DMS 201 Final study

The crown-rump length measurement may be used up to the _____ gestational week.

12th

How large is the mean diameter of a follicular cyst at ovulation in a normal?

15 to 25 millimeters

A dominant follicle grows at a rate of approximately:

2.0 mm/day

Select the transducer which would be the best selection to image an obese third trimester patient.

2.5 MHz curved linear

Multiple gestations occur in approximately _____ of in vitro fertilization (IVF).

25%

The success rate of GIFT and ZIFT are approximately ____________ per cycle.

25%

In the 2nd trimester the normal cervical length measures:

3 to 4 cm

Before embryo transfer into the uterus, the oocytes are fertilized and incubated for ___________.

48 to 74 hours

How long after fertilization does an embryo transfer occur?

5 to 6 days

Which of the following hormones resumes with a decrease in estrogen and a positive feedback loop?

FSH

Fertilization takes place within the woman's body in:

GIFT

Identify the echogenic structure located within the endometrium.

IUCD

Select the formula used to calculate ovarian volume.

L × W × H × 0.523

Infection of the upper genital tract.

PID

Which of the following about the ovaries is FALSE?

The ovaries are attached at the anterior aspect of the broad ligaments.

Which of the following statements about a pseudogestational sac is FALSE?

a pseudogestational sac is eccentrically located within the endometrium.

An infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called:

a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)

Select the mIU/mL discriminatory cutoff for b-hCG.

above 1,500 to 2,500

The process of gastrulation transforms the embryonic disc into which of the following?

all of the above: endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

The primary goal/s of sonograms being conducted during the embryologic period may be for which of the following indication/s?

all: a. R/O impending spontaneous abortion b. determination of implantation site c. fetal number d. evaluation of maternal adnexal areas

Which portion of the fallopian tube has the highest incidence of ectopic gestations?

ampullary

The term sonolucent is a misnomer when it is used to describe which echogenicity?

anechoic

What refers to a person's capacity to formulate, express, and carry out value-based preferences?

autonomy

Fetal interests in sonography are understood exclusively in terms of:

beneficence

Choose the uterine type identified on the image.

bicornuate

What is the products of conception called that is 5 days after fertilization?

blastocyst

Which statement about the gestational sac is FALSE?

blood tests should be positive 7 to 10 hours after conception.

A gestational sac in which the embryo fails to develop describes:

both: blighted ovum & anembryonic pregnancy

Sonographers and clinicians use __________ to date a pregnancy.

both: menstrual age & gestational age

This ligament contains the uterine blood vessels and nerves.

broad ligament

A hyperplastic protrusion of the epithelium of the cervix; may be broad based or pedunculated:

cervical polyps

Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all except which of the following?

cervical stenosis

There is an increase risk of complete hysterectomy when an ectopic pregnancy is located in the:

cervix

Select the term describing an oocyte without maternal chromosomes resulting in proliferation of swollen chorionic villi and the absence of identifiable embryonic structures.

complete hydatidiform mole

The most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is:

congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia

Which of the following types of ectopic pregnancy implants in a uterine horn?

cornual

In endovaginal scanning, the scanning plane 90 degrees from the sagittal plane is the:

coronal plane

After ovulation, progesterone is secreted by:

corpus luteum

All of the following are qualitative measures of fetal viability EXCEPT:

crown rump length

The major biologic effects of ultrasound are believed to be:

d. all of the above: a. thermal b. production and collapse of gas-filled bubbles c. cavitation

Findings in ectopic pregnancy include all EXCEPT which of the following?

doubling of the serum beta hCG every other day

Which neoplasm is associated with gonadal dysgenesis?

dysgerminoma

Which of the following is a uterine anatomic cause of infertility?

endometrial polyp

Choose the definition for a blood-filled ovarian cyst resulting from endometrial implants.

endometrioma

Identify the type of ovarian cyst demonstrated on the image.

endometrioma

Which of the following is implantation of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus?

endometrioma

Infection of the endometrium

endometritis

When evaluating the infertile patient, in addition to assessing structural anatomy, the sonographer should evaluate the:

endometrium

Which of the following is the inner uterine lining?

endometrium

Follicle size and ____________ determine the approximate time of ovulation.

estradiol levels

What is the discipline that seeks to articulate clear and practical guidelines for conduct and character?

ethics

Conceptional age of a fetus is from the time of fertilization, and is commonly used in sonography.

false

Fibroids diminish in size during pregnancy

false

The blastocyst burrows into the endometrium at the site of the outer cell mass.

false

The postpartum presentation of an invasive mole is characterized by amenorrhea.

false

The primary yolk sac can be seen with sonography.

false

Which term describes placement of the sperm and ova into the fallopian tube?

gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Select the hormone secreted by both the syncytiotrophoblast and placenta.

hGC

Select the definition of a low-resistance arterial flow.

high systole, high diastole

Identify the sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the patient with Asherman's syndrome.

hypoechoic bridgelike bands

Which of the following cardiac malformations are identifiable in the first trimester?

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Which type of fertilization occurs inside the body?

in vivo fertilization

Identify the type of ectopic pregnancy that is surrounded by less than 5 mm of myometrium.

interstitial

Which type of ectopic pregnancy implants on previous cesarean scars?

intramural

The extensive chorionic villi invasion is characteristic of a/an

invasive mole

What statement about Meigs syndrome is FALSE?

it is associated with theca lutein cysts.

Where should the sonographer obtain the uterine artery Doppler?

laterally at the cervical level

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of what muscles?

levator ani and coccygeus

Select the most common infertility cause.

male problems

Select the sonographic findings that increase suspicion of a choriocarcinoma.

mass invasion through the uterine myometrium to the serosa with hypoechoic liver lesions

Which of the following is the spontaneous failure and expulsion of an early pregnancy?

miscarriage

Choriocarcinoma occurs most commonly after:

molar pregnancy

Obstetric (OB) ultrasound allows the clinician to assess all except which of the following?

muscle tone

A 30-year-old, G4P2A1 presents to the department with right lower quadrant pain. Her b-hCG is 1,500, and she is 7 weeks by LMP. The sonographer images the double decidual sign, an embryo, and an endometrial thickness of 9 mm. The right ovary demonstrates increased color Doppler flow in a ringlike pattern. What is the most likely differential for this patient's history and sonographic findings?

normal pregnancy

Identify one of the abnormalities in the images of an early pregnancy.

omphalocele

Which of the following demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion?

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

What is the physiologic status of prepuberty?

premenarche

In the luteal phase, the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from not enough:

progesterone

Which hormone exhibits a thermogenic effect thereby elevating the basal body temperature and indicating a normal secretion of the hormone?

progesterone

Identify the endometrial stage demonstrated on this image.

proliferative

Which plane divides the body into right and left sections?

sagittal

Infection contained in the fallopian tubes

salpingitis

Infections involving the tubes and ovaries

salpingo-oophoritis

Identify the uterine type on the image.

septate

A heterotopic pregnancy is:

simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy

The functional layers of the endometrium are vascularized by what arteries?

spiral

The most common cause of vaginal bleeding in the 1st trimester is:

subchorionic hemorrhage

What is a psychological phenomenon involving blocked intentions, plans, and projects?

suffering

Which term describes an abnormally fast heart rate?

tachycardia

Implantation occurs at the blastocyst stage 6-8 days post ovulation.

true

Severe inflammation leading to large abscesses

tubo-ovarian abscess

In vitro fertilization, the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to within 1.0 to 1.5 cm of the apex of the __________.

uterine fundus

The preembryonic phase occurs during which portion of the gestation?

weeks 1 to 3