DNA unit quiz (3/21/18)
What are the 4 types of nucleotides?
1) Adenine 2) Guanine 3) Cytosine 4) Thymine
Codon =
3 nucleotides together
What are the pairing rules?
A - T G - C
Define Mutation
A change in an organisms DNA
Define Double Helix
A long polymer made of small units (monomers) called nucleotides.
What type of system does replication have?
A proofreading system to fix any errors
What phrase is used to describe the structure of DNA?
Double Helix
What are the nucleotides held together by?
Hydrogen Bonds
Mutations can be...
Neutral (do nothing), Harmful, beneficial
What award did Watson and Crick win?
Nobel Prize (1962)
What is translation done by?
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Who produced X ray photographs of DNA, which helped Watson and Crick with their model. Did she win the Nobel too?
Rosalind Franklin (1951) No
Where does replication occur?
The nucleus
Define Replication
The process of copying of DNA.
What is the new rule for transcription?
U replaces T
Who created the model shape of DNA?
Watson and Crick (1953)
Mutations in body cells...
affect only the organism itself and arn't passed to offspring.
Define mutagen and examples
agents in the environment that can cause a change in DNA. (UV lighting, industrial chemicals)
Each codon represents...
an amino acid
Define messenger DNA
an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein.
What do DNA polymerases do? what is the result?
enzymes that bond new nucleotides together. results in 2 new identical strands of DNA
What do RNA polymerases do?
enzymes that bond nucleotides to a mRNA strand. (One side of DNA is used)
Mutations in sex cells (egg and sperm)...
may be passed to offspring.
Define Transcription
process of copying info from DNA to mRNA.
Where does transcription occur?
the nucleus
Define Translation
the process that converts info into mRNA into proteins.