Digital Microprocessor, Microcontroller and Programmable Logic Devices Principles
What is a MICROPROCESSOR?
A complex logic element that preforms arithmetic, logic and control operations
What is a MICROCONTROLLER?
A specialist microcomputer that is designed as a dedicated or embedded controller that helps monitor and control the operation of a machine, a piece of equipment or a process
What are the TWO DIFFERENT METHODS of IO and OP PORT ARCHITECTURE?
Accumulator I/O Memory Mapped I/O
What are the THREE COMMUNICATION BUSSES?
Address Bus Data Bus Control Bus
What is a PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICE?
An IC that contains a large number of logic gates whose interconnections can be modified by the user to preform a specific function
What is the BLOCK DIAGRAM for a MICROPROCESSOR?
Arithmetic Logic Unit Controller/Sequencer
What is the ADDRESS BUS?
Carries information from the controller/ALU to the various device and memory locations to ensure only the selected device is accessed UNI-DIRECTIONAL
What is the DATA BUS?
Carries instructions between the memory, interface adapter, and controller/APU BI-DIRECTIONAL
What is the CONTROL BUS?
Carries the signal from the controller/ALU to the memory and interface adaptors UNI-DIRECTIONAL
What is a MICROCOMPUTER?
Contains a microprocessor as well as other circuits such as memory devices to store information, interface adapters and a clock to act as a master timer
What are COMPUTER WORDS?
Data Instructions ASCII Character Address
What are HCPLD?
High Capacity Programmable Logic Devices - CPLD - FPGA
What is INTERRUPT CONTROL?
More effective than program control, an I/O device can notify the microcontroller that it is ready to send input data or accept output data A program that must be written to service the interrupt and is called an interrupt service routine
What are the TWO SIMPLEST FORMS of I/O PORT DEVICES?
Output Latch Input Buffer
What are the TWO FORMS of I/O and O/P CONTROL?
Program Control Interrupt Control
How many GATES do PLD's TEND to HAVE?
SPLD - 600 HCPLD - Thousands and Hundreds of Thousands
What are the THREE TYPES of PLD?
Simple Programmable Logic Devices (SPLD) Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
What is the MEMORY UNIT in a MICROCOMPUTER?
Stores the program as well as temporary data associated with the execution of the program itself
What is OUTPUT?
The conversion of information within the microcontroller/microcomputer into a form that can exist or be sensed outside the computer
What are INPUT and OUTPUT PORTS?
The point at which the data enters and leaves the computer
What is INTERFACING?
The process of connecting input and output devices with incompatible signals to the computer, uses DAC's and ADC's INTERFACING ADAPTER UNIT
What is INPUT?
The process of transferring data, programs or signals into a microcontroller/microcomputer system
What is the PURPOSE of the ALU in the MPU?
To accept binary data from the accumulator and data register and execute arithmetic operations on this data according to the instructions received from the control unit
What is the PURPOSE of the CONTROLLER/SEQUENCING UNIT?
To provide a variety of control signals to carry out the instruction. Determines the sequence of events necessary to complete the operation described by the instruction
What are the THREE COMMUNICATION STANDARDS?
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Two Wire Interface (TWI) aka Inter-Intergrated Circuit (IIC)
What is PROGRAM CONTROL?
When the microcontroller has few other tasks and all the input devices can be used adequately used at regular intervals, all transfers can be controlled by the program The program must be in a tight loop so as to repeatedly monitor/read inputs and write to outputs, this is known as polling
