Digestive quiz

Esophageal sphincters

- Allow the passage from mouth to esophagus and from esophagus to stomach, prevent back flow from stomach to esophagus and from esophagus to mouth

llececal valve (sphincter)

- Allows passage from small to large intestine; prevents back flow rom large intestine

Appendix

- House bacteria and lymph cells

List all the sphincters/valves that regulate the digestive tract and the organs that it separates

- Upper esophageal sphincter - separates pharynx and esophagus - Lower Esophageal Sphincter (cardiac sphincter) - separates esophagus and stomach - pyloric sphincter - separates stomach and SI - Ileocecal valve - separates SI and LI - Internal anal sphincter - smooth muscle that controls outflow of stool - External anal sphincter - skeletal muscle that controls outflow of stool

Pancreas

- manufactures enzymes to digest all energy- yielding nutrients and releases bicarbonate to neutralize acid chyme that enters the small intestine

pyloric sphincter:

Allows passage from stomach tosmall intestine; prevents back flow from small intestine

Recognize that sphincter muscles control opening and closing of GI organs.

During a swallow, the esophageal sphincter opens. The lower esophageal sphincter closes behind the bile therefore it cant slip back into the esophagus. The pyloric sphincter stays closed most of the time and holds the chyme in the stomach long enough for it to be mixed. It also prevents the intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach. The sphincter of the anus prevents continuos elimination

Name the substance as it passes through each part of the digestive tract -

Food - input into oral cavity - Bolus - forms in oral cavity and moves through pharynx, esophagus into stomach - Chyme - moves through stomach, SI - Feces (stool) - begins in LI, moves through rectum and excreted out anal canal

Know the anatomy of the stomach and the stomach wall Stomach:

J-shaped muscular organ that receives and mixes food with digestive juices, and propels food to small intestineChurning: the only mechanical digestion in the stomach. Gross Anatomy 1. Layers of the stomach: Longitudinal muscle, Circular muscle, and Oblique muscle 2. Gastric rugae is the wrinkles on the lumen of the stomach 3. Pyloric sphincter: regulates the entrance of chime into the duodenum of the small intestine 4. Duodenum: first portion of the small intestine; C-shaped

Explain how foods move through the digestive system, describing the actions of the organs, muscles, and digestive secretions along the way.

ingestion Mouth- chews and mixed food with saliva Pharynx- Directs food from mouth to esophagus Salivary glands- secrete saliva Epiglottis - Protects airways during swallowing Trachea- Allows air to pass to and from lungs Esophagus- Passes food from the mouth to the stomach Esophageal sphincters- Allow the passage from mouth to esophagus and from esophagus to stomach, prevent back flow from stomach to esophagus and from esophagus to mouth Diaphram- Separates the abdomen from the thoracic activity Stomach- churns, mixes, and grinds food to a liquid mass; adds acid, enzymes, and fluid pyloric sphincter: Allows passage from stomach tosmall intestine; prevents back flow from small intestine Liver- Manufactures bile salts, detergent-like substances, to help digest fats Gallbladder- Stores bile until needed Bile Duct- Conducts bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine Appendix- House bacteria and lymph cells Small intestine- Secretes enzymes that digest all energy- yielding nutrients to smaller nutrient particles; cells of wall absorb nutrients into blood and lymph llececal valve (sphincter) - Allows passage from small to large intestine; prevents back flow rom large intestine Pancreas- manufactures enzymes to digest all energy- yielding nutrients and releases bicarbonate to neutralize acid chyme that enters the small intestine Pancreatic duct- Conducts pancreatic juice from the pancreas to the small intestine Large intestine- Absorbs water and minerals; passes waste along with water to rectum Rectum - Stores wate prior to elimination anus- holds rectum closed; opens to allow elimination

Trace the path of food through the digestive system

ingestion, mouth, pharynx, salivary glands, epiglottis, trachea, esophagus, esophageal sphincters, diaphragm, stomach, pyloric sphincter, liver, gallbladder, bile duct, appendix, small intestine, lleocecal valve (sphincter) pancreas, pancreatic duct, large intestine, rectum, anus