DHN Chapters 1-4 Exam 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A person can use MyPlate to evaluate his or her diet's nutritional adequacy.

Bicarbonate

Bicarbonate, which is secreted by the pancreas, is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme in the small intestine.

Where is Bile produced?

Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the liver.

Where is bile stored?

Bile is stored in the gallbladder.

A serious consequence of uncontrolled diabetes is kidney damage. When a person's kidneys aren't functioning properly, what would you expect to happen to his or her body?

Certain wastes accumulate in the bloodstream.

Anecdote

Report of personal experience

Case-Control Study

Researchers match one person with arthritis to a similar person who does not have arthritis. The scientists collect and analyze information from the subjects, including their food choices and use of dietary supplements.

Food insecurity

Running out of necessary funds to afford healthy foods

Stomach

The churning movements of the stomach help mix food with gastric juice. The term gastric refers to the stomach. The stomach also produces hydrochloric acid, which is important for the digestion of protein.

Metabolism

The making of proteins, generation of energy, and disposal of waste are all chemical processes that in total are referred to as your metabolism.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans is _______.

a set of general nutrition-related recommendations

Salt

forms when a acid combines with a base

Peristalsis

helps move food/chyme through the digestive tract.

Chemical messengers in the body are...

hormones

Linda has a history of peptic ulcers. To prevent having a recurrence of such ulcers, she should take all of the following steps EXCEPT _______.

increase consumption of milk and cream to coat the stomach lining

Hydrochloric acid

is important for the digestion of protein

FDA

is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products

Proteins

provides a source of energy and regulates body processes

Vitamins

regulates body processes

Water

regulates body temperature and helps eliminate wastes

Nurtient-dense foods

A food or beverage that contains more key beneficial nutrients in relation to its total calories is called a(n) nutrient-dense food.

Empty Calories

A food or beverage that contributes excessive amounts of unhealthy solid fat, added sugars, and/or alcohol to the diet is high in empty calories.

Saturated fatty acids

Consume less than 10% of calories from saturated fatty acids by replacing them with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Which of the following foods is naturally a source of phytochemicals?

Grapes

Food Security

Having access to food that keeps them healthy, and being able to afford healthy foods.

Caffeine

People who follow healthy food patterns should limit their caffeine intake to 400 mg/day.

Testimonial

Personal endorsement of a product

Pancreas

The pancreas produces and secretes digestive enzymes.

Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?

Tongue

Carbohydrates

provides a source of energy

Reliable source of nutrition information

A nutrition blog on fiber featuring the health on the net symbol at the bottom of the main page of the website A scientific review to determine if creatine supplements are effective in improving performance that appears on national institutes of health office of dietary supplements page at. htttp://ods.od.nih.gov

Clinical dietitian

A registered dietitian who works in an outpatient hospital setting helping people who have recently had heart attacks develop more healthy eating habits.

According to some nutrition scientists, vitamin E is a key beneficial nutrient.

False

The digestive system relies on many organs and organ components to digest food and absorb nutrients from food. Arrange the digestive organs and organ components in the order that they function for digestion and absorption.

Stomach Pyloric sphincter Duodenum Jejunum lleum

Liver

The liver has many functions, including the storage of several nutrients and detoxification of many harmful substances.

The MyPlate icon does not identify specific foods that should be chosen from each food group.

True

Undernutrition during pregnancy can have serious consequences for a woman and her infant. Select all of the following statements that apply to undernutrition during pregnancy.

Undernutrition during pregnancy can lead to the birth of a baby with breathing problems. Undernutrition during pregnancy can lead to the birth of a high-birth-weight baby. Undernutrition during pregnancy increases the mother's risk of dying during childbirth. Undernutrition during pregnancy increases the mother's risk of giving birth too early.

Experiment (intervention) study

large group of people with arthritis are divided into two groups. The members of one group are given pills that contain the dietary supplement and others are given the placebos. Members of each group do not know if they are taking the supplement or the placebo.

Legal definition of foods by FDA

Fat-free foods provide less than 0.5 g of fat per serving. Low-fat foods contain 3 g fat or less per serving. Reduced fat foods provide at least 25% less fat per serving than the reference food. Extra lean describes meat or poultry that provides less than 5 g of fat, 2 g of saturated fat, and 95 mg of cholesterol per serving.

Sierra consumes an average of 2800 kcal/day. She would like to follow the recommendation concerning intake of added sugars that is highlighted in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines. Based on this information, Sierra should limit her added sugar intake to less than ______ kcal/day.

280

Which of the following statements best describes the amount of energy in one kilocalorie?

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Not reliable source of nutrition information

A pop-up ad for B vitamins that promotes "endless energy" when you are doing a general web search on natural sleep aids A website with a subscription-based product that promises to tell you about the weight-loss secret physicians and dietitians don't want you to know about

Keira is overweight and has a condition called prediabetes. To help her lose weight, she would like reliable advice from a healthcare professional who has specific knowledge of foods, nutrition, and diet therapies. Which of the following persons should she contact for help?

A registered dietitian who counsels patients in a hospital clinic.

Which of the following substances has the lowest pH?

Gastric juice

Which of the following foods would be classified as a source of empty calories by MyPlate?

Grape Jelly

Many of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States are associated with certain dietary practices. What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?

Heart disease and cancer

Chyme

In the stomach, food becomes a watery mixture that is called chyme.

Primary organs of the digestive system in order that they function for digestion, absorption and elimination

Mouth and salivary glands Stomach Small intestine Colon Rectum

Phytochemicals

Non-nutrient compounds that are made by plants and may influence health are called phytochemicals.

Which of the following statements is true?

Nutrient deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients.

Macronutrient's

Nutrients required in grams per day, Carboyhydrates, Fats, Energy-yielding nutrient, and proteins

Antioxidants

Some nutrients function as antioxidants; these are substances that protect other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain environmental factors.

Chemistry

Studying nutrition means you must also have an understanding of chemistry, the study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that occur to matter.

Experiment

Systematic testing of a hypothesis

Energy-dense

The energy value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how energy-dense a food is.

Cell

The smallest living functional unit in an organism is called a(n) cell.

Tongue and teeth

The tongue is involved in the taste of food and facilitates swallowing. The teeth mechanically break food into small pieces.

After a particularly strenuous workout at the gym, Jaime purchased an electrolyte-replacement drink. According to the Nutrition Facts panel on the product's label, each 8-oz serving of the drink supplies 60 kcal. Jaime was so thirsty, he drank the entire contents of the bottle (32 oz). How many kcal of this product did he consume?

There are four 8-oz servings in the 32 oz bottle (32/8 = 4). Each serving has 60 kilocalories. 60 × 4 = 240 kilocalories.

Conventional wisdom

Traditional belief

Biotechnology involves the use of living things to improve manufactured products.

True

Which of the following nutrients is the most essential for life?

Water

Epidemiology

an aspect of epidemiology involves studying causes of health problems in a population

A diet is likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if _______.

average daily intakes for nutrients meet RDA or AI values

Epidemiological Studies

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

A ______ transports lipids in the bloodstream.

chylomicron

Which of the following activities is an alternative health care practice?

drinking green tea to lose weight

Data

facts observed over the course of an experiment

Daily values are

is the generic nutrient standard used on nutrition fact labels that comprises of both reference daily intakes (RDIs) and daily reference values (DRVs). Applies to people over the age of 4 unless it is specifically marketed otherwise.

A lacteal is a...

lymph vessel within each villus

The first step of the scientific method usually involves

making observations

Two or more atoms that are held together by a chemical bond form a...

molecule

Chemical digestion begins in the....

mouth

If one molecule of ammonia (NH3) gains a hydrogen ion (H+), it becomes a _______.

positively charged ion

Fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except _______.

protein

Minerals

regulates body processes

Lance is experimenting in the kitchen and decides to make a gelatin salad. In a food science class, he learned that certain fresh and frozen fruits should not be used in gelatin recipes because they contain an enzyme that breaks down gelatin. Which of the following fresh fruits can he use to make the gelatin salad?

strawberries

Tiny, fingerlike projects of the small intestine that absorb nutrients are called...

villi

Hepatic portal vein

After being absorbed, many nutrients enter the hepatic portal vein and travel to the liver.

According to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is grouped with dairy products?

Cheese

Which of the following food-related practices is recommended because it can improve the environment?

Eating smaller food portions

Retrospective Cohort Study

Interview a large group of people about their health and past dietary practices including the kinds of foods they usually ate and which dietary supplements they used regularly.

Cholesterol

Keep consumption of cholesterol as low as possible.

pH in order of most acidic to least acidic/most basic

Lemon Juice Tomatoes Milk Baking soda

Which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994?

Melatonin

Micronutrients

Nutrients required in milligrams or micrograms per day, Vitamins, Minerals, Non-energy yielding nutrient

Which of the following statements is true?

RDAs contain a margin of safety.

Sodium Intake

Reduce daily sodium intake to less than 2300 mg per day.

What primary nutrient helps bile digest?

The primary nutrient that bile helps digest is fat.

pyloric sphincter

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which the watery food mixture leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

Organic refers to certain agricultural methods that can promote sustainability. If you are eating a certified 100% organic food, you can be confident that it has not been exposed to _______. Check all that apply.

antibiotics and hormones synthetic fertilizers and pesticides genetic modification ionizing radiation

Food systems management dietitian

A registered dietitian who works for a school district and is in charge of developing the school lunch menus, ordering food, and overseeing its distribution to the districts school-aged children.

REsearch dietitian

A registered dietitian who works for a university-based research group studying the effect of fiber intake on colon cancer risk in newly emigrated populations.

Prospective Cohort Study

A research team recruits a group of healthy people and studies them for 10 years to determine if any dietary practice is associated with an increased or decreased risk of arthritis.

Community dietitians

A registered dietitian who works at a clinic for low-income woman who recieve government assistance to help them purchases healthy food during pregnancy and breastfeeding and for their children under 5 years of age.

Dietary supplement manufacturers can bypass many of the strict regulations that apply to the introduction of new medications into the marketplace. Check all of the regulations with which dietary supplement manufacturers must comply.

Dietary supplement manufacturers can bypass many of the strict regulations that apply to the introduction of new medications into the marketplace. Check all of the regulations with which dietary supplement manufacturers must comply. Manufacturers must notify the FDA and provide the agency with information about the safety of any supplement that contains dietary ingredients that were not marketed in dietary supplements prior to 1994, unless the substance had been used in foods. Manufacturers are required to keep records concerning reports they receive about serious adverse health effects that may have been caused by their products.