diabetes prep u

A client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus asks why he needs ketone testing when the disease affects his blood glucose levels. How should the nurse respond? "The spleen releases ketones when your body can't use glucose." "Ketones will tell us if your body is using other tissues for energy." "Ketones can damage your kidneys and eyes." "Ketones help the physician determine how serious your diabetes

"Ketones will tell us if your body is using other tissues for energy." Explanation: The nurse should tell the client that ketones are a byproduct of fat metabolism and that ketone testing can determine whether the body is breaking down fat to use for energy. The spleen doesn't release ketones when the body can't use glucose. Although ketones can damage the eyes and kidneys and help the physician evaluate the severity of a client's diabetes, these responses by the nurse are incomplete.

A nurse is caring for a diabetic patient with a diagnosis of nephropathy. What would the nurse expect the urinalysis report to indicate? Albumin Bacteria Red blood cells White blood cells

Albumin Explanation: Nephropathy, or kidney disease secondary to diabetic microvascular changes in the kidney, is a common complication of diabetes. Consistent elevation of blood glucose levels stresses the kidney's filtration mechanism, allowing blood proteins to leak into the urine and thus increasing the pressure in the blood vessels of the kidney. Albumin is one of the most important blood proteins that leak into the urine, and its leakage is among the earliest signs that can be detected. Clinical nephropathy eventually develops in more than 85% of people with microalbuminuria but in fewer than 5% of people without microalbuminuria. The urine should be checked annually for the presence of proteins, which would include microalbumi

Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? Select all that apply. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine Rapid onset More common in type 1 diabetes Absent ketones Normal arterial pH level

Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine Rapid onset More common in type 1 diabetes DKA is characterized by an elevated BUN and creatinine, rapid onset, and it is more common in type 1 diabetes. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is characterized by the absence of urine and serum ketones and a normal arterial pH level.