Developmental Theories
The nurse notes that a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects exist even when the objects are outside of the visual field. Based on this observation, which action should the nurse take? 1.Report the observation to the health care provider. 2.Move the objects in the child's direct field of vision. 3.Teach the child how to visually scan the environment. 4.Provide additional lighting for the child during play activities
1.Report the observation to the health care provider. According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, it is normal for the infant or toddler not to recognize that objects continue to be in existence, even if out of the visual field; however, this is abnormal for the 6-year-old. If a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects still exist even when outside the visual field, the child is not progressing normally through the developmental stages. The nurse should report this finding to the health care provider.
An infant is being seen in the pediatrician's office for a 2-month-old well-child visit. The nurse encourages the mother to allow the infant to suck on a pacifier during a routine immunization. The nurse explains to the mother that the child is at which stage of Piaget's cognitive development? 1.Trust development 2.Autonomy development 3.Sensorimotor development 4.Preconceptual development
3.Sensorimotor development
A 16-year-old client is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis and an appendectomy is performed. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development postoperatively? 1.Encourage the client to rest and read. 2.Encourage the parents to room in with the client. 3.Allow the family to bring in the client's favorite computer games. 4.Allow the client to interact with others in his or her (adolescent) same age group.
4.Allow the client to interact with others in his or her (adolescent) same age group. Adolescents often are not sure whether they want their parents with them when they are hospitalized. Because of the importance of their peer group, separation from friends is a source of anxiety. Ideally, the members of the peer group will support their ill friend.
The nurse is admitting a 10-month-old infant who is being hospitalized for a respiratory infection. The nurse develops a plan of care for the infant and includes which most appropriateintervention? 1.Keeping the infant as quiet as possible 2.Restraining the infant to prevent dislodging of tubes 3.Placing small toys in the crib to provide stimulation for the infant 4.Providing a consistent routine with touching, rocking, and cuddling throughout hospitalization
4.Providing a consistent routine with touching, rocking, and cuddling throughout hospitalization Trust vs Mistrust stage
The clinic nurse is preparing to explain the concepts of Kohlberg's theory of moral development with a parent. The nurse should tell the parent that which factor motivates good and bad actions for the child at the preconventional level? 1.Peer pressure 2.Social pressure 3.Parents' behavior 4.Punishment and reward
4.Punishment and reward In the preconventional stage, morals are thought to be motivated by punishment and reward. If the child is obedient and is not punished, then the child is being moral. The child sees actions as good or bad. If the child's actions are good, the child is praised. If the child's actions are bad, the child is punished. Options 1, 2, and 3 are not associated factors for this stage of moral development.
