Developmental Psychology (Ch. 15)
"The more people do, the more they can do" is another way to say the phrase,
"Use it or lose it."
Which of the following is NOT a finding of the Seattle Longitudinal Study?
-Number ability decreased in middle age -Middle-aged men and women showed similar levels of peak performance in overall cognitive abilities -Four of the six intellectual abilities assessed reached their highest level of functioning in middle adulthood NOT: Perceptual speed increased in middle adulthood
Which of the following accurately describes age-related physical changes?
-bone loss usually accelerates in one's 50's -age-related muscle loss usually occurs at a rate of 1% to 2% per year after age 50 -Joint performance generally peaks in one's 20's
Diane has recently completed her PhD at sixty years of age. Her reason for doing this was probably to improve her
-cognitive function. -self-esteem. -skills and knowledge.
Crystallized intelligence includes:
-effects of culture and education -accumulated information -verbal skills
According to the MIDUS research project, people in middle adulthood today are in good shape in which area(s)?
-emotional -physical -cognitive
The age at which people are retiring is inching upward as a result of
-financial reasons. -better physical health. -more personal stimulation at work.
Which of the following represents the indirect effects of stress on our bodies?
-getting less sleep -eating poorly -drinking more alcohol
Regarding physical appearance, middle-aged adults may notice that their:
-hair becomes gray -skin is less smooth -hair becomes thinner
Jack is 60 years of age and experiencing some common physical changes associated with midlife. These would include:
-having less energy -having more aches and pains
People in lower-SES groups tend to have poorer health, which may be related to:
-having more stress -lack of health insurance -having less control over life
The Seattle Longitudinal Study of Adult Intelligence revealed that many middle-aged people showed stability or increased capacities due to an improvement in
-healthy lifestyles. -educational opportunities. -environmental influences.
Untreated diabetes can lead to which of the following?
-heart disease -kidney disease -stroke
John, born in 1958, was a part of the Seattle Longitudinal Study of Adult Intelligence. John scored well as a result of his
-higher education level. -spouse's higher education level. -personal accomplishments.
Which of the following factors have been implicated in erectile dysfunction?
-hypertension -diabetes -smoking -depression
What can a woman do to reduce the risk of osteoporosis?
-increase calcium intake -stop smoking cigarettes
Adults who use integrative thinking:
-interpret what they read and see into what is meaningful -can put together conflicting facts and ideas
Medical procedures that have risen sharply in current middle adults is
-knee replacements. -coronary stints. -hip replacements.
Which of the following describes vision changes in middle age?
-night driving can be problematic -the eyes do not adapt to sudden changes in light as effectively -visual difficulty poses a problem when reading fine print
For many people, middle adulthood is a time of:
-passing on something meaningful to the next generation -declining physical skills -becoming more aware of the young-old polarity
Highly creative people are
-risk-takers. -self-starters. -independent.
After age forty-five, most people begin to lose some sensitivity in their sense of
-taste. -touch. -smell.
Adults in midlife tend to return to college for what purpose(s)?
-to improve work skills -to improve self-esteem -to keep up with the changing world
Identify the six mental abilities assessed in the Seattle Longitudinal Study:
-vocabulary -spatial orientation -perceptual speed -inductive reasoning -number -verbal memory
Creativity in mathematics and physics tends to peak in:
20s and 30s
What percentage of 40-to-50 year old men in the US say they sometimes or never get/keep an erection adequate for sexual intercourse?
39%
Robin is 30 pounds overweight, smokes cigarettes, and has high blood pressure. As a result, Robin's life expectancy will likely be ___ years shorter than that of adults without these health problems.
4
Middle adulthood is defined as the years from:
40 to 65
In the United States, almost ___ percent of adults aged 55-64 suffer from hypertension.
41
Globally, about 1 in ___ adults are illiterate.
5
Who is more likely to have presbycusis?
55-year-old male
People who become active early in life reap the benefits of more stamina and resilience after age
60.
Research suggests that people now entering their ____ could face significant disabilities—more than their counterparts in previous generations.
60s
An estimated ___ % of men over 70 years of age experience erectile dysfunction.
67
One in ___ American women develop breast cancer at some point in their lives.
8
Who is more likely to experience depression in midlife?
African-American female
Which statement about weight in midlife is FALSE?
Body fat accounts for about 10% of weight in middle age.
___ slows gradually throughout adulthood.
Choice reaction time
According to research on creative adults, which of the following individuals is most likely to be described as creative?
Dash, who is a risk-taking nonconformist
_____ intelligence is the ability to solve think abstractly and solve novel problems, while _____ intelligence is the ability to remember and use information acquired over a lifetime.
Fluid; crystallized
A 60yr old person is likely to experience which of the following?
Foods taste different than earlier in life
Which middle-aged woman is MOST likely to engage in sexual activity?
Marianne, a married woman living with her partner
Which of the following statements regarding sexual behavior in middle adulthood is FALSE?
Middle-aged men engage in more sexual touching, kissing, and hugging than middle-aged women
Which statement regarding ethnic group differences in health is FALSE?
Non-Latino white women have higher rates of cervical cancer than Latinas
Which statement is true regarding stress and health in midlife?
People in midlife tend to have better coping skills and deal with stress better than younger people
Which statement about the rate of physical changes in middle adulthood is FALSE?
The rate of physical changes is fairly similar for all adults
Which statement regarding bone loss is true?
Women experience twice the rate of bone loss as men.
The higher level of longevity in women has been attributed to a second
X chromosome.
Illness seems to be due to:
a combination of stress and genetics
The reason that strength and coordination decline from their peak during the 20s is:
a loss of muscle fiber
In this clip Alexis and Richard discusses their relationship. She said that she liked herself more
at age 40.
People born between the years of 1946 and 1964 are called the _____ generation.
baby boomer
The use of energy to maintain vital functions is called:
basal metabolism
Loss of endurance begins after age forty due to a gradual decrease in the rate of
basal metabolism.
At 50 years old, Darwin developed his theory of evolution; at 55 years old, Toni Morrison won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved. These examples demonstrate the mature adult's ability to
be creative.
Women seem to cope with stress with the tend and ___ pattern.
befriend
A complication of type II diabetes is
blindness.
Viagra works by allowing increased ___ ___ to the penis.
blood flow
Dan has retired from his work in sports medicine with the local school system and has begun working part time in the emergency room of the local hospital. Dan is now involved in _____ employment.
bridge
When a person retires from one job and then begins a new line of work, he is engaging in _____ employment.
bridge
Jackson, age 60, retired from his university position after 32 years. After taking a few months off to travel, Jackson started working four days a week as a school-based consultant. This example illustrates
bridge employment.
Older workers often fail to volunteer for job assignments that are ___ due to the perception that they will not be able to handle them.
challenging
Many middle-age adults experience decreases in the visual fields creating a problem seeing objects that are:
close
Cathy has applied for long-term care insurance. The insurance company has had her given tests for memory recall and verbal fluency as a method of predicting her _____ impairment in old age.
cognitive
Some developmental psychologists maintain that mature thought represents a new stage of _____ development.
cognitive
Today, some scholars describe middle age as a social
construct.
Having a deep, highly organized knowledge of a subject with intrinsic motivation can demonstrate extraordinary ______ achievement.
creative
Lila has a problem with output being greater than input in her bank account this week. She is cleaning her kitchen when the light bulb in her brain goes off and she suddenly remembers some "rainy day" money she had hidden in her dresser. This demonstrates that Lila is a _____ thinker.
creative
Emerging from diverse and challenging experiences is called
creativity.
One's accumulated information and verbal intelligence are components of ___ intelligence.
crystallized
The ability to remember and use information acquired over a lifetime is called _____ intelligence.
crystallized
Clara, age 55, has been with the Jones Printing Company for twenty years. Based on what you know about cognitive abilities in middle age, Clara likely applies her _____ to her job duties.
crystallized intelligence
Creativity seems to be a combination of:
deep examinations of problems with solutions that do not occur to others
The process of having knowledge more readily accessible in specific knowledge systems is called:
encapsulation
Joey, a high school junior, is putting a new stereo system in the trunk of his car. Bill, Joey's dad, sees him struggling and offers to help him with the project. Bill is able to help Joey with ease as a result of
encapsulation.
Lilly, a new education major, has been designing a curriculum format but is having trouble matching the outcomes for the course. Mary, an older professor, sees her struggling and sits down to help her with the issue. Mary is able to help Lilly with ease as a result of
encapsulation.
The capturing of fluid abilities for expert problem solving is called
encapsulation.
When 62-year-old Charlie is able to solve an algebra problem that his grandson Jake, a high school freshman, is working on, Charlie is demonstrating
encapsulation.
It has been theorized that mature adults have an increasing capacity to solve problems in their chosen fields as a result of
experience.
By being able to process information, being flexible, and being adaptable, a(n) _____ can solve problems very well.
expert
Flexibility and creativity in problem solving are characteristics of (novices/experts)?
experts
True or false: In the US today, most women who have gone through menopause view it negatively.
false
True or false: Social inequalities have a minimal impact on health in middle age.
false
According to the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, most middle-aged adults
feel good about the quality of their lives.
A person's ability to solve novel problems is known as ___ intelligence.
fluid
The ability to solve novel problems that require little or no previous knowledge is called _____ intelligence.
fluid
Researcher John Horn asserts that there are 2 aspects of intelligence that are thought to change in middle adulthood: ___ and ___ intelligence.
fluid; crystallized
Diane does not smoke or drink, she walks regularly, and she eats fruits and vegetable daily. Diane's mortality risk in midlife and old age is ___ times less than those who are more sedentary.
four
Many experts conclude that in middle adulthood:
gains and losses balance each other out
If they are willing, the younger generation can take advantage of the integrative thought of the older generation for personal
guidance.
___ disease becomes more common beginning in the late 40's or early 50's.
heart
Hearing loss appears to be the most noticeable in the ___ frequencies.
higher
Dan is now sixty-seven years old but still considers himself in middle adulthood due to improvements in
his health.
HT stands for:
hormone therapy
Chronically high blood pressure is called:
hypertension
High blood pressure is also called
hypertension.
Moments of _____ allow a creative thinker to look at a problem more deeply and find solutions others might not think of.
illumination
Stress can negatively affect the ___ system.
immune
Another name for erectile dysfunction is
impotence.
Risk of breast cancer and other cancers (increases/decreases) ___ with hormone treatment.
increases
According to Horn, crystallized intelligence ___ in middle adulthood and fluid intelligence ___.
increases; decreases
Creative performance has little to do with
intelligence.
The basis of post-formal thought, including interpreting what is read, seen and heard, is all a part of _____ thought.
intuitive
Compared to early adulthood, sexual activity in middle adulthood is ___ frequent.
less
In general, the baby boom generation is (healthier/less healthy) ___ than individuals from earlier generations.
less healthy
Expanding technology and shifting job markets require a ___ approach to learning.
life-span
An adult's ability to use printed and written information is called:
literacy
Being able to use printed and written information to function in society is called
literacy.
People from _____ backgrounds tend to have poor health, activity limitations, shorter life expectancy, and more chronic illness.
low SES
A diagnostic x-ray examination of the breasts is called a:
mammogram
A diagnostic X-ray exam of a woman's breasts is called
mammography.
The cessation of menstruation is called:
menopause
The end of ovulation and menstruation and the loss of a woman's ability to conceive a child is called
menopause
The term ___ refers to the midlife transition in which fertility declines.
menopause
Industrialized nations have now accepted the stage of life called ______ adulthood.
middle
Rebecca has turned forty-five years of age and is now in ____ adulthood.
middle
The time period between one's 40's and 60's is known as ___ adulthood.
middle
Many creative people have reached their greatest achievement in:
middle age
Expertise shows up more often in ___ adulthood than in the ___ adulthood years.
middle; early
In 1895, as life expectancy increased, the dictionary incorporated the new term of
midlife.
Compared to younger adults, middle-aged adults have more trouble with ___ due to an increasing inability to ignore distractions.
multitasking
Gloria experiences nearsightedness in her vision. Nearsightedness is also referred to as
myopia.
Myopia is also called:
nearsightedness
As Alexis and Richard discusses their relationship they talk about sex. She has noticed that most important to her now is
non-sexual contact like hand holding.
___ is the condition in which the bones become thin and brittle as the result of rapid calcium depletion.
osteoporosis
A condition in which the bones become thin and brittle as a result of calcium depletion is called
osteoporosis.
Jackie is in the years before menopause but is experiencing some physiological changes. She is in the stage called:
perimenopause
Jim has retired from his full-time teaching job at the college but continues to work part-time for the community college in his area. Jim is involved in ______ employment.
phased
Today, people often start to reduce their work hours preceding retirement in a process called ____ retirement.
phased
___ ___ in midlife is an important protective factor against cardiovascular disease.
physical activity
Which is true about emotions and health?
positive emotions enhance health
Intuitive, experience-based thinking is what theorists have identified as the expansion of Piaget's theory, including
post-formal thought.
When looking at racial and ethnic disparities in health, ______ is most likely the largest single underlying factor in explaining the link.
poverty
A loss of hearing, especially of high-pitched sounds, that happens in one's 50s is called
presbycusis.
Allan is having trouble hearing higher-pitched sounds like some of the tones of his cell phone. Allan is fifty-three years old and dealing with
presbycusis.
Margaret cannot read the paper without holding it far away from her. She is displaying:
presbyopia
A condition of aging causing a lessened ability to focus on near objects is called
presbyopia.
Lucy just turned 40 and needs to hold the newspaper away from her face to read the print. Lucy probably has
presbyopia.
Russell is a middle-aged American male. If he is like most middle-aged people in other industrialized countries, Russell will report that his health is
quite good
Hormone therapy started at menopause and continued for at least five years:
reduces bone loss
Middle age adults are involved in education for what purpose?
retraining for a different career
According the MIDUS research project, aging up until the ____ appears to a positive experience.
seventies
As Alexis and Richard discusses their relationship they talk about sex. He argues that his sex life is better because its
slower.
Chronic ___ is linked to the overproduction of corticosteriods such as cortisol.
stress
Damage to a person's health and well-being that occurs when perceived environmental demands exceed the capacity to cope is called
stress.
Extended family networks are part of African Americans' ___ system that may help them cope with stress.
support
Success in the modern work world and a major component of work-related adult education is based on updating one's _____ skills.
technological
The most educated and affluent group to ever reach middle adulthood are
the Baby Boomers.
In middle age, there is a decrease in the ability to multi-task due to changes in
the brain.
The Seattle Longitudinal Study of Adult Intelligence shows that middle-aged people are in
their prime.
Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study of cognitive abilities indicated that:
there were more peaks than declines in cognitive abilities in middle age
At midlife, strength and coordination decline gradually from their peak during the:
twenties
Hearing loss proceeds ___ as quickly in men as in women.
twice
The form of diabetes that develops after age thirty and becomes more prevalent with age is called
type II diabetes.
When glucose levels rise because the cells lose their ability to use the insulin the body produces—causing the body to try to compensate by producing too much insulin—the diagnosis is
type II diabetes.
The Seattle Longitudinal Study of Adult Intelligence showed that many middle-aged people peaked in
verbal comprehension.
The amount of air that can be drawn in with a deep breath and expelled is called ___ capacity.
vital
___ tend to live longer but may report poorer health.
women
The greatest stressor for most people today is:
work
