dhs 11

True or False? Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for developing cancer of the cervix.

true

True or False? Nicotine increases the release of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, in the brain.

true

True or False? Nicotine is a stimulant.

true

True or False? Nicotine is one of thousands of chemicals in cigarettes.

true

True or False? Secondhand smoke is smoke released into the air from a lighted cigarette, cigar, or pipe tip, as well as exhaled smoke.

true

True or False? Smoking-related illnesses in the United States cost more than $300 billion each year.

true

benefits of cessation

1.A return to normalcy of heart rate and blood pressure (which are abnormally high while smoking). 2.A decline of carbon monoxide in the blood within hours. 3.Improved circulation, production of less phlegm, and decreased rate of coughing and sneezing within weeks. 4.Substantial improvements in lung function within several months. 5. Decreased risk for lung and other types of cancer. 6. Decreased risk for coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. 7. Decreased respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. 8. Decreased risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 9. Decreased risk for infertility in women. 10. Decreased risk of having a low birth weight baby.

People who stop smoking between the ages of 45 and 54 reduce their risk of dying prematurely by approximately __________ percent.

67

People who stop smoking at approximately age 40 reduce their risk of dying from smoking-related illness by greater than __________ percent.

90

which of the following is not a symptom of nicotine poising

addiction

secondhand smoke

contains approximately 70 carcinogens.

__________ is a lung disease common among smokers.

emphysema

__________ is another term for secondhand smoke.

environmental tobacco smoke

True or False? In 1930, health-warning labels appeared on all cigarette packages.

false

True or False? In 2004, the U.S. Surgeon General first reported that cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer.

false

True or False? Nicotine patches are available by prescription only.

false

True or False? Scientific studies have concluded that cigarette smoking is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

false

True or False? Smoking by pregnant women may result in premature birth and high birth weight.

false

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act:

gave the FDA the ability to regulate marketing and promotion of tobacco products.

The first European to inhale tobacco smoke was probably

rodrigo de jerez

__________ is finely ground tobacco that can be moist or dry.

snuff

government regulation

•1964: The Advisory Committee to the U.S. Surgeon General reported that cigarette smoking is related to lung cancer. •1970: Warnings on cigarette labels.

effects on pregnancy

•According to data from 24 states associated with the 2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System, approximately 10% of women reported smoking during the last 3 months of pregnancy. •Women who smoke during pregnancy are at an increased risk of miscarriage. Smoking during pregnancy can cause a baby to be born prematurely or have low birth weight. It is a risk factor of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Babies born to women who smoke are more likely to have certain birth defects, including a cleft palate or lip.

tobacco use without smoking

•Chewing tobacco and snuff. •Use can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence. •Contains 28 cancer-causing agents. •Smokeless tobacco is strongly associated with leukoplakia. •Smokeless tobacco increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas. •Smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy increases the risks for preeclampsia, premature birth, and low birth weight.

cigarette smoking

•Cigarette smokers not only tend to die at an earlier age than nonsmokers but also have a higher probability of developing certain diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, bronchopulmonary disease, and other illnesses.

cancer

•Cigarette smoking is a major cause of cancers of the lung, bladder, pancreas, cervix, esophagus, stomach, oral cavity, and kidney. •Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer by approximately 25-fold in men and 25.7-fold in women.

bronchopulmonary disease

•Cigarettes damage the airways and alveoli and cause emphysema and chronic airway obstruction.

history of tobacco use in america

•Cigars became popular in the United States in the early 1800s. •The introduction of the cigarette-rolling machine spurred cigarette consumption because cigarettes became less expensive

electronic cigarettes

•Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices designed to deliver nicotine or other substances to a user as a vapor. •The FDA has not evaluated e-cigarettes for effectiveness or safety.

family smoking prevention and tobacco control act

•Gave FDA authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products

current tobacco use in the US

•In 2014, 66.9 million Americans, or 25.2% of the population age 12 or older, reported current use of a tobacco product. •Approximately 31.1 percent of males and 19.7% of females age 12 or older were current users of any tobacco product.

pharmacology of nicotine

•It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid alkaloid. •When smoked, nicotine enters the lungs and is then absorbed into the bloodstream. •When chewed or dipped, nicotine is absorbed through the mucous lining of the mouth. •Amount of tobacco absorbed depends on -Exact composition of tobacco -How densely the tobacco is packed in the cigarette -Whether a filter is used and characteristics of filter -The volume of smoke inhaled -The number of cigarettes smoked

master settlement agreement

•Limitations on advertising •Ban on cartoon characters in advertising •Ban on "branded" merchandise •Limitations on sponsoring of sporting events •Disbanding of tobacco trade organizations •Funds designated to support anti-smoking measures and research to reduce youth smoking

history of tobacco use

•Mayans: tobacco smoke as "divine incense" •Turkey: poets vs. religious leaders •France: Louis XIII vs. Louis XIV •Nicholas Monardes: infallible cure •Pope Urban VII: excommunication for tobacco users

Tobacco Use: A Costly Addiction

•More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by HIV, illegal drug use, murders, alcohol use, suicides, and motor vehicle injuries combined.

tobacco production

•Nicotiana tabacum is the primary species of tobacco. •Flue-cured tobacco is cured with heat transmitted through a flue without exposure to smoke or fumes.

methods for quitting

•Nicotine gum •Nicotine patches •Nicotine spray •Nicotine lozenges •Bupropion •Varenicline

secondhand smoke

•Secondhand smoke includes a mixture of smoke that comes directly from the lighted tip of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe tip and exhaled smoke. •Passive smoking refers to nonsmokers' inhalation of tobacco smoke. •Secondhand smoke exposure causes an estimated 34,000 heart disease deaths annually in the United States.

cardiovascular disease

•Smoking causes coronary heart disease, a leading cause of death in the United States. •Compared with nonsmokers, smoking increases the risk of coronary heart disease two to four times. •Smoking puts smokers at greater risk for stroke.

physiological effects

•Stimulates central dopamine release •Stimulates cardiovascular system

light cigarettes

•There is no conclusive evidence of reduced health risks associated with low-tar cigarettes. •Filtered cigarettes reduce levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide at the mouth end of the filter and should be of some limited benefit. •Many smokers lose this benefit because they often smoke more cigarettes per day, increase puff number and volume, or block the filter holes with their fingers or lips.

Tobacco Use: Scope of the Problem

•Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease and premature death in the United States. -480,000 deaths annually in United States •Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death