DHN 101 Chapter 1
Dietary supplements are intended to _____ ensure prevention of infections and illness be taken as a replacement of certain nutrients be taken in addition to the diet
be taken in addition to the diet
The taste, smell, and texture of foods and the internal sensations of hunger and thirst are ______ factors that influence food selections. cognitive biological and physiological psychological environmental
biological and physiological
The taste, smell, and texture of foods and the internal sensations of hunger and thirst are ______ factors that influence food selections. psychological environmental biological and physiological cognitive
biological and physiological
A small apple supplies approximately 40,000 ________ kilocalories Calories Kilocalories calories
calories
Macronutrients and alcohol supply the body with energy in the form of ______. Minerals calories vitamins chemicals
calories
Select all that apply Poor eating habits contribute to the leading causes of death to Americans. The top two leading causes of death to Americans are _____. suicide cancer diabetes influenza and pneumonia heart disease
cancer heart disease
Select all that apply Select the ways grocery stores market their products. time of day products are placed on shelves selection of flooring material positioning on shelves end of aisle displays
selection of flooring material positioning on shelves end of aisle displays
Select all that apply Nutrient-dense foods have little or no _____ sodium added sugars essential fatty acids solid fats refined starches
sodium added sugars solid fats refined starches
All of the following are macronutrients except ______ proteins lipids vitamins carbohydrates
vitamins
_____ is the most essential nutrient
water
Which of the following describe a conditionally essential nutrient? All of the choices are correct. A nutrient that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions. A nutrient that becomes essential due to a metabolic disorder or serious disease (e.g. kidney or liver disease). A nutrient that may be made in the body, but in amounts that are inadequate.
All of the choices are correct.
Phenolics: quercetin
Antioxidant activity from fruits, vegetables, and red wine may inhibit cancer growth and reduce heart disease risk
Choosing foods based on religious teachings is an example of ________ factors influencing eating habits. Physiological Cognitive environmental biological
Cognitive
The usual pattern of foods that you choose to eat is referred to as your _____
Diet
True or false: There are certain foods that are considered perfect foods and should be eaten every day.
False
True or false: There are only a few factors that influence a person's eating practices.
False
Select all that apply Which of the following are considered macronutrients? Fats Vitamins Carbohydrates Proteins
Fats Carbohydrates Proteins
The body gets nutrients from ______. Calories Food Water Exercise
Food
Which of the following statements is true? A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type and birth order. Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food. In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death. Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet.
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
Which of the following is a micronutrient? Fat Iron Glucose Protein
Iron
Which of the following is a micronutrient? Glucose Fat Iron Protein
Iron
Which of the following foods is NOT a rich natural source of phytochemicals? Cherries Green tea Whole-grain bread Lean meat
Lean meat
_____ is a state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished.
Malnutrition
Alkaloids: Caffeine
Stimulant effect found in cocoa, coffee, and tea
Select all that apply Which of the following do not provide energy for the body? Vitamins Carbohydrate Minerals Protein Alcohol Water Fat
Vitamins Minerals Water
Which is considered the most essential nutrient? Vitamins Water Protein Minerals Carbohydrate
Water
Select all that apply Which of the following do not provide energy for the body? Water Minerals Fat Alcohol Protein Vitamins Carbohydrate
Water Minerals Vitamins
Which of the following is NOT true about water? Water is an essential nutrient. Water is necessary for elimination of waste from the body. Water plays a role in regulation of body temperature. Water is necessary for immune function.
Water is necessary for immune function.
Select all that apply Choose examples of biological and physiological factors that influence food choices ability to perceive internal sensory information age past experiences, cultural practices and religious teachings ability to perceive external sensory information
ability to perceive internal sensory information age ability to perceive external sensory information
Select all that apply Nutrient-dense foods have little or no _____. added sugars essential fatty acids sodium solid fats refined starches
added sugars sodium solid fats refined starches
The FDA determines a particular supplement presents a significant or unreasonable risk or harm, _____ the product is on the market. before after
after
Select all that apply Choose examples of biological and physiological factors that influence food choices. age ability to perceive internal sensory information ability to perceive external sensory information past experiences, cultural practices and religious teachings
age ability to perceive internal sensory information ability to perceive external sensory information
Select all that apply Choose examples of biological and physiological factors that influence food choices. past experiences, cultural practices and religious teachings age ability to perceive internal sensory information ability to perceive external sensory information
age ability to perceive internal sensory information ability to perceive external sensory information
Select all that apply Which of the following are most likely to be taken as a dietary supplement? amino acid vitamin mineral herb monosaccharide
amino acid vitamin mineral herb
How many calories are in a kilocalorie? 10,000 100 1,000 10
1,000
Select steps required to become RDN Complete a fellowship in clinical nutrition earn (at a minimum) a bachelor's degree in nutrition or dietetics Complete extensive supervised practice hours Pass a national registration exam
earn (at a minimum) a bachelor's degree in nutrition or dietetics Complete extensive supervised practice hours Pass a national registration exam
A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means is called a(n) calorie nutrient protein element
element
Select all that apply Select the ways grocery stores market their products. end of aisle displays time of day products are placed on shelves selection of flooring material positioning on shelves
end of aisle displays selection of flooring material positioning on shelves
True or false: The FDA regulates dietary supplements as strictly as prescription medications.
false
The Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 allows manufacturers to classify nutrient supplements and herbal products as _____
food
Cognitive factors that influence food choices involve the _____ process.
learning
The Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 states that nutrient supplements and herbal products are classified as foods. supplements must go through rigorous safety testing. supplements are considered medications.
nutrient supplements and herbal products are classified as foods.
The life-sustaining substances in food are called _____ vitamins and minerals nutrients water carbohydrates, fat, and protein
nutrients
Capsaicinoids (capsaicin)
pain relieving properties found in chili peppers
In the United States, consumers eat more ________ than recommended. protein foods fruits dairy products vegetables
protein foods
Deficiency disease can cause subjective health complaints called _____, which may include headache, dizziness, and fatigue.
symptoms
Select all that apply What type of training has a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) completed? trained in dietetics certification from local health food store college trained with extensive knowledge in foods and nutrition skilled in the sale of the best nutritional supplements
trained in dietetics college trained with extensive knowledge in foods and nutrition
Food service systems management dietitian
RDN who works for a school district and is in charge of developing the school lunch, menus, ordering food, and overseeing its distribution to the district's school-aged children
Research Dietitian
RDN who works for a university based research group studying the effect of fiber intake on colon cancer risk in newly emigrated populations
Clinical Dietitian
RDN who works in an outpatient hospital setting helping people who have diabetes develop healthy eating plans
The relationship between food and mood is ______. complex simple
complex
Organosulfides: Isothicocyanates
compound in onions that may improve immune system functioning and reduce the risk of heart disease
The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is _____ definitely correct constantly evolving set in stone and unlikely to change widely accepted by the medical community
constantly evolving
Calories are measured through a process known as _____ direct calorimetry caloric combustion direct combustion indirect calorimetry
direct calorimetry
Select all that apply By making certain dietary changes, such as decreasing fat intake, a person may ___ lessen the severity of a disease prevent or forestall the development of certain diseases cure a severe acute disease cure a genetic disease
lessen the severity of a disease prevent or forestall the development of certain diseases
_____ is a routine way of living that includes dietary practices and exercise habits
lifestyle
Regulation of body processes is a major function of which classes of nutrients? select all that apply carbs lipids minerals vitamins proteins water
lipids minerals vitamins proteins water
Select all that apply Choose factors that are most likely to influence food choices. media mood gender religious beliefs stature (height)
media mood religious beliefs
Select all that apply Choose factors that are most likely to influence food choices. stature (height) gender media religious beliefs mood
media religious beliefs mood
A person must be ________ to make lasting changes to their food-related behaviors. forced uneager motivated concerned
motivated
An essential nutrient _______. must be supplied by the diet is found only in foods from animal sources is found only in fortified foods provides energy (kcals) to the diet
must be supplied by the diet
An essential nutrient _______. must be supplied by the diet is found only in fortified foods is found only in foods from animal sources provides energy (kcals) to the diet
must be supplied by the diet
Where is the best place to receive expert advice on nutrition? fitness trainer registered dietitian nutritionist family and friends
registered dietitian nutritionist
Failure to consume adequate amounts of nutrients can lead to observable and measurable physical changes that are _____ of deficiency disease.
signs
Approximately 50%-70% of the body's total weight is _____
water
Which of the following is NOT a major factor impacting a person's food choices? Mood Health beliefs Media Blood type
Blood type
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? Chicken Margarine Blueberries Tuna
Blueberries
A calorie is such a small unit of measurement that energy in food is reported in 1000-calorie units called kilocalories or ______. (Note that capitalization makes a difference in this answer.) Calories calories
Calories
Select all that apply What are the diseases that most often develop as a result of poor eating habits? Neurological disorders Certain cancers Type 2 diabetes Heart disease
Certain cancers Type 2 diabetes Heart disease
Choosing foods based on religious teachings is an example of ________ factors influencing eating habits. Cognitive physiological environmental biological
Cognitive
Behaviors that may reduce chances of developing serious diseases Behaviors that may increase chances of developing serious diseases:
Consume fat-free or low-fat dairy products, consume fruits and vegetables, consume whole-grain cereals, regular exercise Consume more calories than needed, excess emotional stress, lack of access to health care, sedentary lifestyle
Select all that apply Which of the following would be effective in decreasing a person's risk for premature death? Consuming fruits and vegetables Traveling to exotic locations Reading a good book Exercising regularly
Consuming fruits and vegetables Exercising regularly
Americans consume these below recommendation: Americans consumer these above recommendation: Dairy products, fruits, candy, vegetables, added fats and oils, sugar-sweetened beverages
Dairy products, fruits, vegetables candy, added fats and oils, sugar-sweetened beverages
A substance, such as carbon and oxygen, that cannot be separated into simpler substances is a(n) _____
Element
Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices? Emotional stress level Hunger Perception of food's sensory characteristics Age
Emotional stress level
Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices? Perception of food's sensory characteristics Emotional stress level Age Hunger
Emotional stress level
A nutrient that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food is considered ______ bioavailable nonessential synthetic essential
Essential
A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a(n) _____ nutrient
Essential
An _____ is one that must be provided by the diet because it cannot be produced by the body or produced in the amount that is needed.
Essential nutrient
Which of the following is typically NOT an environmental factor in what people eat? Food marketing Food cost Access to food Negative food-related experiences
Negative food-related experiences
The foods that you eat contain _____ life sustaining substances in food.
Nutrients
Macronutrient
Nutrients required in grams per day carbs fat energy-yielding nutrient
Micronutrient
Nutrients required in miligrams per day vitamins minerals non-energy yielding nutrient
Which of the following is NOT a reason dietary recommendations undergo revisions? New scientific evidence becomes available and the information is reviewed and accepted by nutrition experts. Researchers continue to explore the complex relationships between diet and health. Nutrition research involves human subjects. Nutrition is an exact science.
Nutrition is an exact science.
Which of the following is NOT a requirement to become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)? Pass a national exam Complete extensive supervised practice hours Obtain a culinary certificate of training Obtain a degree from an accredited college
Obtain a culinary certificate of training
Carotenoids: Beta- carotene
Orange, red, and yellow fruits and vegetables that may reduce risk of certain cancers and macular degeneration
Which of the following is NOT a way that manufacturers target consumers? Organization of nutrition label information Food packaging of products Utilizing means of media advertising Product placement in the supermarkets
Organization of nutrition label information
Which of the following is NOT a way that manufacturers target consumers? Organization of nutrition label information Utilizing means of media advertising Food packaging of products Product placement in the supermarkets
Organization of nutrition label information
Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense? Peanut butter Spinach Raw apples Strawberries
Peanut butter
The substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits is called a _____
Phytochemical
What is the term for a compound made by plants but not considered a nutrient? Phytochemical Dietary supplement Antioxidant
Phytochemical
Which of the following substances is a macronutrient? Calcium Protein Vitamin C Sodium
Protein
Community Dietitian
RDN who works at a health clinic for low income older adults who receive government assistance to help them purchase healthy foods.
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States? Stroke Suicide Chronic lower respiratory infections Influenza and pneumonia
Stroke
Which of the following conditions is NOT a leading cause of death in the United States? stroke heart disease TB cancer
TB
Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept? Variety, moderation, and balance can help ensure a diet's nutritional adequacy. The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements. Malnutrition includes overnutrition as well as undernutrition. Foods and the nutrients they contain are one of many components of health.
The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.
True or false: A healthy diet can be achieved even with foods that are considered unhealthy as long as they are consumed in moderation.
True
True or false: Making positive lifestyle changes can decrease a person's risk for premature death.
True
True or false: The information we have about diet and its relationship to health is constantly changing as new research becomes available.
True
Select all that apply What can help ensure nutritional adequacy in a diet? Variety Focus on protein intake Eating only fruits and vegetables Balance
Variety Balance
Select all that apply Which of the following foods would be considered nutrient dense?
Vegetarian pizza Baked potato
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? Vitamin D Carbohydrate Protein Fat
Vitamin D
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) issues the Healthy People report every ______ years. 15 10 7 3
10
One slice of pepperoni pizza contains: 22 grams of carbohydrate 9 grams of protein 8 grams of fat Therefore, one small slice of pepperoni pizza supplies _______ kcals.
196
Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense? ½ cup fresh strawberries 3 ounces baked chicken 4-ounce chocolate doughnut 8 ounces fat-free milk
4-ounce chocolate doughnut
Water comprises about ______ of the body's total weight 40 to 60% 80 to 90% 50% 50 to 70%
50 to 70%
When defining the word malnutrition, "mal" means _____
bad
a _____ _____ is used when measuring caloric content of a food through direct calorimetry
bomb calormeter
Certain ______ diseases can be cured by eating specific nutrients, but diet is just one aspect that influences health. contagious toxicity infectious deficiency
deficiency
Select all that apply Lifestyle is a person's way of living that includes ____ family size and gender dietary practices physical activity habits age
dietary practices physical activity habits
Calories are measured through a process known as ______. caloric combustion indirect calorimetry direct calorimetry direct combustion
direct calorimetry
Currently, the FDA ______ regulate dietary supplements as strictly as prescription medications. does does not
does not
A poor diet and physical inactivity will increase your risk of ___ dying prematurely having financial difficulties falling being in a car accident
dying prematurely
A food that contains a large percentage of its calories from sugar, fat, and/or alcohol in relation to its content of micronutrients is considered a(n) Super food nutrient dense-food empty-calorie food
empty-calorie food.
Nutrient Dense source of empty calorie grilled salmon cola potato chips strawberries
grilled salmon, strawberries cola, potato chips
The leading cause of death is ______ and the second leading cause of death is ____ cancer; accidents heart disease; cancer heart disease; accidents cancer; heart disease
heart disease; cancer
Studying nutrition is important to _______. obtain enough energy to sustain life learn about the nutritional value of foods and effects diet can have on health avoid pesticides and hormones in the food supply reduce dependence on animal food products
learn about the nutritional value of foods and effects diet can have on health