Digestive System Review McGraw Hill Connect
The submucosa of the duodenum contains coiled, tubular mucous glands called __________, which open into the base of the intestinal glands.
Brunner glands
In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between __________.
Carbon dioxide and water.
Shortly after a meal, the gallbladder contracts in response to stimulation by __________.
Cholecystokinin.
Which of the following would occur in an individual if they had their stomach removed?
Difficulty absorbing vitamin B12.
Which of the following would occur after removal of the gallbladder?
Difficulty digesting a fatty meal.
Dipeptides and tripeptides enter intestinal epithelial cells by __________.
H+ symport.
Which of the following is responsible for nearly all cases of peptic ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori.
What is the function of bicarbonate when it is secreted by the large intestine?
It increases the pH of the feces, which are acidic because of bacterial secretions.
Which of the following inhibits the secretion of the gastric glands?
Low pH in the duodenum.
Glucose is absorbed by __________ into the intestinal epithelial cells.
Na+ symport.
Which component(s) of the pharynx are normally involved with digestion?
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
Lymphatic nodules called __________ are numerous in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum, and initiate immune responses against microorganisms that enter the digestive tract.
Peyer patches
Where does the chemical digestion of disaccharides occur?
Small intestine.
Which of the following is not a tunic of the gallbladder wall?
Submucosa.
What is ascites?
The excess accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
Oral sodium phosphate tabs are used to induce diarrhea in preparation for a colonoscopy. Which of the following explains how this medication works?
The intestinal chyme increases in osmolarity, and water moves from the blood to the lumen.
The __________ cells of the mucosa have microvilli and digestive enzymes on their surface.
absorptive
The pancreatic islets
are endocrine in function.
If the cystic duct was blocked by a gallstone,
bile would not be able to pass from the gallbladder to the small intestine.
All of the following are muscles of mastication, except the ______________.
buccinator
Ion exchange molecules in the plasma membrane of the parietal cells
exchange bicarbonate ions going out for chloride ions coming in.
Chylomicrons move out of intestinal epithelial cells by _________.
exocytosis.
Mass movements in the colon are stimulated by
food in the stomach and chyme in the duodenum.
The hormone _________ stimulates gastric gland secretions.
gastrin
The _____________ phase of gastric regulation is initiated when acidic chyme enters the duodenum and stimulates the secretion of hormones and local reflexes that inhibit gastric activity.
gastrointestinal
The __________ cells of the mucosa are also known as Paneth cells and may help protect the intestinal epithelium from bacteria.
granular
All of the following are substances found within saliva, except _________.
hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid is formed when
hydrogen ions and chloride ions join in the duct of the gastric gland.
Defecation is stimulated by
local and parasympathetic reflexes.
Proton-pump inhibitors prevent the antiport of H+ and K+ in parietal cells. As a result,
pH of the stomach lumen will increase.
If the hepatopancreatic ampulla was blocked by a gallstone,
pancreatic juice could pass through the accessory pancreatic duct.
Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be __________.
retroperitoneal
The oral cavity secretes _________, which neutralizes bacterial acids, flushes bacteria from the oral cavity, and has weak antibacterial activity.
serous saliva.
Segmental contractions are mixing contractions that occur predominantly in the _________________.
small intestine.
The enteric plexus is composed of the _________ and the __________.
submucosal plexus; myenteric plexus
Mass movements of the colon are integrated by
the enteric plexus.