spanked. 2. Increased acts of aggression towards other (i.e. siblings or peers). 3. Learning that generalizes from one situation to another (i.e. home to school). 4. Closer relationships with the parent who spanks as a form of punishment

4

Three-year-old Miguel covers his eyes and runs out of the room during a scary scene in his favorite movie. He is displaying 1. scaffolding. 2. personal empathy. 3. social problem-solving. 4. emotional self-regulation

2

Your 7-year-old nephew is having problems with bedwetting at night. If his parents ask you to suggest an effective treatment, you will let them know that _________ is the most effective way of dealing with this problem 1) waking the child and making him wash the sheets. 2) a urine alarm 3) antidepressant mediation 4) ignoring the bedwetting