divergent thinking

synaesthesia

--different sensory & verbal systems appear crossed -"hear" coors -words evoke sounds etc

challenge of a fixed mindset

-avoid challenges -less resilient in the face of set back stereotype threat (self): short term: anxiety long term: disidentification stereotypes persist (others) reject information that contradicts "exception"

evidence to humans changing

-babies orient to learn -working memory practice fluid intelligence ---some controversy -brain plasticity -personality traits modify with new roles, life experiences

neuroscience of connect brainset

-defocused attention -activation of right hemisphere PFC -activation of association areas

in experiment: growth mindset

-less hatred -less shame -less desire for vengeance

how much less did growth mindset assign hot sauce

40% less --3x as many prosocial notes (concern & compassion)

ideational fluency

ability to generate large numbers of potential solutions to a creative problem --quality is a function of quantity

connect brainset

ability to generate lots of ideas many possible answers (versus absolutes) connections between disparate objects and concepts

carol dweck's hallmark of human nature

capacity to: -adapt -change -grow built in ability to learn

in experiment: fixed mindset

consistently & signtificantly predicted: -heightened desire for aggressive retaliation -a higher intention to engage in aggressive retaliation

how is connect similar to absorb & envision

filtering stops novel and complex attracts judgement is suspended

entity theory

fixed mindset --core qualities are built in, fixed by nature e.g. intelligence, moral character

six session of "growth mindset"

focused on: -thoughts & feelings "live" in brain -thoughts & feelings control behavior -brain can be changed -people aren't inherently bad -change is not easy, not likely, but always possible

brainstorming

generate as many ideas as possible without judging later review, process of eliminating some, building on and/or combining others --does it work? eh

incremental theory

growth mindset ---qualities can be developed through nature and effort e.g. effort, education, development

unreasonable problems

illogical -one right solution -no protocols to get to solution -insight

how to teens tend to see peers

in terms of fixed traits

examples

israelis & palestinians the more general fixed mindset about a group -- more negative attitudes toward palestinians

reasonable problems

logical single end-point as a solution you can you logic or reason to find the solution

ill-structured problems

open-ended -more than one possible solution -no guide lines for how to solve ---rapid changes in environment increase the likelihood of this type of problem and finding solution is essential

divergent thinking

process of generating multiple related ideas for a given topic --spontaneous & free flowing

growth mindset

seek out challenging learning opportunities higher motivation during academic transition understand other's behavior in terms of situations and psychological processes

accessing knowledge

semantic network theory --node --link spreading activation ---thinking of one thing and leading to another

goal-directed activity

to increase motivation to pursue & persevere with a creative project --play --reward --move to positive mood ---laughter, fast thinking --good mood, all is well -increased "agency" --exposure to bright light

convergent thinking

using the brain (knowledge & memories) to identify one right answer to a well defined problem ex: exams and quizzes, standardized tests

anti-bullying

work well with younger kids but don't work as well with teens