Diet and Nutrition FINAL EXAM

School lunches are designed to provide at least_____ of the recommended intake for certain nutrients.

1/3rd of the recommended nutrient intake

In boys, the adolescent growth spurt peaks at ___ years old.

14

After cooking, foods should be held at ______ degrees F or higher until served.

140 degrees

For people over 70 years old, the best health and lowest risk of death have been observed in those who maintain a BMI between ____.

25-32 BMI

A pregnancy weight gain of ______ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights.

25-35 pounds

After the age of 50, the intake recommendation for energy assumes a ____ percent reduction in energy output per decade.

5%

Older adults should drink at least _____ cups of fluid a day to provide needed water.

6

It is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereals by about ___ months.

6 months old

Which of the following is not a function of Vitamin D? A. Acts like a hormone B. Stimulates maturation of cells C. Maintains calcium cells D. Builds tissue

A. Acts like a hormone

Some food sources of Vitamin D?

Butter, salmon, egg yolk, fortified milk

The vitamin Folate works together with ______________ to produce new red blood cells. A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin B-12 D. None of the above

C. Vitamin B-12

Vitamin C is required for the production and maintenance of?

Collagen

Which of the following is a function of Vitamin A in the body? A. Vision, bone, and body growth B. Immune defenses, maintenance of body linings and skin C. Normal cell development and reproduction D. All of the above

D) all of the above

Which of the following is a function of Vitamin B-12? A. Red blood cell formation B. Myelin sheath that protects nerve biers C. Vision D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

Which of the following is a function of Vitamin B-12? A. Influences the cells that build bone tissue B. Is essential to the formation of bone C. Helps maintain acid-base balance D. Maintains the sheaths that surround and protect nerve fibers

D. Maintains the sheaths that surround and protect nerve fibers

Common food sources of Vitamin A?

Dairy products and liver. Also broccoli, apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, sweet potato, spinach

The life-threatening food allergy reaction of anaphylactic shock is most often caused by?

Eggs, peanuts, and milk

True or False: Major minerals are more important than trace minerals in the body.

False; Trace is only referring to the amount needed in the body, but the body cannot function properly without these trace minerals. Example: Copper which assists iron in holding Oxygen.

Vitamin C helps maintenance and repair of collagen which does what?

Forms the base for all connective tissue in the body

Characteristics of breast milk include that...

It's sodium content is low

Vitamin B-12 deficiency caused by lack of intrinsic factor is called?

Pernicious anemia

What people need additional Vitamin K?

Premature newborns & people who do not have enough bile to absorb fat

The foodborne infection that is most commonly a result of eating contaminated eggs or poultry is:

Salmonellosis

Vitamin C deficiency is called?

Scurvy

Common function of Thiamin, Riboflavin and Niacin is that?

They all work as a part of a coenzyme used in energy metabolism

True or False: Numerous health organizations have concluded that irradiation of food is safe and can improve food safety in the United States.

True

True or False: The FDA has identified genetic modification of foods as the area of least concern in our food supply.

True

Zinc is required for normal sexual maturation.

True; Lack of zinc causes the sexual organs to not develop.

True or False: Iron from food comes in two forms, heme iron and non-heme iron.

True; Yes, heme is from animal sources and non-heme is from plant sources.

True or False: Excess iron is potentially toxic because it can begin free radical formation that results in oxidative damage to cells.

True; Yes. Excess iron can cause free radical formation and oxidative damage to cells.

True or False: Iodine is part of the thyroxin hormone responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate.

True; Thyroxin is a hormone needed for the body's metabolism. Iodine is part of this hormone.

Absorption of ____ appears to increase with aging.

Vitamin A

Which of the following is not true about Magnesium? a. 90% is found in the blood Only 1% of magnesium is found in the blood. b. Assists Calcium in contracting and relaxing muscles c. Energy release Magnesium assists in this function. d. Part of protein making machinery Magnesium assists in this function.

a. 90% is found in the blood; Only 1% of magnesium is found in the blood.

Which of the following is a Calcium function? a. Blood clotting b. Vision c. Cellular division d. Hormone function

a. Blood clotting; besides bone development, calcium is also essential for blood clotting mechanism.

Calcium and Phosphorus are the major minerals required for which of the following functions? a. Bone mineralization b. Vision c. Sexual maturation d. Heart beat

a. Bone mineralization

Which of the following conditions could lead to Potassium loss in the body? a. Dehydration caused by diuretics b. Consuming too much sodium This has no effect on potassium levels. c. Consuming too little potassium foods d. Excess potassium

a. Dehydration caused by diuretics; Diuretics cause water loss accompanied by Potassium. Diuretics should only be taken with physician supervision, so that blood levels of Potassium can be monitored.

One of the following is true about Potassium. a. Found inside body cells to maintain its integrity b. Essential for vision Potassium has no function here. c. Essential for bone formation d. Required for hearing

a. Found inside body cells to maintain its integrity; Potassium is located inside cells and helps the cell to draw water and maintain its shape.

Which of the following is characteristic of colostrum? a. It contains antibodies from the mother's blood. b. It contains white blood cells from the mother's blood. c. It may transmit a bacterial infection to the infant if the mother has one.

a. It contains antibodies from the mother's blood.

Which of the following describes foods preferred by children? a. hot vegetables b. mild flavors c. overcooked vegetables d. foods with lumps in them

b. mild flavors

Which of the following nutrients is related to the prevention of neural tube defects? a. Vitamin B-6 b. Vitamin B-12 c. Folate d. Zinc

c. Folate

Zinc is required for all the following except: a. Part of hemoglobin b. Metabolizes carbohydrate, protein and fat c. Required for bone mineralization d. Helps pancreas in digestive function

c. Required for bone mineralization; zinc is not required for bone materialization

Which of the following has a minimum estimated requirement? a. Zinc This has an RDA established. b. Calcium c. Sodium Only Sodium has a minimum estimated requirement of 500 milligrams. d. Iron

c. Sodium; Only Sodium has a minimum estimated requirement of 500 milligrams.

A pregnant woman should strive to meet her DRI for _____ by increasing intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other foods rich in this mineral, or by taking a 600 mg supplement daily.

calcium

All pregnant women need generous amounts of _______ to spare their protein and to provide energy.

carbohydrates

Dietary deficiency of Iodine will cause __________. a. Mental retardation in babies b. Physical retardation in babies c. Goiter in adult d. All of the above

d. All of the above; Correct. All of the above are results of iodine deficiency.

Which of the following statements about the "Core Four" practices for sanitation is accurate? a. In addition to soap, you need to use an alcohol-based sanitizer to clean your hands. b. Sponges should not be used to wipe surfaces because they cannot be sanitized. c. Raw ground beef can be safely kept in the refrigerator at 40 degrees F for a week. d. Foods should be kept out of the food danger zone of 40 degrees F to 140 degrees

d. Foods should be kept out of the food danger zone of 40 degrees F to 140 degrees

Which of the following is not a food source for Calcium? a. Green leafy vegetables b. Milk products c. Cheese d. Oils

d. Oils

Which of the following vitamins assists in iron absorption? a. Vitamin E b. Calcium c. Niacin d. Vitamin C

d. Vitamin C; Correct. Vitamin C will assist in the absorption of non-heme iron.

You become ill with vomiting, intestinal cramps, and bloody diarrhea a day after eating a hamburger. What type of illness should you suspect?

e-cool infection

Which of the following is a function of Sodium in body fluids? a. Maintains fluid balance b. Acid base balance c. Nerve transmission d. Muscle contraction e. All of the above

e. All of the above; All these are important functions of sodium in the body fluids.

Research suggests that ______ may worsen "hyper" behavior in children.

food colors

What is the beneficial reason for purchasing organic fresh fruits and vegetables rather than conventionally grown foods?

growing methods used don't harm the environment

Since 1950, the number of people ____ years old in the U.S. has increased 7 fold.

over 85

Women who have uncontrolled high blood glucose levels during pregnancy may experience complications such as?

pre-term labor