Donna- Use This Study Set To Study For LMSW Exam

Ethnocentrism

A belief that holds ones own culture, ethnic, or racial group as superior to others

Gestalt Therapy

focus on here and now role playing empty chair techniques

acute med problem

focus on med eval first

victim of DV

focus on medical and safety issues

Existential therapy

focus on one's existence, self awareness, freedom and responsibility.

Cognitive therapy

focuses on changing a person's irrational and distorted thoughts.

Erickson's Stages of Development - Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, guilt, and despair. Important Event - Reflection on Life

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

addresses unconscious and internal processes that motivate behavior; cognitive-behavior therapy is based on conscious thoughts.

B The symptoms described fit the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. Prozac is the only anti depressant medication listed in the choices.

You are working with a patient whose symptoms include: insomnia, lack of motivation, feelings of hopelessness, and isolation: The patient would MOST likely be prescribed: A. Lithium B. Prozac C. Xanax D. Zyprexa

B. Dating the sister of a client best fits the description of a multiple relationship. According to the NASW Code of Ethics (section 1.05 B) dual and multiple relationships are relationships that take place outside of the therapeutic context where there is a potential for harm to the client or exploitation. Dual relationships take place directly with the client whereas multiple relationships are indirect, albeit, inappropriate relationships that take place with clients.

You discover that your coworker is dating the sister of a client that he's actively meeting with for weekly sessions. This situation can BEST be described as: A. Acceptable behavior being as though the coworker is not dating the client B. A multiple relationship C. A boundary crossing D. Countertransference

Theories of Managment and Motivation- Classical Theory

Taylor, Fayol- developed first comprehensive theory of managment 1. Basic idea is that all work could be improved using scientific metholdology 2. Believed there was "one best way" to perform a task 3. Motivation based on money and increased income

Intimacy V Isolation

18-24 Intimacy (Close Relationships Formed) V Isolation (Distance from others)

Zero-Base Budgeting

1960-1970s Came at the same time as inters was placed on 1. direct citizen input 2. reorganization 3. legislative input (sunset laws) focuses attention on yearly quanitative measures in the areas of allocation, adminsitration, and economic efficiency. This emphasis is shifted in order to look at the achevement of the greatest policy outcome for the fewest number of dollars

HIPAA

1996- HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY ACND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT protects people's right to privacy, prohibits the unautherized or unprotected electronic transmission of health info, and holds insurance companies accountable

Preoperational

2-4 Preconceptual Phase 4-7 Intuitive Stage- The child continues to develop more sophisticated cognitive skills

Industry vs Inferiority

4th Stage of Erikson 6-11 years Asking, "how can I be good?" vital in developing self-confidence.

Identity vs confusion

5th stage 12-18 years "Who am I?"

Psychosexual Development, Latency Stage

6-12 years. Libidinal energy is diffuse not focused on any one areas of the body, and sexual instincts are repressed and dormant. The child works on solidifying the superego by playing with an identifying with same-sex children and assimilating social values from the larger society.

Intimacy vs Isolation

6th stage 19-40 will I be loved or be alone?

Concrete Operations

7-11 Children develop increased reasoning about their experiences

elders

80 and up encourage independence- provide physical, mental and social activities support end of life decisions- provide info, resources and so on assist a person in self care- promote med safety, provide safety grips, ram

Integrity vs. despair

8th stage of Erikson 65-death "Did I leave a meaningful life?" Proud vs. regret

Formal Operations

Adolescence Children learn to see logical relationships among diverse properties and gain abstract reasoning skills

Cluster B Personality Disorders

Dramatic, emotional, erratic antisocial borderline narcisstic histrionic

Systems Theory

Defined as a unit of related interaction components (subsystems) contained within an identifiable boundary - Boundaries can be physical, emotional, political, geographical, etc. - What affects one affects all - The entire system is greater than the sum of its parts

Tardive Dyskinesia

Condition that is caused from long-term use of typical antipsychotic medications

Erickson's Stages of Development - Industry vs. Inferiority

Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority. Important Event - School

Erickson's Stages of Development - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Children need to develop a sense of control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt Important Event - Toilet Training

Ego Syntonic

Description of traits, values, feelings, behaviors, ideas that are consistent with the person's ego - they feel real and acceptable to the consciousness.

Task Oriented Group: Theory Base

Eclectic Theory Base

Ego

Mediator between drives (ID) and external reality - Reality testing - Judgement - Regulate self-esteem - You can't always get what you want (reality principle) - If the ego is too strong - extremely rational and efficient, but cold, boring, distant

13-18

Puberty Genital Stage (12-18) Identity v Identity diffusion Formal-Operational Stage (11-18) Post Conventional Level (13+)

Factitious disorder

Factitious d/o involves falsification of symptoms in oneself or another person that are associated with an identified deception and engagement in deceptive behavior even in the absence of an external reward.

Anhedonia

The inability to feel joy or express pleasurable emotions

refugee

basic survival needs

Couples:

- Protect confidentiality of both parties including when a divorce or separation occurs - court proceedings can become complicated, and social workers should seek legal consultation. If only one party has authorized release of the records, the social worker should maintain confidentiality for both parties, and seek legal counsel. - The social worker should seek legal consultation to find out how to proceed, given the obligation to maintain confidentiality for both parties.

Dissociative Disorders

- Essential feature of these disorders is a disruption in the integration of consciousness as this relates to memory, identity, or perception of environment. - May be gradual, transient, or chronic

Reaction formation

- Reaction formation involves converting unwanted thoughts and feelings into their opposite. If this client were demonstrating reaction formation, she would be voicing pleasure or relief about the pending divorce.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

- Pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy - Originates in early adulthood - Exaggerated sense of self-importance, often displays conceited, boastful demeanor - Overestimates abilities and accomplishments

Prodromal

- Period of time before the onset of serious illness during which there may be subtle symptoms, such as before the onset of a full-blown psychotic episode

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

- Persistent and recurring feeling of being estranged from oneself, being a spectator of one life - Feeling detached from one's mental processes or body that is accompanied by intact reality testing (individual is aware that this is only a feeling and not reality)

Psychosocial (Hollis and Turner)

- Person in the Environment - Psychodynamic perspective -Primarily Ego psychology -Levels of personality Id- innate drives Superego- controls the drives Ego- Mature Processing -Conscious v Unconscious -Defense Mechanisms -Every person has some level of pathology -Role of the Social Worker: ventalization of feelings and emotions is therapeutic. Insight oriented approach: Insight into the conflict between the conscious and the unconscious - Social History: birth till now

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

- Physiological Needs (food, shelter, water, etc.) - Safety (security of body, resources, etc.) - Belonging (friendship, family, love) - Self Esteem (confidence, respect, self-esteem) - Self Actualization (morality, problem solving, acceptance of facts)

Attachment Phases

- Pre-attachment (birth to 12 weeks) * orient to mother, follows eyes, turns towards voice - Attachment in the Making (12 weeks to 6 months) * Infants become attached to 1 or more persons - Clear Attachment (6 months to 24 months) * Infants cry and show other signs of distress when separated from mother/caregiver. * Calms down when mother/caregiver returns - Fourth Phase (25 months and up) * Mother figure experienced as independent and more complex relationship develops

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

- Presence of obsessions (unwanted intrusive thoughts or images that repeat and bring distress - It is felt that compulsions are needed to help alleviate the stress of the intrusive thoughts/images - Obsessions/compulsions last at least one hour per day.

Premorbid

- Prior to the onset of an illness

antipsychotics

used for schizophrenia and mania halodol, clozaril, ability, risperdal, seroquel, zyprexa

The DSM-5 chapter, "Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders"

- collects conditions involving problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors, particularly those in which people are unable to resist performing acts harmful to themselves or others. - Impulse-specific disorders from the chapter include kleptomania and pyromania. Disruptive and conduct-specific disorders include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder, among others.

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

- describes how people navigate the life cycle by resolving specific issues at specific stages. The goal of the adolescent stage, which Erikson labels Identity versus Role Confusion, is to gain independence and forge an identity. When adolescents attempt to delay taking on adult responsibilities, they experience Role Confusion. - Initiative versus guilt is a stage children experience between the ages of three and five. - Competence is an issue for children ages six to twelve and involves learning new skills. - Erikson's theory discusses isolation as the time between 18 and 35 when people seek intimate relationships with a romantic partner.

Psychomotor agitation

- describes people who exhibit increased motor activity that does not serve any purpose. Pacing and handwringing are common examples. Psychomotor agitation sometimes accompanies schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The client may be able to concentrate on the discussion despite the need to move around.

Culture-specific syndromes

- don't neatly conform to Western categorization of mental illness, and are only found within certain ethnic populations. Examples include ataque de nervios dhat syndrome, khyâl cap, kufungisisa, maladi moun, shenjing shuairuo, susto, and taijin kyofusho. . - Taijin kyofusho is a culturally distinctive phobia, found in Japan, that refers to an intense fear that one's body, its parts or its functions, displease, embarrass, or are offensive to other people. - Shenjing shuairuo, which is found in primarily in China, , refers to physical or mental fatigue and excitability--something akin to a "nervous breakdown." - Taijin kyofusho involves an anxious shame about one's body, shenjing shuairuo is a mixed symptom episode.

Victims of child Abuse

- greater risk for substance abuse and often become physical abusers themselves - may be developed memory problems to help cope with the trauma - may have suffered physical damage affecting their cognition - often ashamed to answer questions about their past even when their memories are relatively intact

Cognitive behavioral therapy

- is based on a combination of behavioral theory, cognitive theory, and social learning theory. CBT recognizes that people learn behavior when it's modeled for them by others, and that their thoughts and expectations can play a major role in determining behavior. The therapy helps people change maladaptive behavior and identify and replace cognitive distortions.

Family systems theory

- is based on the assumption that people cannot be understood as separate individuals but only as part of their family; cognitive-behavior therapy focuses on people's thoughts and behaviors rather than their family relationships.

Personal Centered Approach

- is based on the idea that clients will find their own solutions and will get what they need out of treatment. The social worker provides the client with unconditional positive regard and acceptance, and the client uses the therapeutic relationship to work through their own issues. - Person-centered therapy, as described by Carl Rogers, helps build trust and a therapeutic relationship based on unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy.

Conflict theory

- is based on the idea that groups and individuals try to advance their own interests over the interests of others, who may feel oppressed as a result; it's not a central part of cognitive-behavior therapy.

Avoidant personality disorder

- is characterized by a long-standing fear of rejection and sense of inadequacy. People with avoidant personality disorder do not recognize their fears are irrational. They often lack social relationships and may have occupational problems. the client avoids social interactions and situations where she may feel rejected.

Humanistic Approach

- social workers help clients improve their self-concept and encourage feelings of self-worth, so they can work through their problems and recognize their full potential. With journaling and talking about feelings front-and-center, the intervention is most likely a humanistic approach.

Social learning theory

- states that people learn behavior by watching others. CBT recognizes that people can learn behavior when it is modeled for them by others. Also, a person's thoughts influences a person's behavior so a person's expectations can play a major role in determining behavior.

Antisocial personality disorder

- tends to peak in the late teenage years through the early twenties. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to improve around the age of thirty-five and many people in their forties and fifties report being in remission. - Consequences often have little to no impact on whether or not people change their behaviors when they have antisocial personality disorder. - Although personality disorders tend to be long-lasting, symptoms can certainly improve over time. - Antisocial personality disorder can be very difficult to treat. Direct confrontation can be effective, but not always when a professional is confronting the antisocial behaviors. Peer group interventions can sometimes be more helpful in motivating a person to change. - Family therapy isn't usually effective with people with antisocial personality disorder. - A humanistic approach isn't likely to be effective for a person with antisocial personality disorder. - Cognitive behavioral therapy isn't usually effective with antisocial personality disorder. - Allowing peers to directly confront a person's antisocial behaviors can be the most effective tool in creating change.

Death

- young children cannot grasp the finality of death and don't understand that death is permanent - The sudden, violent death of a loved one--especially a child--can lead to severe depression. Auditory and visual hallucinations are not uncommon in cases depression that follow a traumatic loss. - Complicated grief is not included in the dsm 5 - Since young children have a limited understanding of the finality of death, at this child's age it is developmentally appropriate to have magical thinking.

Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria

-2 or more of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period. At least one of these must be 1, 2, or 3. 1. delusions, 2 hallucinations 3 disorganized speech 4 grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5 negative symptoms (diminished emotional expression or avolition) -for a significan portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, level of cuntioning in one of more major areas -continuous signs o the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6 month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms that meet Criterion A. -Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder have been ruled out because 1) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred concurrently with the active phase symptoms. 2 ) if mood episodes have occurred during active phase symptoms they have been present for a minority of the total duration. -Disturbance is not attirbutable to physiological effects of a substance -if there is a history of the autism spectrum disorder or a communication disorder of childhood onset, the additional diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least 1 month.

Attachment Theory

-Adolescents give up their attachment to parents and transfer it to their peers -Adults maintain close relationships as a way to insure security and affection

Schizoaffective Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-An interrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia -Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during the lifetime duration of the illness -symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness -the disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance

Solution Focused Therapy

-Dont need to know the cause to intervene -Change takes place when clients focus on their goals and understand what they have to do to get there -Solution focused (hope) v. problem focused (despair)

Theories of Motivation

-Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Rensis Likert - Behavior Modification - Douglas McGregor (Theory X and Y) - Herzberg - Motivation Hygiene Theory

Cognitive Theory

-Overt behavior -Covert behavior (rules, beliefs, perceptions, attributions) -Behavior is learned through reinforcement and modeling

Motivational Interviewing 5 Steps

1. Use empathy to establish a connection 2. Note discrepancies between clients' behavior and their goals 3. Avoid Arguments- stay out of power struggles 4. Roll with Resistance- Acknowledge clients' reluctance to change 5. Support Self-Efficacy- Acknowledge that clients are in charge of their own lives

Antianxiety: Benzodiazepine

1. Valium (Diazepam) 2. Serax (Oxzepam) 3. Librium (Chlorodiazeposide) 4. Atarax, Vistaril (Hydroxyzine) 5. Xanax (Alprazolam) 6. Buspar (Buspirone) 7. Tranxene (Clorazepate) 8. Ativan (Lorazepam) 9. Klonopine (Anti-convulsant) 10. Inderol (beta- blocker)

Medication-Induced Movement disorders and other adverse effects of medication (12)

1. neuroleptic-induced parksonism 2. other medication induced Parkinsonism 3. neuroleptic Malignant sndrome 4. medication induced acute dystonia 5. medication induced acute akathisia 6. tardive dyskinesia 7. tardive dystonia 8. tardive akathisia 9. medication induced postrual tremor 10. other medication induced movement disorder 11. antidepressant discontinuation syndrome 12. other adverse effect of medication

Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (8)

1. oppositional defiant disorder specify: severity 2. intermittent explosive disorder 3. conduct disorder specify: a. childood-onset type b. adolescent-onset type c. unspecified onset specify: a. with limited prosocial emotions b. severity 4. antisocial personality disorder 5. pyromania 6. kleptomania 7. other specified disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorder 8. unspecified disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorder

Piaget's cognitive theory

1. sensorimotor (0-2) 2. preoperational (2-7) 3. concrete operational (7-11) 4. formal operations (11-maturity)

Social Work Core Values

1. service 2 social justice 3 dignity worth of a person 4 importance of human relationships 5 integrity 6 competence

Bowen model of family therapy

: helps each family member learn that it's okay to have separate thoughts and feelings while remaining connected to the family. - Goal of treatment: help avoid unhealthy triangles. Each person learns to tolerate the anxiety that accompanies feelings of closeness or distance - learn to be independent in healthy ways and not try to rescue one another from pain. Both husband and wife would learn to trust that their partner can handle negative emotions.

Generativity v Stagnation

24-64 Generativity (concern for failure generations) V Stagnation (self-concern)

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

2nd stage of Erikson 18months-3years assert independence making choices ad learning to control one's bodily functions and control of food, toys, clothes.

Stage 2 of Attachment

3-6 Months Distinguish between caregivers and strangers. They become upset when caregivers leave

Initiative V Guilt

3-6 years Initiative (ability to detect own actions) V Guilt (Anxiety about being bad)

Psychosexual Development, Phallic Stage

3-6 years. The child derives pleasure from genital stimulation. The Oedipal conflict (for boys) or Electra conflict (for girls) take place - the child feels unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent but represses this desire out of fear of punishment by the same-sex parent.

Kohlberg Stages Conventional

3. acts to gain approval 4. obeys laws and duties to maintain social system

Initiative vs guilt stage

3rd Stage of Erikson 3-5 years gaining control over environment. planning activities accomplishing tasks Success: sense of purpose Failure: sense of guilt

Prevalence of ADHD in America

5% of children, 2.5% of adults

Kohlberg Stage Post conventional Stage

5. genuine interest in welfare of others concerned with individual rights 6. guided by individual principles based on broad universal ethical principles. concern for larger universal issues of morality.

Industry V Inferiority

6-12 years Industry (skill competence) V Inferiority (sense of inadequacy)

Stage 3 of Attachment

6-9 Months Attached to the caregiver, stays close, maintains eye contact

Ego Integrity v Despair

65-Death Ego Integrity (satisfaction with life cycle) V Despair (Non-acceptance of life cycle)

Kohlberg Stage Two: Conventional Morality

7-13 Morality consists of maintaining good relations and moral approval of others Orientation to showing respect for authority and maintain social order for social order's sake Same as Piaget's Concrete Operational Sees everything as black and white

Generativity vs Stagnation

7th stage of Erikson age 40-65 strive to create things that will outlast them

Stage 4 of Attachment

9-12 Months Gains awareness of caregivers response to their behavior- when you smile they smile back

Stage 5 of Attachment

>12 Months Increased sensitivity of interaction between self and caregiver, responds to interactions, begins to show affection, and expectations

A: Refer the client to another professional promptly; emphasizing the need the client has to remain focused on resolving the important problems involved with any distraction. Feeding the behavior, allowing any level of inappropriate conduct, and confronting the client will only damage the important professional relationship that must exist.

A client develops romantic feelings for you, and repeatedly makes overtures and gestures indicating he/she would like to become involved. The BEST response would be to: A. Refer the client to another professional promptly, emphasizing the need the client has to remain focused on resolving the important problem without distractions B. Talk about how much you wish things were different but cite the code of ethics as a barrier to becoming involved C. Allow only a casually flirtatious relationship, making sure no legal "boundaries" are violated D. Confront the client and demand that he / she stop behaving inappropriately

C. The client's symptoms best fit the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Of the medications listed, C is the best answer being as though Abilify is an anti psychotic.

A client has been experiencing auditory and visual hallucinations. The client believes, despite evidence to the contrary, that thoughts are being placed in his head by an external source. Additionally, the client's speech and behavior are grossly disorganized and bizarre. The client is scheduled to receive a psychiatric evaluation. Which medication will this client most likely be prescribed? A. Ativan B. Lithium C. Abilify D. Prozac

C. In this case, the cognitive behavioral therapist would most likely focus on the client's distorted sense of self as CBT therapist work towards addressing faulty perceptions and irrational thinking that causes dysfunctions.

A client in an initial interview reveals feelings of worthlessness, guilt and hopelessness about the future. An initial diagnosis of major depression is reached. The client further relates that she is an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse. After a medication evaluation, a cognitive behavioral therapist would MOST likely focus treatment on: A. assisting the client in identifying the historical origin on the depressed feelings B. explore adult survivor issues C. working with the client to change her distorted view of self D. instructing the client to read a book on recovery from childhood trauma

A. It is always important when working with clients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder to establish clear and appropriate boundaries. Even after this happens, it's likely that boundaries will be tested by a borderline client.

A client is diagnosed with major depression and borderline personality disorder. The MOST appropriate treatment plan for this client would include: A. Establishment of clear therapeutic boundaries with the client B. Short term therapy which will limit transference with the client C. Long term therapy to uncover painful memories from the past D. Placement in a self help group

PECK V. COUNSELING SERVICE OF ADDITION COUNTY (1985)

A client threatened property harm to his parents, saying he wanted to burn down their barn and subsequently did. The counselor did not disclose this to agency staff or the intended victims, and the court found the agency negligent in lacking the provision of and failing to exercise proper control over it's supervisees.

SIMMONS V UNITED STATES (1986)

A client was encouraged by a therapist to have sexual relations with him as a means of acting on her transference feelings. She ultimately attempted suicide. The court found both the therapist and his supervisor negligent. The supervisor should have known about "the negligent acts of a subordinate," as there was reason to suspect that something inappropriate was taking place.

Cooptation

A community organizer's strategy for minimizing anticipated opposition by absorbing or including the opponent in the group membership

A: Recruiting membership to ensure a large and diverse population, ideally consisting of more than 20 group members. Most theorists indicate that effective groups should not have memberships exceeding 8-12. The younger the group membership, the smaller the ideal group (preteens: 3-4; teen: 6-8; young adults: 8-10).

Effective group leadership involves all but one of the following: A. Recruiting membership to ensure a large and diverse population, ideally consisting of more than 20 group members. B. Unconditional positive regard for and non-judgmental acceptance of group members C. Preserving an effective, safe, and nurturing group environment D. Consciously using body language to facilitate communication and openness

3-6

First Permanent teeth, stronger voice, receptive, alert brain, manual and motor power Phallic Stage (3-6) Oedipal Initiative v Guilt Preoperational Stage (18 mo-7) Preconventional Morality (0-7)

Psychodynamic theory

Freud's Theory of Personality Development is a psychodynamic theory. Human behavior is motivated by primarily by unconscious processes. Early development has a significant effect on adult functioning. Universal principles explain personality development and behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

A stimulus which follows a behavior and increases the likelihood of the occurence of the behavior which it follows

Sculpting

A technique where a family therapist will ask the members of the family to position themselves physically in order to reveal important aspects of their feelings and perceptions, specifically how each family member perceives his/her emotional closeness to or distance from the other members.

Extinction

A term in "classical conditioning" repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus w/o the conditioned stimulus and the resulting gradual decrease in the conditioned response In "Operant Conditioning" occurs when reinforcement is withheld following performance of a previously reinforced response

B Task Centered Therapy. It is important to note that since this form of therapy is client driven, individuals who are not committed to change would not benefit from this modality. This modality is generally short termed (6-12 sessions) and involves open sharing between the client and the therapist.

A therapeutic approach that focuses solely on changing behaviors and issues that the client believes to be problematic, and that views behaviors as fully conscious acts, and that views individuals as fully able to control their actions and make needed changes is called: A. Crisis Intervention B. Task Centered Therapy C. Psychoanalytic Therapy D. Cognitive Therapy

D Crisis Intervention. Crisis Interventions by definition is a traumatic experience that nevertheless provides the client to rapidly learn new coping skills. Generally, clients are more amenable to learning new information during periods of crisis.

A therapeutic approach that sees periods of intense trauma as optimal for effecting change, and that seeks to equip clients with new and / or more effective coping skills to manage traumatic situations is known as: A. Cognitive Therapy B. Behavior Therapy C. Task Centered Therapy D. Crisis Intervention

Paradoxical Intention

A therapeutic strategy in which the client is instructed to engage in or magnify the behaviors of concern. A therapeutic practice sometimes known as prescribing the symptoms

Immature Defense Mechanisms

Acting Out Blocking Hypochondriasis Introjection Projection Somatization

Sublimation

Acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way (e.g., sublimating your aggressive impulses toward a career as a boxer; becoming a surgeon because of your desire to cut; lifting weights to release 'pent up' energy)

Tricyclics

Antidepressant 1. Tofranil, Janimine, Presamine, SK_Pramine (Imipramine) 2. Elvail, Amitid, Endep, Amiril (Amitriptyline) 3. Norpamine, Pertofrane (Despramine) 4. Sinequan, Adpin (Doxepin) 5. Aventyl, Pamelor (Nortriptyline) 6. Vivactil (Protriptyline) 7. Surmontil (Trimipramine Maleate) 8. Asendin (Amoxapine) 9. Anafril (Clomipramine)

Negative Reinforcement

Any behavior which increases the probability of a response by terminating or withdrawing an unpleasant stimulus. Always increases the likelihood of the future occurrence of the behavior it follows

Punisher

Anything that decreases a behavior - makes it occur less frequently, makes it weaker, or makes it less likely to occur. These consequences will decrease the behaviors that leads to them.

Reinforcer

Anything that increases a behavior - makes it occur more frequently, makes it stronger, or makes it more likely to occur. These consequences will increase the behaviors that lead to them, so they are reinforcers. These are consequences the animal will work to attain, so they strengthen the behavior.

Phase of life problem

Appears in DSM 5 that is a problem of adjusting to a life-cycle transition such as entering school. Example - refusing to speak at school when starting kindergarten but at home has no problem.

Tricyclic Common Side Effects

CNS: confusion, disturbed concentration, disorientation, delusions, excitement anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, nightmares, dizziness, weakness, headache, fatigue Autonomic: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation Cardio: Hypo- and Hyper- tenson, tachycardia, palpitations, stroke GI: Nausea, epigastric distess, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea Other: Lethality of overdose, drowsiness, alpecia (hair loss), weight gain or loss

Antipsychotic (Typical) side effects

CNS: drosisness, neck spasm, proturion of the tounge, agitation, jitteriness, insomina, Pseudoparkinsonism (mask like faces, drooling, shuffing gait) GI; jaundice, nauesa, consitpation GI: Pripism, Uriniary retention, impotence Endocrine: Lactation, amenorhhea, hyper/hypo glycemia, false preg test Other: dry mouth, wieght gain, blurred vision TARTIVE DYSKINESIA - starts with small tounge tremors, facial tics and abmormal jaw movements. Can progress into rolling of tounge, licking lips, and smacking, pouting and chewing and sucking motions. Later can develop into spasmodic moveents of hands, feet, arms, legs, neck, and shoulders- except with newer antipsychotics

Solution Focused Therapy

Clients are experts on their problems, therefore: 1. Describe the problem 2. Develop goals 3. Ask the Miracle Question: "If a miracle occured and you could have any result, what would be different about your life?" 4. Exploring the Exception: "At the time when the problem did not occur, what was life like?" 5. Supportive feedback to the clients and summarization

Personality Disorders (13)

Cluster A: 1. Paranoid Personality 2. Schizoid 3. Schizotypal Cluster B. 4. Antisocial 5. Borderline 6. Histrionic 7. Narcissistic Cluster C 8. Avoidant 9. Dependent 10. OCD Other: 11. Personality changes due to another medical condition 12. other specified personality disorder 13. unspecified personality disorder

neurolinguistic programming (NLP)

Concepts that focus on how people perceive and understand the world. This strategy is based on recogniing a person's preferred sensory representations for self-expression and learning. When a client prefers a kinethetic mode, we use "I feel that...". When a client prefers an auditory mode, use "I hear you saying that...", and when a client prefers a visual mode, use, "I see that...".

Educational Supervision

Concerned with teaching the worker what he/she needs to know in order to do the job and helping him/her to learn it. Relates to the transmission of knowledge, skill, attitudes, and values needed by the worker. Teaching involves increasing workers' knowlege and understanding to deepen professional attitudes 1. social work philosophy and the history and policy of the agency 2. Social work knowledge, techniques and skills 3. Self- awareness 4. Available resources in the agency and community 5. Priorities of case service and managment of time

Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

Condition is direct consequence of another medical condition

Confidentiality

Confidentiality is greatly protected in social work - There must be a serious risk of death or harm or suspicion of child abuse or neglect in order to break confidentiality. This situation does not meet any of those criteria. - It is important for the client to be aware of the potential risks of breaking the rules, so it would appropriate to discuss this with her. This approach maintains confidentiality.

Ambivalence

Conflicting feelings about a person, situation, or object, often due to specific role performance expectations. Can result in a state of internal tension and lead to role performance behavior that annoys, angers, or confuses others. When extreme, produces indecisiveness and quickly changing emotional attitudes toward the person, situation, or object.

Neurotic Defense Mechanisms

Controlling Displacement Dissociation Intellectualization Isolation Rationalization Reaction Formation Repression

Rapprochment

Object Relations Theory child wants to again become closer to caregiver because mobility=separateness

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Onset of symptoms is in early developmental period (NOTE: later onset are diagnosed as adult-onset fluency disorder)

Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning is the term used by B.F. Skinner to describe the effects of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior. There are four types of Operant Conditioning: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction. Both Positive and Negative Reinforcement strengthen behavior while both Punishment and Extinction weaken behavior

Lithium

People taking Lithium require frequent lab work to test their blood levels for possible toxicity. Other medications, dehydration, and other medical issues can interfere with Lithium levels so frequent checks are important. Clients need to be educated on the importance of getting their lab work done on time. Lithium does not interfere with cholesterol.

Validity

Research Design and Mesurement instruments

Paraphilias

Problems with managing impulses that are characterized by recurrent and intense sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors involving unusual objects, activities, or situations usually not considered sexually arousing to others.

Quality assurance (QA)

Procedures and steps undertaken by an organization to determine whether its goods and services meets the standards established for them. These programs usually examine whether professionals have complied with standards rather than outcome of their services.

Key Consideration of Zero Base Budgeting

Search for alternative ways for achieving articulated objectives This is primarily a short-range tool used to acheve the agencys objectives in the most cost efficent manner

Id

Seat of primitive drives and instinctual - What I see is what I want - Impulses (impulsive behavior) - Primary process thinking - Unconscious - Discharges tension - If the ID is too strong, it is bound up in self gratification and uncaring for others

Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development.

Process that the id's libido centers on a different part of the body during each stage of development and that personality results from how conflicts at each stage are resolved. The failure to resolve a conflict at any stage is usually due to either excessive or insufficient gratification of the id's needs.

SSRI

Selective Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors 1. Prozac (Fluoxetine) 2. Paxil (Paroexetine) 3. Zoloft (Sertraline) 4. Luvox (Fluvoxamine) 5. Celexa (Citalopram) 6. Lexapro (Escitalopram)

B. Program evaluation looks at aggregate program data within an agency, not individual staff performance

Program evaluation serves all of the following purpose EXCEPT: A. documenting the need for new services B. indicating the degree of client satisfaction C. measuring individual staff performance D. helping to meet requirements of funding groups.

SMART GOALS

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely or Time limited

Contingency Contract/ Management

Specifying which behaviors are expected and what reinforcers will follow

sensate focus

Technique aimed desensitizing a couple to performance anxiety. Pleas and relaxation are paired with graded sexual contact, so that the effects of performance anxiety are eventually cancelled out.

Erickson's Stages of Development - Identity vs. Role Confusion

Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal / group identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self. Important Event - Social Relationships

Disclosing client's HIV status

Test World - Duty to warn DOES NOT apply to disclosing a client's HIV status to their unknowing partners. Contracting HIV can significantly impact an individual's health status; however, it does not place a person's life in IMMENENT danger.

Synergy

The ability of a social system to generate more energy than it needs to function

Abreaction

Psychoanalytic term for reliving an experience in order to purge it's emotional distress

C. All of the conditions listed in the vignette fall under the umbrella of anxiety related disorders therefore, an anti anxiety medication would be the best form of medication.

Psychotropic medications used in the treatment of agoraphobia, ocd, panic disorder and post traumatic stress disorder can be classified as: A. Anti psychotic medications B. Central nervous system depressants C. Anti anxiety medications D. Anti convulsant medications

Repression

Pulling into the unconscious (e.g., forgetting sexual abuse from your childhood due to the trauma and anxiety)

Suppression

Pushing into the unconscious (e.g., trying to forget something that causes you anxiety)

Duty to Warn/Mandatory Reporting

Requires a clinician who has reasonable grounds to believe that a client may be in imminent danger of harming self and warn possible victims. Include suicidal and homicidal ideation, child abuse, elder abuse. Cases where client is experiencing homicidal ideations, SW must notify the police and the intended victim.

Antecedent Behavior

Stimulus that elicits a behavior. What happens just prior to the behavior you are observing

Goals of Structural Family Therapy

Strengthen parental subsystem, Realign coalitions, establish boundaries

Stratification

Structured inequality of entire categories or people who have unequal access to social rewards (example - ethnic stratification)

Irritable bowel Syndrome:

Studies have shown that most people with irritable bowel syndrome suffer from anxiety, though it's often unclear whether the anxiety led to the bowel problems or vice versa. - People with irritable bowel syndrome are more likely to have an anxiety disorder. - Most people with irritable bowel syndrome tend to worry about a variety of issues, such as money, health, and family.

Alcohol Abuse

Studies of alcoholism have shown that different ethnic groups have different metabolic reactions to alcohol; that sons of alcoholic fathers are more likely to become alcoholics than daughters; and that children of alcoholics adopted into non-alcoholic families are three to four times more likely to become alcoholic than the general population, all of which strongly support a genetic theory of alcoholism.

Rationalization

Supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason. example, stating that you were fired because you didn't kiss up the the boss, when the real reason was your poor performance)

Supportive Supervision

Sustaining worker morale, facilitating personal growth and increasing sense of worth, promoting a sense of belonging related to the mission of the agency and developing a sense of security in job performance Facilitating the work of the supervisees so they can do their part in the delivery of social services

Goals of Strategic/ Communication Family Therapy

Symptom relief, resolution of presenting problem,

Process Group- Theory base

Systems theory and field theory

Displacement

Taking out impulses on a less threatening target. example, slamming a door instead of hitting as person, yelling at your spouse after an argument with your boss

Reaction Formation

Taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety (e.g., having a bias against a particular race or culture and then embracing that race or culture to the extreme)

B Other clients. While other clients receiving services at the agency may be asked to maintain confidentiality, they are not professionally bound to ethical standards as are social workers and support staff employed by an agency

Individuals bound by the principles of confidentiality include social workers, agency administrators, supervisors, and all but one of the following: A. Agency volunteers B. Other clients C. Agency clerical staff D. Agency consultants

Sexual Sadism

Individuals with this disorder have persistent fantasies in which they derive sexual arousal from inflicting psychological or psychical suffering (including humiliation and terror) on a sexual partner.

Erickson's Stages of Development

Infancy (birth to 18 months) Trust vs. Mistrust Early Childhood (2 to 3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Preschool (3 to 5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt School Age (6 to 11 years) Industry vs. Inferiority Adolescence (12 to 18 years) Identity vs. Role Confusion Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years) Intimacy vs. Isolation Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years) Generativity vs. Stagnation Late Adulthood (65 to death) Ego Integrity vs. Despair

D: All of the above. Any information regarding a client that comes to a social worker becomes subject to the rules of confidentiality and privacy of the profession.

Information protected by confidentiality principles include(s): A. Information obtained directly from a client B. Client information obtained from a third party C. Written records and observations regarding a client D. All of the above

Principal Diagnosis

Many clients have co-morbid conditions that may warrant more than one diagnosis. The principal diagnosis should be the one for which the client is currently seeking treatment.

task centered

quickly engage at in the problem solving process and maximize their responsibility for tx outcomes. time limits due to time constraints, here and now, immediate results, problem partialized into clear tasks

Malingering

refers to the practice of creating symptoms for personal gain. There is no evidence this woman is lying or trying to obtain benefit from her symptoms.

clarification

reformulate problem in the clts words to make sure that you are on the same wavelength

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

as stated by its founder, Albert Ellis, is that "People are not disturbed by things but by their view of things." A precursor of Cognitive Behavior Therapy, REBT aims to help people identify and discard their irrational beliefs so they can better manage their behavior and overcome mental distress. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy focuses on how clients' false beliefs affect their behavior--in this instance, on the possibility the client feels his wife is deliberately irritating him.

Person Centered therapy

based on the writings of Carl Rogers, proposes several core conditions for growth in psychotherapy including therapist genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and accurate empathy.

Tests used to rate IQ

WIAS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) WISC (Weschsler Intelligence Scale for Children) Stanford-Binet (used with children 17 and younger and addresses functions at each stage).

Protective Factors

When coexisting with risks, these are personal, social, and institutional factors that promote competence and successful development, thereby decreasing the likelihood of a problem occurring.

Chance meetings between clinicians and clients often happen, especially in small towns or academic settings.

When encountering a client in public, social workers should take their cues from the client, rather than ignore the client or initiate contact. It is widely recommended to discuss this early in therapy to avoid confusion. Subsequent discussion of an encounter, in a therapy session, is appropriate, and can be helpful.

A (TEST WORLD) The word "okay" is generally accepted to mean "I understand now so there is no need to continue". Thus, other responses would likely cause the client to continue sharing.

When using active or reflective listening, furthering responses (short verbal or non verbal cues to continue) to can be used to ease the conversation along while helping the client feel fully heard. All but one are examples of furthering responses: A. "okay" declarations B. head nodding C. "Go On" insertions D. "Um - hmm" or "yes" interjections

Diagnostic Uncertainty

When using the DSM-5, and you are unsure about a client's diagnosis, you can indicate by coding one of the following: Other specified disorder is coded when the therapist wants to indicate the reason why the client's symptoms do not meet the criteria for a specific diagnosis. Unspecified disorder is coded when the therapist does not want to indicate the reason why the client's symptoms do not meet the criteria for a specific diagnosis.

B Ordinal placement offers a scale in which objects are placed in a ranked order; as it relates to this question, the runners came in: first place, second place, third place, and so on.

Which of the following reports the distance between roller skaters as they cross the finish line? A. Ratio B. Ordinal C. Nominal D. Interval

B. if one member of the group becomes a scapegoat for the other members, the group as a whole suffers.

Which of the following would MOST likely threaten cohesiveness in a treatment group? A. self disclosure B. scapegoating C. dependence D. conflict

Covert modeling

clients are asked to imagine themselves in desired behavior

Self modeling

clients are videotaped demonstrating desired behavior

Paradoxical intervention

actually prescribes the symptoms that clients are seeking help with. In this case, telling the couple not to communicate at all is a paradoxical intervention.

Social Security Act of 1935

amended law that enacted Medicare, Medicaid, SSI, TANF...

Benzodiazepines

are tranquilizers often used to treat anxiety and can be used as muscle relaxers. Valium and Xanax are benzodiazepines, tranquilizers often used to treat anxiety.

cocaine

dilated pupils, hyperactivity, euphoria, irritability, anxiety, excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping at odd times. may go long periods of time without eating or sleeping. weight loss dry mouth and nose

Community Mental Health Act of 1963

enacted community mental health centers

Acute stress disorder

similar to PTSD, is diagnosed when symptoms occur within one month of a traumatic event.

Antipsychotic medications

such as Risperdal, Seroquel, and Abilify are most commonly used for treating schizophrenia.

Mindfulness

entails focusing on what is happening in the moment. - The social worker is recommending that this woman change how she thinks, which represents a focus on cognition, not behavior. - The social worker is recommending this woman change her negative thoughts to more realistic thoughts--an example of cognitive restructuring

Difference between: 1. ethnocentrism 2. stratification 3. pluralism

ethnocentrism: holds one's own culture, ethnic, or racial group as superior to others Strat: structured inequalities of entire category of people who have unequal access to social rewards Pluralism: a society in which diverse members maintain their own traditions while cooperatively working together and seeing others' traits as valuable

Roger's Person Centered therapy

every person is motivated towards self-actualization and positive healthy growth Maladaptive behavior comes when there are incongruences with the self and one's experiences. Therapist provides positive regard, guinineness, and empathy.

preparation

experimenting with small changes, collecting information about change

Psychoanalysis

explores a person's childhood and their unconscious drives and motives.

Family System

extent to which individuals problems are related to family issues. must look at the family as a whole rather than focusing on its members

Behavior Therapy

focuses on changing behaviors through the use of rewards and punishments. Little emphasis is placed on the underlying reason for the behavior or the thoughts that accompany the behavior. When kids exhibit behavior problems, a behavior therapist often works with the parents to teach them how to effectively use rewards and punishments. - Helping the parents use rewards and consequences to make following the rules more likely for the child would be a goal of behavior therapy.

Object relations therapy

focuses on how clients' early experience of their mothers is reflected in the therapeutic relationship.

Jungian Therapy

focuses on increasing a person's awareness of unconscious processes, with a particular focus on dreams, archetypes, and myth.

Kohlberg's theory

focuses on the development of moral reasoning, starting in childhood and continuing throughout an individual's lifetime.

psychoanalytic

freud- cat seen as the product of their past and treatment involves dealign with repressed material in the unconscious

universalization

generalization or normalization of behavior

marijuana

glassy, red eyes, loud talking, inappropriate laughter, followed by sleepiness, loss of interest, motivation, weight gain or loss

Motivational Interviewing

is a collaborative, goal-oriented, non-confrontational approach to various mental health issues, especially substance abuse. It assumes that motivation to change must be elicited from the client, not imposed by outside forces, and that it is the client's task, not the counselor's, to identify and resolve the conflicts standing in the way of progress. - Since the agreed-upon purpose of the treatment is to treat the client's substance abuse, this paradoxical question--a recognized technique in Motivational Interviewing--is designed to heighten the client's awareness of why he came to treatment and his lack of progress. - motivates clients to come up with their own reason for change

Erotomania

is a delusional disorder in which a person feels that someone, usually of higher status, is in love with them.

PIE

is a holistic approach that simultaneously addresses clients' social roles, their relation to their physical and social environments, their mental health, and their physical health. Among its principles are the commonalities that exist among social workers in various countries, and the importance of social and environmental change.

Conversion disorder

is a mental health condition in which a person has physical symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation. These symptoms almost always occur following a stressful experience. People with conversion disorders are not making up their symptoms; the physical symptoms are a way to cope with unwanted thoughts or feelings. - Ie. This woman's swallowing prevents her from being able talk about her childhood sexual abuse. Conversion disorder is the most likely of the offered diagnoses.

Flooding

is a method of treating phobias that exposes the client to a feared stimuli until the client is able to relax. As in systematic sensitization, clients face phobias head-on, without the gradual build to worst-case situations.

Adjustment Disorder

involves emotional or behavioral symptoms related to stress which do not meet the criteria for another diagnosis, such as an anxiety or depressive disorder.

CBT

involves helping people change irrational thoughts and behaviors, with less emphasis on talking about feelings.

Ataxia

lack of muscle control during voluntary movements

maintenance

maintaining a new behavior, avoiding temptation

Stimulants

Cocaine, Amphetamines

Cluster C personality Disorders

Anxious and fearful avoidant dependent ocd

Theory Z- Ouchi

Japanese Model People are more loyal to a company if they have part in the decision making

Object Relations Theory Stages

0-1 Month: Normal autism 1-5 mo: normal symbiotic 5-9 mo: differentiation/hatching 9-15 mo: practicing 15-24 mo: rapprochment 24-38 mo: object constancy

5 Psychosexual Stages (Freud)

0-1 years - Oral 2-3 years - Anal (wanting to hold onto what is yours) 3-6 years - Phallic/Oedipal 6-11 years - Latency (not much happens) 12-18 years - Puberty/Genital

Sensorimotor

0-18 mo Reflexes, Primary circular, Secondary Circular All senses and the masculature reactions become increasingly operative Object Permanence - 18 months

4 Stages of Cognitive Development (Piaget)

0-2 years - Sensorimotor - Retains image of objects - Develops primitive logic in manipulating objects - Begins intentional actions - Play is imitative - Signals meaing (ie - babysitter arrives, knows mother is leaving - Symbol meaning (language) beings in the last part of this phase 2-7 years - Preoperational - Language development enables symbolic functioning to occur - Progress from concretism to abstract thinking - Can comprehend past, present, future - Night terrors - Acquires words, math symbols, music symbols, other codes - Magical thinking - Thinking is not generalized - Thinking is: * Concrete * Irreversible * Egocentric (cannot see different point of view) * Cenetered on one detail or event 7-11 years - Concrete Operations - Begins abstract thought - Plays games with rules - Cause-effect relationship understood - Logical implications are understood - Thinking is independent of experience - Thinking is reversible - Rules of logic are developed 11 through maturity - Formal Operations - Higher level of abstraction - Construction of ideals - Planning for future - Thinks hypothetically - De-centers through interactions with peers and elders - Assumes adult roles and responsibilities

Stage 1 of Attachment

0-3 Months Distinguish between people and things, smile, respond to the environment

Kohlberg Stage One: Premoral Morality

0-7 Within broad limits, parental discipline (rewards or punishment), is considered to be right and correct Consistent rules about bedtime, mealtime, etc. are seen as predictable and provide a sense of security No Morals Can learn rules but dont understand why

Stages of Death and Dying

1 - Shock & Denial 2 - Anger 3 - Bargaining 4 - Depression 5 - Acceptance

Approximate percentage of population with Autism Spectrum Disorder

1%

Psychosexual Development, Anal Stage

1-3 years. Focus of sensation is the anal and urethral areas of the body. The child must learn to postpone release of feces and urine. Conflict stems from issues related to toilet training. Fixation produces anal explosiveness, which is cruelty, destructiveness, messiness or anal retentiveness, which is stinginess, selfishness, obsesive-compulsive behavior.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder List (3)

1. ADHD Specify: a. combined presentation b. predominantly inattentive c. predominantly hyperactive/impulsive Specify: in partial remission Specify: severity 2. Other specified ADHD 3. Unspecified ADHD

Supervison Vs Autonomy

1. Probationary Supervision - usually intense and involves high cost and effort for supervisor and agency 2. Educational Supervision- responsibility for training the employee 3. Monitoring Supervision- employee is expected to preform adequately with monitoring by the supervisor. Requires less supervisory investment 4. Routine Supervision- Increase in worker autonomy 5. Nominal Supervision- Highly autonomous worker

Schizophreniform Disorder

Two a more of the following symptoms must be present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less successfully treated). At least one of the symptoms must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized Speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. Negative symptoms Symptoms are present for more than 1-month but less than 6 months.

Cannabinols

Marijuana, Ganja, Hashish, Sinsemilla

Educator

A social worker role in indirect practice. Involves giving information and teaching skills.

Substance Abuse D/o

Two or more characteristic symptoms for at least 12 months.

Safety Plan

When clients are not ready to leave abusive relationships, SW can aid clients in developing this

Equifinality

a particular end state may be reached from different means

precontemplation

denial, ignorance of the problem

Bowenian Family theory

the goal of this approach is not symptom reduction

Ego alien

"ego dystonic" thoughts and behaviors that are in conflict with a person's ideal self image.

FAREAFI

(FIRST/NEXT) questions. FEELINGS ASSESS REFER EDUCATE ADVOCATE FACILITATE INTERVENE

Exhibitionism

(Flashing) Characterized by intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving exposure of the individual's genitals or naked body to an unsuspecting stranger.

Voyeurism

(Peeping Tom) Disorder involves achieving sexual arousal by observing an unsuspecting and non-consenting person who is undressing or unclothed, and/or engaged in sexual activity.

Adult IQ Test

(WAIS) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 18 +

Provisional Diagnosis

- A provisional diagnosis is appropriate when a social worker doesn't yet have enough information to draw a diagnostic conclusion. Sometimes the client's symptoms may be accounted for by a variety of different diagnoses. - When it's not yet clear whether the client's symptoms are the result of a mental health issue--rather than substance abuse--it's appropriate to make a provisional diagnosis. - The length of time a person needs to have symptoms present to qualify for a diagnosis varies with each diagnosis. - The diagnosis should not be dependent upon the client's insurance plan. - If a client doesn't meet the criteria for a diagnosis, the diagnosis should not be given as provisional.

Folie a deux

- A shared delusion - A person may develop a delusional system as a result of a close relationship with someone who already has an established delusional system

Themes in 12 Step Programs

- Admitting Powerlessness - Seeking Help from a higher power - Prayer or meditation for help - Making a moral inventory - Confessing Wrongs - Asking other for forgiveness - Making amends - Carrying the message to others

Postmorbid

- After the onset of an illness

Commonly Used Substances

- Alcohol - Amphetamines - Caffeine - Cannabis - Cocaine - Hallucinogens - Inhalants - Nicotine - Opioids - Phencyclidine (PCP)

Schizophrenia

- At least two of the symptoms manifest and last for at least 6 months: * Hallucinations * Delusions * Disorganized or incoherent speech * Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior * Negative symptoms such as reduced emotional expressiveness or avolition * Condition has a significant negative impact on ability to function daily

Parenting Styles

- Authoritarian and authoritative parents will correct inappropriate behavior. - Permissive parents may not correct the behavior, but they show warmth and love to the child. - An uninvolved parent is emotionally detached from the child, and therefore doesn't care much about the child's behavior. This best describes the reactions of the couple in this scenario. The clients in this example pay no attention to their child, so they are best described as uninvolved. - A permissive parent has trouble setting appropriate boundaries for a child, but gives the child a lot of love and attention. These parents do not appear to notice their child. - An authoritative parent is a warm, loving parent who sets reasonable boundaries. These parents do not set any boundaries. - An authoritarian parent sets harsh, sometimes unrealistic limits on a child's behavior. These parents have set no limits.

Cluster C Personality Disorders - Anxious and fearful

- Avoidant - Dependent - Obsessive-Compulsive

Behavior Modification

- Based on Skinerian theory of operant conditioning - Behavior is affected by the expectation of reward and punnishment

Social Exchange Theory (DV Interventions)

- Based on the idea of totaling total potential benefits and losses to determine behavior * A woman remains in the relationship due to high cost of leaving, will leave with best alternative promises a better life

Ambivalent Attachment

- Become very distressed when parent/caregiver leaves - Considered relatively uncommon - Due to poor maternal availability - Cannot depend on mother to be there when the child is in need.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder:

- Best treatment is exposure therapy- rewards are often a part of this therapy since a system of rewards may help change the behavior - is an anxiety disorder in which people act on obsessive thoughts to relieve their anxiety. Their behavior is not necessarily harmful.

Bipolar I and Bipolar II

- Bipolar I: must include at least one manic episode in addition to depression. - Bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes and severe depression. It does not include any full-blown manic episodes. - Clients with bipolar disorder tend to benefit from having a regular schedule. - Helping clients establish a daily routine and regular sleep patterns can decrease their symptoms. - Since clients with bipolar disorder benefit from having regular sleep and a predictable daily schedule, encouraging the client to track his symptoms and activities can help to decrease his symptoms.

Cluster B Personality Disorders - Dramatic, Emotional, and erratic

- Borderline - Antisocial - Histrionic - Narcissistic

Delirium

- Changes in level of consciousness and orientation - Change in cognition and/or perceptions - Difficult shifting and maintaining attention; "delirious -Rapid (acute) onset of symptoms that tend to fluctuate over time (better in morning/worse @ night, vice versa)

Schizoaffective Disorder

- Characterized by continuous period where the major symptoms of schizophrenia are present and for the majority of the duration major mood (depressive or manic) episodes are present

Specific Phobia

- Characterized by disproportionate response to a specific object or situation - Fear response is almost always immediately elicited by the presence of the phobic object or situation - Phobia is actively avoided or tolerated with great anxiety - Fear is disproportional to actual danger - Fear and responses last for at least 6 months

Major Depressive Disoder

- Characterized by the symptoms of major depressive episode (Bipolar I)

Mandated:

- Child protective services will only have access to the client's records if she chooses to sign a release of information or if her records were subpoenaed to court. - It is correct to help the client see that she is not being forced to attend, but instead to be aware of the consequences of choosing to discontinue services.

Avoidant Attachment

- Children tend to avoid parents or caregivers - When offered a choice, shows no preference to parent or stranger - Research suggests this type of attachment may be due to abuse/neglect

Dependent Personality Disorder

- Chronic need to be taken care of - Submissive clinging behavior and fear of separation, abandonment or rejection - Perceives self as being unable to function without the help of others - Displays a variety of submissive and dependent behaviors to elicit caregiving and nurturing from others - Tends to be indecisive about everyday matters - Requires much advice and reassurance from others due to passive nature

Chronic pain is an issue that social workers frequently address.

- Clients need to know the potential consequences of long-term dependence on medication, including addiction. Social workers can teach client skills to help manage their pain and improve their quality of life while living with chronic pain. Social workers can also provide education on the link between mental health and physical health - It is correct to provide the client with education on the link between mental and physical well-being and to assist him in learning about new ways in which he can deal with his pain. - It's inappropriate to ask the physician to prescribe more narcotics, especially since the purpose of the referral was to help the client learn new ways to manage his chronic pain.

Eating Disorders

- Clients with eating disorders often need a multi-dimensional approach to treatment. Social workers can assist them with changing their distorted thoughts and unhealthy behaviors. Doctors can monitor a client's weight and health status. A client with an eating disorder should have a full physical to determine the state of their health in order to assist with determining the best course of treatment. Sometimes clients may need a medical hospitalization to stabilize them or they may require an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization to help manage their symptoms. - It's likely that the client's eating disorder and self-esteem issues are related and the social worker would need to treat the eating disorder in order to improve the client's self-esteem. - It is important to get a release of information to coordinate care with the primary care physician. Once the client's health status has been established, the social worker can determine what services will be most effective.

College Students and Depression

- College students are at high risk of depression. They also are at risk of suicide. Depression is common among college students. Although college students may struggle to adjust to college life and being away from home, if they are experiencing these symptoms they are likely depressed. If lack of sleep is a problem, it may be a symptom of depression.

Bipolar II Disorder

- Conditions for current or previous hypomanic episode are met and the conditions for a current or previous major depressive disorder are met

Denial

- Denial is the refusal to accept reality. This woman is able to acknowledge that her husband left her. With denial, she might say she is certain her husband is going to change his mind and won't leave her.

Typical Features of Substance Dependence

- Dependence is more sever than abuse - Greater duration and severity - May experience increased tolerance - Withdrawal when stop using - Withdrawn Symptoms include: * Fatigue * Irritability * Depression * Difficulty Sleeping

Endogenous Depression

- Depression caused by a biochemical imbalance rather than a psychosocial stressor or external factors - Symptoms are usually more severe and consistent of the "classic" symptoms of depression (loss of appetite, fatigue, sleep disturbance, decrease in libido, weight loss, psychomotor retardation or agitation)

Reactive Attachment

- Disorganized Attachment - Often results from significant childhood trauma occurring during attachment development years - Unable to regulate emotions - Fight or flight responses - Interprets all current & future intentions based on past experiences

Displacement

- Displacement involves redirecting thoughts, impulses, and feelings meant for one person and taking them out upon another person or object. If this woman were displacing her feelings, she might argue with someone not involved in the situation, such as a boss or friend.

Dementia

- Disturbance involving memory impairment and other cognitive impairments - Mostly commonly known dementia is Alzheimer's - Usually caused by general medical condition. Can result from series of strokes - Insidious - Becomes progressively worse over time

Family Members and Addiction

- Efforts often enable a person to continue their substance use - The work with family members often revolves around helping them learn how to set limits and keep healthy boundaries, so that they do not continue to enable the substance abuse problems. - Adult children of alcoholics often have difficulty with self-esteem. They typically become either irresponsible or hyper-responsible and may be loyal to people who abuse them. The characteristics of adult children of alcoholics typically include harsh self-judgment, difficulty with intimate relationships, a martyr's attitude toward other people's problems, a fear of authority and angry people, and undue allegiance to people undeserving of loyalty.

Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development (Ego-Psychology

- Eight stages in the life cycle - Positives/Negatives of each crisis must be fought through successfully so able to move onto next stage 1 - Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust * basic sense of trust in self & environment (comes from quality of care) 2 - Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt * Child experiments with holding on and letting go 3 - Play Age: Initiative vs. Guilt * Imagination greatly expanded, ability to move & communicate * Age of avid curiosity, establish of conscience 4 - School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority * Child wants to learn how to do and make things w/ others 5 - Adolescence: Identity vs. Identity Diffusion * Puberty * Questions self/those around them 6 - Young Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation * I can achieve emotional closeness with others without fear of losing self (isolation) 7 - Adulthood - Generativity vs. Self-Absorbtion * Mature person's interest in establishing & guiding next generation * Lack of this results in self-absorbtion * My contributions through future generations vs. there is no meaning beyond my finite life 8 - Senescence: Integrity vs. Despair * I accept my choices vs. I wish that things were different

Hypomanic

- Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that is less severe that full-blown manic symptoms - Symptoms are not severe enough to interfere with functioning and are not accompanied by psychotic symptoms

Delusional Disorder

- Enduring delusions that MAY be accompanied by non-prominent hallucinations - Functioning is not significantly affected apart from behaviors specifically related to delusions - Behavior does not typically appear odd or peculiar - Types of delusions include: * Erotomanic * Grandiose * Persecutory * Jealous * Somatic * Mixed * Unspecified

General Personality Disorder

- Enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior that significantly deviates from the expectations of the individuals culture - Is pervasive and inflexible - Originates in adolescence or early adulthood - Stable over time - Leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in one or more important areas of functioning

Contact outside of treatment

- Establishing a rigid rule that clients can only have contact with the social worker during appointments can be damaging to the therapeutic relationship, and ignores the fact that clients may have crises or questions that require contact outside of normal treatment times. - Not allowing contact in between sessions may frustrate clients, cause them to be upset with the social worker during appointments, and actually increase burnout. - Not allowing any contact between appointments can be damaging to therapeutic rapport, whereas allowing a certain amount of contact can contribute to the therapeutic relationship. - Social workers should find a balance between allowing clients too much contact outside of treatment and not having any contact at all. An appropriate amount of contact can actually foster independence. - Establishing a rigid rule can be damaging to the therapeutic relationship, since clients may have valid reasons for contacting the social worker between appointments.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

- Excessive emotional and attention seeking behavior - Originates in early adulthood - Individuals feel uncomfortable and unappreciated if not the center of attention - Often behave melodramatically, histrionic, and flirtatious

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

- Excessive worry about a variety of scenarios occurring more days than not, lasting at least 6 months - Condition must meet three of the following symptoms, 1 lasting at least 6 months: agitation, loss of energy, difficulty focusing, irritability, muscular tension, difficulty sleeping

Asian Cultures

- For many Asian cultures, family is very important; Asian clients typically prefer to keep their problems within the family. Therefore, it can be helpful for social workers to provide brief, solution-focused interventions rather than traditional therapy. - It would be important to include the client's family if he so chooses, and to help him gain support from them as necessary. - There is not any evidence stating that Asian cultures prefer medication over therapy. - It is important to respect the client's right to privacy and his desire to keep the problems within the family. Keeping treatment brief will support the client in this effort.

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

- Frequent outbursts of temper over a period lasting at least 1 year - No more than 3 month period without outbursts - On average, occurs 3 or more times weekly - Mood is chronically irritable and angry - Diagnosis typically made between ages 6 to 18

Cause of Delirium

- General medical condition or substance use or a combination of both - Usually medical emergency

Brief Psychotic Disorder

- Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized incoherent speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior - Duration lasts between 1 day and 1 month

Treatment to a child and testifying in court:

- If a social worker is asked to provide treatment for a child, but is likely to be subpoenaed to discuss recommendations about the child's living situation, this potential conflict of interest should be discussed in advance with the family. A social worker providing treatment should not offer to be an expert witness. Because of the potential conflict of interest, the social worker shouldn't volunteer to take on both roles. - The code of ethics is clear that social workers should make clients aware of potential conflicts of interest, including when a therapist may be asked to testify about a child's living situation. - The social worker doesn't have enough information to say what is in the child's best interest at the time of the assessment, and if subsequently providing treatment, should not offer to testify on the father's behalf - if the social worker is hired to treat the client, the social worker should not focus on gathering evidence during treatment sessions.

Rensis Likert

- Importance of people and their relationships with others - The administrator is the key person in work development and production - Involves staff in decision-making and planning

ADHD

- In order for people to meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, some symptoms must have been present prior to age twelve. To meet ADHD criteria, she needs impairment in at least one area, such as school, social activities, or work but she does not need impairment in all three or specifically at work. Although adult ADHD may present somewhat differently, adults still have difficulty with concentration and attention.

Dissociative Amnesia

- Inability to react important personal information - Usually of traumatic or stressful nature, that cannot be explained with ordinary forgetfulness

Dissociative Identity Disorder

- Include the presence of 2 or more distinct personality states or identities that recurrently assume control of individual's behavior - Accompanied with inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be accounted for by ordinary forgetfulness

Borderline Personality Disorder

- Indicated by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and effects - Accompanied by impulsive behavior - Onset in early adulthood - Individual often intensely concerned with abandonment, will go to great lengths to avoid real or imagined abandonment

Paranoid Personality Disorder

- Indicated by a pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others - Events and the actions of others are interpreted int he most negative light possible - Convictions of others' hostility are based on little or no objective evidence

Reactive Attachment Disorder

- Indicated by chronic pattern of emotionally withdrawn behavior w/ adult caretakers - Manifested before age 5, but at least 9 months old - Must have the following: child rarely seeks comfort when distressed, child is minimally responsive to the comfort provided when distressed. - Minimal social responsiveness, minimal positive affect, periods of inexplicable irritability, fear, or sadness during periods of nonthreatening interaction with caretakers - Child has received extremely insufficient care due to at least 1 of the following: severe neglect due to lack of emotional care by caretakers, instability from having frequent changes in caretakers, being raised in setting that severely limit the availability of attachments to caretakers

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

- Indicated by repeated instance of lacking adequate social or interpersonal skills - Accompanied by acute uneasiness with and diminished ability to maintain close relationships - Manifested by early adulthood - Characterized by perceptual distortions and odd thinking, speech, beliefs, and behaviors

Separation Anxiety

- Inordinate anxiety upon separation from parties that individual has formed close emotional attachment to - Must have three of the following conditions: repeated intense anxiety when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or significant others, incessant rumination over harm coming to significant attachments, chronic refusal or unwillingness to leave home due to fear of separation, chronic significant anxiety about being left alone and separated from attachment figures, refusal or unwillingness to sleep away from attachment figures, recurring nightmares about separation, recurring physical problems when anticipating or experiencing separation

Social Anxiety Disorder

- Inordinate fear of situations in which the person may be subject to evaluation by others - Greatly concerned that they may behave inappropriately, leading to negative perceptions - Social situations are avoided or ensured with great anxiety

Avoidant Personality Disorder

- Inordinate preoccupation of being disapproved of, social rejected, or criticized - Suffers from chronic feelings of inadequacy - Hypersensitive to possible negative evaluations of others - Significant interpersonal or social involvement is avoided due to fear of being exposed, ridiculed, or embarrassed - Needs constant reassurance - Often leads restricted social existence

Intellectualization

- Intellectualization is overemphasizing thinking when faced with an unacceptable impulse. This client is using intellectualization by focusing on the financial aspect of her divorce, ignoring emotions she'd prefer not to acknowledge.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

- Lasts at least 1 month and results from experience actual or threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence by experience one of the following: * Directly experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event * Becoming aware of close friends or family members suffering a traumatic event(s) * Repeated exposure to aversive aspects of traumatic events Intrusion Symptoms: Presence of at least one of the following after experience trauma: * Recurring distressing memories of the event * Frequent nightmares involving the event * Flashbacks that may be accompanied by dissociative reactions as if the event is being relived * Intense reactive distress when given reminders of the event * Severe physiological reactions upon exposure to cues resembling aspects of the event Avoidance Symptoms: Chronic avoidance behaviors beginning after occurence of traumatic events, manifested by at least one of the following: * Attempts to avoid distressing thoughts, feelings or memories reminiscent of the event * Avoidance of external stimuli that service as reminders of the event Negative Mood: Negative transformations of mood or thought related to the traumatic even, with the onset after the event, manifested by at least 2 of the following: * Dissociative amnesia - inability to remember details of the event * Chronic and exceedingly negative attitudes and expectations about oneself, others, or surroundings * Self-blame or blame of others due to chronic inaccurate thoughts - Chronic negative affect - Loss of interest in significant activities - Alienation from others - Chronic inability to experience positive affect Arousal Symptoms: Significant changes in sensitivity to traumatic events starting or worsening after the event, as indicated by at least 2 of the following: * Unprovoked irritability and tantrums * Irresponsible self-destructive activities * Hyper-vigilance * Heightened startled reactions * Difficult in focusing and concentrating * Disrupted sleep patterns

Latino Cultures

- Latino culture often relies heavily on the concept of machismo for men and marianismo for women. Ideal characteristics for men include pride, honor, courage, and leadership; for women, self-sacrifice and subordination. - Married Latinas tend to defer to their husbands to make important decisions, especially when dealing with children and authority figures. - Since Latino men tend to be the head of the household, it's likely the father would handle this issue. - Grandmothers don't tend to make the decisions in most Latino families. - Generally, it is the father who is head of the household in a Latino family and therefore the best choice to deal with this situation.

Adjustment Disorder

- Manifested by the appearance of emotional or behavioral symptoms as a reaction to stress inducing events - Symptoms appear within 3 months of the event(s). - Include 1 or both of the following: severe distress that is disproportionate to the intensity of the stress producing event, significant deterioration in key areas of functioning - One stress inducing event or consequences cease, symptoms last no more than 6 months

Treatment Plans

- Need to be clear on how progress will be measured (there may be times when objective evidence is needed in addition to subjective statements from the client) - Client's reports are purely subjective, client's self-reports are based on subjective data about the client's feelings and cannot be measured by others. Since a client's reports on feelings cannot be verified by others, this documentation is subjective rather than objective. - A test to measure a client's understanding of anxiety, initially and later is objective

Object Relations Theory (Stages of Development) (Margaret Mahler)

- Normal Autism - undifferentiated state, alert inactivity (zero to 3 months - Symbiotic Phase - Infant recognizes but does not differentiate between self and mother (2 to 6 months) - Differentiation - Able to separate self from others, recognize differences, stranger anxiety (6 to 12 months) - Integration Phase (reproachment) - perceives self as independent, can have relationships with one another

Panic Disorder

- Panic attack is sudden, unexpected, intense fear response during which anxiety escalates within minutes - In order to qualify as a panic disorder, condition must include repeated panic attacks and at least four of the following: rapid heartbeat, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, choking sensation, chest pain/discomfort, nausea or stomach distress, vertigo/loss of balance, feeling faint/lightheaded, sensations of heat or cold, derealization, fear of losing emotional control, fear of dying - At least 1 panic attack is followed by at least 1 month of one or both of the following: chronic worry about having more panic attacks, marked effort to engage in behaviors to avoid panic attacks

Cluster A Personality Disorders - Odd and Eccentric

- Paranoid - Schizotypal - Schizoid

Schizoid Personality Disorder

- Pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotions in interpersonal relationships - Individual will typically avoid social interaction, perfers solo activities and interests - Seems to receive little to no pleasure from sensory, bodily, or interpersonal relationships - Affect is typically flat and expressionless - Preference for abstract intellectual interests

Antisocial Personality Disorder

- Pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others - Begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood - Deceit, manipulation, and exploitation are central characteristics - Pattern of impulsivity may be present, decisions are made with little or no planning or thought

Adoption:

- Research shows that children who are adopted can often benefit from ongoing contact with their birth family, as long as the birth family can be supportive of the adoption. - If both families are supportive, an arrangement to ensure ongoing contact can be beneficial to adopted children. - Not all children struggle to attach to the new family. If the birth parents are supportive, the child may not have this issue. - Although children can benefit from being asked for their input, leaving the choice up to the child may be stressful for the child. The child's priority may be to please others rather than to decide what's healthiest for him. - Since not all birth families will be supportive of the adoption, contact will sometimes be inappropriate. The adoptive family will need to supervise the child to try to avoid undesired contact.

Characteristics of Attachment

- Safe Haven - When child feels threatened they can return to caregiver for comfort & soothing - Secure Base - Caregiver provides a secure base for child to explore the world - Separation Distress - When separated from caregiver, child becomes distressed and upset.

Super Ego

- Seat of conscience - Moral judge/guilt - If super ego is too strong, feels guilty all of the time - Uses internal/external rewards or punishments to control and regulate id impulses

Culture and parenting practices

- Since cultural issues may impact how parents expect a child to behave, how they perceive a child's role in the family and how they believe discipline should be handled, social workers should inquire about the parents' culture to learn about its possible influence on their parenting practices. - If the social worker asks about the family's culture in a respectful and direct manner, such questions are not likely to offend. - It's important for social workers to inquire about the possible impact of people's culture on their parenting.

Sleep Disorders

- Sleep disorders can lead to problems that can mimic depression. It is important to rule out physical health problems when people are chronically exhausted. Recommending he discuss a sleep study with his physician could be helpful in determining if he has a condition, such as sleep apnea, that is causing his symptoms. - The correct first course is to talk to his physician to rule out physical health problems and sleep disorders. - A psychiatrist should not be the first option. It is important to rule out physical health issues first.

Code of Ethics

- Social workers are directed to keep client information confidential unless there is an imminent risk and clear, intended victims. In this case, according to current law, since the client does not disclose specific victims, confidentiality must be maintained. - Dual relationships are unethical when they're sexual in nature or exploit the client in some fashion. o Even if a dual relationship is present, there may be circumstances in which a social worker can maintain a professional relationship with a client. Especially in rural areas, where a dual relationship is unavoidable and does not harm the client. - states that social workers need to confront colleagues who may be distressed or experiencing problems that might interfere with their work. - The Social Work Code of Ethics clearly states that social workers need to make appropriate referrals when clients present with issues that are outside of a social worker's area of expertise. - When social workers take on positions in the community, it's important to clarify roles. If the social worker takes on the youth leader role, it's important that youth, parents, and other staff understand that the social worker is acting as a private citizen and not providing client services. o The social worker can work with the youth group as long it's clear what role the social worker is taking on.

Acute Stress Disorder

- Symptoms are the same at PTSD - At least 9 symptoms manifest starting immediately after the trauma and lasting from 3 days to 1 month

Dysthymia

- Symptoms represent symptoms of chronic major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder - Chronic depressed mood lasts at least 2 year - Two of the following conditions manifest: lack of appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue, low self-esteem, difficulty in concentrating and indecisive, hopelessness

Incremental Budgeting

- Take last year's budget, include in it any promies that might have been made, and modification as this years budget (least cost politically) -Given a certain percentage of increase or decrease in funding, increase or decrease each component of the agency that percentage in order to reach overall goal -Given a certain percentage decrease in functioning, decrease from certain programs that either appears not to be effective or that are not politically popular (leads to conflict within the agency) These approaches rest on the assumption that funding will remain fairly constant MAJOR MYTH -this approach affects optimization and eventually lead to co-optation within the organization -Does not lead to effecive evaluation of programs -Leads to a maintenence mentality within the organization

Adminsitrative Supervision

- The supervisor is a link in the chain of adminstration -has responsibility for agency managment, and specific, clearly defined, adminstrateve functions- Directing and Guiding workers in managment

Thyroid Problems

- Thyroid problems have been linked to depression. Since the client reports a history of thyroid problems, it is important to recommend she have her thyroid levels tested prior to beginning mental health services as she may be experiencing a medical issue contributing to her depression. - It is important to address any physical health issues before establishing goals and objectives. It is important to rule out physical health issues before treating her mental health issues.

Schizophreniform Disorder

- Two of the following symptoms manifest and last between 1 and 6 months: * Hallucinations * Delusions * Disorganized or incoherent speech * Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior * Negative symptoms such as reduced emotional expression

Anxiety Disorders

- Typically last at least 6 months - Involve disproportionate fear response relative to the actual danger posed - Involve maladaptive behaviors by the individual to avoid anxiety

Women and Substance Abuse

- Typically use less alcohol than men - drink less often - less likely to develop alcohol related problems - once they do become addicted the associated problems, physical and interpersonal, tend to progress more quickly and become more severe than with men - more likely to feel stigmatized by their alcoholism and less likely to seek treatment or reveal alcoholism to a therapist - Self-esteem problems and depression are risk factors that the social worker should keep in mind when creating programs to address substance use. - Risk factors for substance abuse in women include depression, peer pressure, and low self-esteem.

Three Levels of the Mind (Psyche)

- Unconscious - thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories of which are we unaware - Preconscious - thoughts and feelings which can be brought to consciousness easily - Conscious - mental activities of which we are fully aware

Interpreters

- Use of a child as an interpreter may alter family power relationships and prevent adults from sharing important or embarrassing details - Child are the least appropriate - Relatives may also impose their own views and hide important or embarrassing details - An untrained interpreter may miss important clues

PTSD in Soliders

- Virtual reality therapy: allows clinicians to simulate the combat environment and expose soldiers to lifelike scenarios, thereby helping reduce their anxiety and symptoms of PTSD. Virtual reality therapy, which seems to reduce the stigma surrounding treatment, has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD for combat soldiers. - There is conflicting research about whether or not hypnotherapy is helpful for symptoms of PTSD. - Sand tray therapy is most commonly used with children, since they're less likely to be able to verbalize their experiences. - There's conflicting research about the benefits of psychoanalysis and PTSD. For soldiers who have develop symptoms due to combat experience, exploring their childhood or their unconscious desires hasn't proven helpful.

Speech

- When a client's speech is frenzied, loud, and difficult to interrupt, it indicates pressured speech. can be a sign of mania but it can also indicate other disorders, such as schizophrenia. Pressured speech is loud, rapid, frenzied, and can be difficult to interrupt. - Circumstantial speech involves unnecessary details before getting to the point but is not necessarily loud or rapid. - Tangential speech lacks focus but is not necessarily rapid.

Chronic pain and depression are frequent co-morbid conditions.

- When depression increases, pain can increase and increased pain can make depression worse. Social workers can help people manage their pain better by managing their mental health symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is often helpful in teaching new skills to manage chronic pain. Other pain management strategies--not listed in the answers here--may also be useful.

Terminal Diagnosis:

- When people are given a terminal diagnosis, maintaining hope and optimism can reduce their depression and anxiety and lead to better outcomes. - Since this family reports they're praying for a miracle, they understand the illness has a poor prognosis and therefore aren't in denial. - Since there are cases in which people survive after a terminal diagnosis, it's for the social worker to help the family remain optimistic. - It's more helpful to encourage the family to remain hopeful, rather than reminding the teenager that her cancer is terminal. - The fact that this family are praying for a miracle indicates they already understand the cancer is terminal.

young children and PTSD

- Young children who aren't able to verbalize their anxiety will often engage in traumatic play if they are experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Traumatic play is often repetitive and involves replaying and acting out the trauma. - Since this child is only four years old and has experienced a trauma, it's important to know how much of her play centers on the fire. Trauma-themed play can be a symptom of PTSD.

HIPAA privacy regulations

- allow clients to review their records. They can propose amendments to the record if they so wish. - It is appropriate to discuss the client's concerns, including any amendments he would like to make. - The client may not have the opportunity to talk to the people who receive the records. Inaccurate records may be damaging to him, even if he offers a verbal explanation of any discrepancies - The record can be amended after it has been signed. - The client has a right to his own records and he can provide input into any amendments he would like to see made. - According to federal law (HIPAA), in order to release substance abuse information, a client needs to specifically state that it can be released. Otherwise, all substance abuse information has to be kept confidential. o Since the client has only signed a release about general diagnostic information, it's only acceptable to share information about the generalized anxiety disorder.

Sensory Disorders

- can cause children to exhibit a wide array of behaviors that can interfere with school and social functioning. Sensory problems can cause children to struggle with noises, tactile issues, and physical coordination. A referral to an occupational therapist can help determine if some behavioral issues may be caused by sensory issues. - An occupational therapist can provide further evaluation to help determine if the child has sensory issues that may be contributing to the behavioral issues.

School refusal

- can stem from a variety of problems. Anxiety is a common reason kids stay home. However, keeping a child at home is likely to worsen the child's anxiety, not relieve it. When parents allow children to stay home from school, it can create more problems for the child--as well as legal problems for the parents. - The longer the child avoids school the more difficult it could be for her to return. The social worker will likely be most successful in treating the child's anxiety with exposure to school, not continued avoidance. - Not sending the child to school is illegal. Although these parents are well-intentioned in their attempts to reduce their daughter's anxiety, they are likely going to make her anxiety worse in the long-term if they do not make her attend school.

Informed Consent

- clients have a right to know about a social worker's training, expertise, and education - It is important to answer these sorts of questions honestly and factually to assist clients in making decisions about their treatment.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-Persisent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development, as characterized by (1) and/or (2) 1. inattention: six (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupation. a. often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes on school work, work. b. often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities c.often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly d. often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace e. often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities f. often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort g. often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (materials, keys, wallet) h. is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli i. is often forgetful in daily activities (doing chores, running errands) 2. hyperactivity and impulsivity: 6 (or more) of the following symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level and that negatively impacts directly on social/occupational/academic a. often fidgets with or taps hands b. often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected c. often runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate d. often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly e. is often "on the go" f. often talks excessively g. often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed h. often has difficulty waiting his or her turn i. often interrupts or intrudes on others (butts in conversations, games, or activities) 3. several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12 4. several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are present in two or more settings 5. there is clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of social/academic/occupation 6. the symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and not explained by another mental disorder.

Contact Phase: Problem Identification and Definition

-Problem as the client sees it -Problem as defined by significant systems with which the client system is in interaction -Problem as the worker sees it -Problem-for-work (place of beginning together)

Social Learning Theory

-Recipocal Determination -Expectancy of Reinforcement -Modeling (vicarious learning)

Addiction

-Stimulants (cocaine and methaphetimine) -Opiates (morphine, heroin, oxy/hydro codone) -Benzos (valum, xanax) Alcohol- associated with WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY (characterized by movement, memory, and other neurological probems)

Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period.

Schizophreniform Disorder

-Two or more of the folowing, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period. At least one of these must be 1, 2, or 3. 1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. negative symptoms -an episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months. -schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out because either 1) no major depressive or manic episodes have occurred or 2) if mood episodes have occurred during active phase symptoms, they ahve been present of ra minority of the total duration. -the disturbance is not attirbutable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.

Specific Learning Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-difficulties learning and using academic skills, as indicated by the presence of at least one of the following symptoms that have persisted for at least 6 months.

Tic Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-onset is before age 18 -criteria have never been met for tourette's disorder

Stereotypic Movement Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-onset is in the early developmental period

Developmental Coordination Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period

Delusional Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

-presence of 1 or more delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer -Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met -apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its ramifications, functioning is not markedly impaired, and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd. -if manic or major depressive episodes have occurred, these have been brief relative to the duration of the delusional periods -the disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition, mental disorder.

Substance/Medication-induced psychotic disorder

-presence of one or both of the following symptoms 1. delusions 2. hallucinations -there is evidence from the history, physical, or lab findings of both 1 and 2 1. they symptoms of criterion a developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or after exposure 2. the involved substance/medication is capable of producing the symptoms in criterion a. -the disturbance is not better explained by a psychotic disorder that is not substance/medication-induced. such evidence of an independent psychotic disorder could include the following. -the disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium -the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other importance areas of functioning.

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (49)

1. Alcohol use disorder specify severity 2. Alcohol Intoxication specify: a. with use disorder, mild .b. with use disorder, mod/sev c. w/o use disorder 3. Alcohol Withdrawal specify: a. w/o perceptual disturbances b. with perceptual disturbances 4. . Other alcohol-induced disorders 5. unspecified alcohol-related disorder 6. caffeine intoxication 7. caffeine withdrawal 8. other caffeine-induced disorders 9. unspecified caffeine-related disorder 10. Cannabis Use Disorder specify severity 11. Cannabis Intoxication a. without perceptual disturbances a1. with use disorder, mild a2. with use disorder, moderate or sever a3. without use disorer b. with perceptual distrubances b1-b3. same as a1-a3 12. cannabis withdrawal 13. other cannabis-induced disorders 14. unspecified cannabis-related disorder 15. phencyclidine use disorder specify severity 16. other hallucinogen use disorder specify the hallucinogen and seerity 17. phencyclidine intoxication specify: a. with use disorder, mild b. with use disorder, mod/sev c. without use disorder 18. other hallucinogen intoxication a. with use disorder, mild b. with use disorder, mod/sev c. without use disorder 18. hallucinogen persisting perception disorder 19. other phencyclidine-induced disorder 20. other hallucinogen-induced disorder 21. unspecified phencyclidine-related disorder 22. unspecified hallucinogen-related disorder 23. inhalant use disorder specify inhalent and severity 24. Inhalant Intoxication specify: a. with use disorder, mild b. with use disorder, mod/sev c. without use disorder 24. Other inhlant-induced disorder 25. unspecified inhalant-related disorder 26. Opiod Intoxication a. specify: without perceptual disturbances a1. with use disorder, mild a2. with use disorder, mod/seve a3. without use disorder b. with perceptual disturbances b1-b3. 27. Opioid Withdrawal 28. Other Opioid-Induced Disorder 29. Unspecified Opioid-Related Disorder 30. Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic use disorder specify severity 31. Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication specify: a. with use disorder, mild b. with use disorder, mod or sev c. without use disorder 32. sedative, hynotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal specify: a. without perceptual distrubances b. with perceptual disturbances 33. other sedative , hypnotic, or anxiolytic-induced disorders 34. unspecified sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic related disorder 35. stimulant use disorder specify: a. Mild a1. Amphetamine-type substane a2. Cocaine a3. other or unspecified stimulant b. moderate b1-3 c. severe c1-c3 36. stimulant intoxication specify: specific intoxicant a. amphetamine or other stimlant, without perceptual disturbances a1. with use disorder, mild.....etc b. Cocaine, without perceptual disturbances b1-b3 c. Amphetamine or other stimulant, with perceptual disturbances c1-c3 d. cocain, with perceptual disturbances d1-d3 37. Stimulant Withdrawal Specify: a. amphetamine or other stimulant b. cocaine 38. other stimulant induced disorder 39. Unspecified stimulant-related disorder specify: a. amphetamine or other stimulant b. cocaine 40. tobacco use disorder specify: a. on maintenance therapy, in a controlled enviornment b. current severity 41. tobacco withdrawal 42. other tobacco-induced-disorders 43. unspecified tobacco-related disorder 44. other (or unknown) substance use disorder specify: severity 45. other (or unknown) substance intoxication specify: with use disorder, mild, etc..... 46. Other (or unknown) substance withdrawal 47. other (or unknown) substance-induced disorders 48. Unspecified other (or unknown) substance-related disorder 49. Gambling Disorder specify: episodic/persistent specify: severity

Schizophrenia: Negative Symptoms

1. Alogia - delayed responses to questions and comments 2. Anhedonia - inability to experience pleasure 3. Flact affect - monotone voice, absence of facial expressions 4. Social withdrawal - 5. Catatonia - See definition 6. Declining ability to care for self 7. Loss interest in personal hygiene

Drugs for Substance abuse

1. Antibus (Alcohol antagonist) 2. Campral- for absense from alcohol 3. Trexan (Naltrexone-Opioidantagonist) (blocks alcohol receptors) 4. Revia 5. Suboxone (Bupreophine) for detox heroin and other drugs

Autism Spectrum Disorder Specifier List (4)

1. Associated wth known medical/genetic condition 2. Current severity for criterion A or B. (requiring very subst support, subst. support, requiring support) 3. with or without accompanying intellectual impairment 4. with catatonia use catatonia code

Cerebral Stimulants: Hyperactivity (Paradozical Effect)

1. Benzedrine (Amphetamine Sulfate) 2. Dexedrine (Dexo-amphetamine) 3. Ritilin (Amphetamine- Methyphenidate) 4. Cylert (Pemoline) 5. Adderall (Mixed Salts- Dextroamphetamine and Ampthetamine) 6. Stratera (Non-stimulant)

Antianxiety: Axapirones

1. Buspar (Buspirone)

Antipsychotics Atypical Major Tranquilizers

1. Clozaril (Clozapine) (side effect- agrunulocytosis- clumping of white blood cells) 2. Risperdol (Risperdone) 3. Zyprexa (Olanzapine) 4. Seroquil (Quetiapine) (Side effect- cataracts) 5. Geodon (Ziprasidone) 6. Abilify (Aripiprazole) 7. Invega Sustenna (Paliperidone)

Key Functions of Adminstrative Supervision

1. Communications linkage 2. Accountability for performance 3. Evaluation 4. Assignment of cases and distribution of work 5. Emotional support for workers 6. Utilization by the agency of each worker's experience

Program Evaluation

1. Problem formation and measurement 2. Data collection measures 3. Research Design 4. Setting 5. Utilization of Results

Neurocognitive Disorders (16)

1. Delirium Specify: a. substance intoxication delirium b. substance withdrawal delirium c. medication-induced delirium d. delirium due to another medical condition e. delirium due to multiple etiologies specify: e1. acute/persistent e2. hyperactive, hypoactive, mixed level of activity 2. other specified delirium 3. unspecified delirium All following have Major or Mild Neurocognitive disorder due to _________ specifiy: with or without behavioral disturbance mild neurocognitive disorder due to ______ 4. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to alzheimer's disease 5. Major or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder 6. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies 7. Major or Mild Vascual Neurocognitive Disorder 8. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to TBI 9. Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder 10. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to HIV infection 11. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Prion Disease 12.Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Parksinson's Disease 13. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Huntington's Disease 14. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Another Medical Condition 15. Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Multiple Etiologies 16. Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder .

Stages of Death and Dying

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Research- Types of Statistics

1. Descriptive Stats- mean meadian mode correlation 2. Inferential Stats- significance level

Motor Disorders List (9)

1. Development Coordination Disorder 2. Stereotypic Movement Disorder Specify if: a. with self-injurious behavior/without self-injurious behavior b. associated with a known medical or genetic condition, neurodevelopmental disorder, or environment factor c. current severity: mild/mod/sev 3. Tourette's Disorder 4. Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder Specify if: With motor tics only/with vocal tics only 5. Provisional Tic Disorder 6. Other specified tic disorder 7. unspecified tic disorder 8. other specified neurodevelopmental disorder 9. unspecified neurodevelomental disorder

Four Steps of ZBB

1. Development of planning assumptions and articulation of goals 2. Defining of Decison Units 3. Development of Decison Packages 4. Priority Taking

Depressive Disorders (8)

1. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder 2. Major Depressive Disorder Specify: a. single episode (mild/mod/sev/with psychotic features/in partial remission/in full remission/unspecified b. recurrent episode (same as a.) 3. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Specify: a. in partial remission/full remission b. early onset, late onset c. with pure dysthymic syndrome, with persistent major depressive episode, with intermittent major depressive episodes, with current episode, with intermittent major depressive episodes, without current episode d. mild, moderate, severe 4. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disoder 5. Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder 6. Depressive Disorder Due to another medical condition Specify: a. with depressive features b. with major depressive-like episode c. with mixed features 7. other specified depressive disorder 8. unspecified depressive disorder

Zero Base Budgeting Characteristics

1. Each component of a program must begin each year with zero $ allocation 2. Justification must then be made for the entire allocation for next year's budget 3. Nothing is assumed in ZBB. Every function of every dept is questioned. New and existing programs are placed under the same magnifiying glass. However, its aim is to cut dollar- not service. True ZBB has built in flexibility that gives managers a range of choices to facilitate priority setting and establishment of funding levels

Elimination Disorders (4)

1. Enuresis specify: a. nocturnal only/diurnal only/ nocturnal and diurnal 2. Encopresis Specify: with constipation and overflow incontinence, w/o. 3. other specified elimination disorder Specify: a. with urinary symptoms b. with fecal symptoms 4. unspecified elimination disorder a. with urinary symptoms b. with fecal symptoms

ADHD Symptoms of Inattention

1. Fails to give close attention to detais or makes careles mistakes in schoolwork 2. Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play 3. Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly 4. Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace 5. Difficulty organizing tasks and activites 6. Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort (schoolwork) 7. Often loses toys, assignments, pencils, books, or tools needed for tasks or activities 8. Easily distracted 9. Often forgetful in daily activities

ADHD Symptoms of Hyperactivity-Impulsivity

1. Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat 2. Leaves seat when remaining seated is expected 3. Runs about or climbs inappropriate situations 4. Difficulty playing quietly 5. Often "on the go" acts as if "driven by a motor" 6. Talks excessively 7. Blurts out answers before questions have been completed 8. Difficulty waiting turn 9. Interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into conversations or games)

Gender Dysphoria (4)

1. Gender Dysphoria in children Specify: with a disorder of sex development 2. Gender dysphoria in adolsecents and adult Specify: a. with a disorder of sex development b. posttransition 3. other specified gender dysphoria 4. unspecified gender dysphoria

Hallucinations - Five senses

1. Gustatory Hallucination - Taste (i.e. arsenic in food) 2. Tactile Hallucination - Touch (i.e. snakes or bugs on you) 3. Visual Hallucination 4. Auditory Hallucination 5. Olfactory Hallucination - Smell of blood or corps

Antianxiety: Beta Blockers

1. Inderol 2. Corgard 3. Lopressor 4. Tenormin

Attachment- Learned Helplessness

Abused or threatened people may learn to tolerate/accept helplessness; which may explain why many abused children return to their abusive relationships

Sleep-Wake Disorders (18)

1. Insomnia disorder specify: with onsleep disorder mental comorbidity, with other medicinal cmbdty, with other sleep disorder. 2. Hypersomnolence Disoder Specify: with menal disorder, with medical condition, with another sleep disorder 3. narcolepsy Specify: a. Narcolepsy w/o cataplexy but with hypocretin deficiency b. narcolepsy with cataplexy but w/o hypocretin deficiency c. autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy d. autosmal dominant narcolepsy, obesity, and type II diabetes e. Narcoplepsy secondary to another medical condition 4. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea 5. Central Sleep Apnea Specify: a. idiopathic cenral sleep apnea b. cheyne-stokes breating c. central sleep apnea comorbid with opiod use 6. sleep-related hypoventilation specify: a. idiopathic hypoventilation b. congenital central alveolar hypoventilation c. comorid sleep-related hypoventilation 7. circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders specify: a. delayed sleep phase type b. advanced sleep phase type c. irregular sleep-wake type d. non 24 hour sleep wake type e. shift work type f. unspecified type 8. non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders specify: a. sleepwalking type b. sleep terror type 9. Nightmare disorder Specify: a. during sleep onset b. with associated non-sleep disorder, with associated other medical condition, with associated other sleep disorder 10. rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder 11. restless legs syndrome 12. substance/medication-induced sleep disorder 13. other specified insomnia disorder 14. unspecified insomnia disorder 15. other specified hypersomnolence disorder 16. unspecified hypersomnolence disorder 17. other specified sleep-wake disorder 18. unspecified sleep-wake disorder

Communication Disorders List (5)

1. Language disorder 2. Speech sound disorder 3. childhood on-set fluency disorder (stuttering) 4. Social Communication disorder 5. unspecified communication disorder *later on-set cases are diagnosed as #5

Service Delivery - 5 Principles

1. Location and pragmatic services (walking distance, relevant services...) 2. Staffing (language, expertise, educational and licencing level) 3. Community Outreach Programs (workshops, community meetings, visibility to target pop) 4. Agency Setting (the cultural valus of the client pop are reflected in the art, frunature, room designs) 5. Service linkage- Connections between the agency and various service providers in the area

Other Antidepressants

1. Ludiomil 2. Desyrel (Trazodone) 3. Wellbutrin (works on dompamine instead of serotonin) Zyban 4. Effexor (Venlafaxine) 5. Serzone (Nefazone) 6. Cymbalta (Duloxetine HCI) 7. Pristiq (Desvenlafaxine)

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (8)

1. Obsessive-compulsive disorder specify: tic-related 2. body dysmorphic disorder specify: with muscle dysmorphia 3. hoarding disorder specify: excessive acquisition 4. trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorde) excoriation (skin-picking) disorder 5. Substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder 6. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorder due to another medical condition 7 other specified obsessive-copulsive and related disorder 8. unspecified obsessive compulsive and related disorder.

Other Mental disorders (4)

1. Other specified mental disorder due to another medical condition 2. unspecified mental disorder due to another medical condition 3. other specified mental disorder 4. unspecified mental disorder

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

1. Physiolgicall 2. Safety 3. Social Needs 4. Self-Esteem 5. Self-Actualization

Maslow's Hierarchy of needs:

1. Physiological 2. Safety 3. Love/belonging 4. Esteem 5. Self-actualization According to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, humans are motivated to satisfy a variety of needs, in succession from lower to higher, starting with basic physiological needs and progressing toward a need for transcendence. The satisfaction of the higher needs--for knowledge, for beauty, for self-actualization--depends on whether the lower needs--for safety, for love, for esteem--have already been met.

Kohlberg's Moral Development

1. Premoral Morality 0-7 2. Conventional Morality 7-13 3. Postconventional Morality 13+

Trauma and stressor related disorders (7)

1. Reactive attachment disorder specify: persistent, severe 2. disinhibited social engagement disorder specify: persisent, severe 3. posttraumatic stress disorder (includes children 6 and under) specify: with dissociative symptoms b. with delayed expression 4. acute stress disorder 5 adjustment disorders specify: a. with depressed mood b. with anxiety c. with mixed anxety and depressed mood d. with disturbance of conduct e. with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct f. unspecified 6. other specified trauma and stressor related disorder 7. unspecified trauma and stressor related disorder

Piaget's Cognitive Development

1. Sensorimotor 0-18 months 2. Peroperational 18 mo-7years 3. Concrete Operations 7-11 4. Formal Operations 11-18

Anxiety Disorders (11)

1. Separation Anxiety Disorder 2. Selective Mutism 3. Specific Phobia Specify: a. animal b. natural environment c. blood-injection-injury d. situation e. other 4. social anxety disorder (social phobia) specify: performance only 5. panic attack specifier 6. agoraphobia 7. generalized anxiety disorder 8. substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder 9.anxiety disorder due to another medical condition 10. other specified anxiety disorder 11. unspecified anxiety disorder

Anxiety Disorders

1. Separation Anxiety Disorder 2.. Specific Phobia 3. Social Anxiety Disorder or known as Social Phobia 4. Panic Disorder

Schizophrenia: Positive Symptoms

1. Thought broadcasting 2. Delusions - Thoughts based in interpretation of reality a) Ideas of reference - Random events has personal relevance b) Ideas of persecution - paranoia c) Delusion of grandeur - possess special powers, Messiah 3. Hallucinations - Sensory (visual/auditory)

Erikson's 8 Stages

1. Trust v Mistrust (Birth -18 months) 2. Autonomy v Shame and Doubt (18-36 months) 3. Initiative v Guilt (3-6) 4. Industry v Inferiority (6-12) 5. Identity v Role confusion (12-17) 6. Intimacy v Isolation (18-24) 7. Generativity v Stagnation (24-64) 8. Ego Integrity v Despair (65-death)

Paraphilic Disorder (10)

1. Voyeuristic Disorder 2. Exhibitionistic Specify whether: Sexually aroused by exposing genitals to prepubertal children, sexually aroused by exposing genitals to physical mature individuals, sexually aroused by exposing genitals to prepubertal children and to physically mature individuals 3. Frotteuristic Disorder 4. Sexual Masochism disorder specify: if with asphyxiophilia 5. Sexual Sadism Disorer 6. Pedophilic Disorder specify: exclusive/nonexclusive specify: sexually attracted to males/females/both specify: limited to incest 7. fetishistic Disorder specify: body parts, nonliving objects, other 8. transvestic disorder specify: with fetishism, with autogynephilia 9. other specified paraphilic disorder 10. unspecified paraphilic disorder

Mental status exam category question areas

1. appearance 2. behavior 3. attitude 4. level of consciousness 5. orientation 6. speech and language 7. mood 8. affect 9. thought process 10. thought content 11. suicidality/homicidality 12. insight/judgement 13. attention apn 14. memory 15. intellectual functioning

Bipolar and Related Disorders (6)

1. bipolar I Disorder: Current or most recent episode manic (mild/moderate/severe/with psychotic features/in partial remission/in full remission/unspecified Current or most recent episode hypomanic (in partial remission/in full remission/unspecified) Current or most recent episode depressed (mild/moderate/severe/withpsychotic features/in partial remission/in full remission/unspecified) Current or most recent episode unspecified 2. Bipolar II Disorder (same specifiers as #1) 3. Cyclothymic disorder Specifiy: with anxious distress 4. Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder due to another medical condition Specify: a. with manic features b. with manic or hypomanic like episode c. with mixed features 5. Other specified bipolar and related disorder 6.unspecified bipolar and related disorder

Sexual Dysfunctions (10)

1. delayed ejaculation 2. erectile disorder 3. female orgasmic disorder Specify: never experienced an orgasm under any situation 4. female sexual interest/arousal disorder 5. genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder 6.male hypoactive sexual desire disorder 7. premature (early ejaculation) 8. substance/medication-induced sexual dysfunction 9. other specified sexual dysfunction 10. unspecified sexual dysfunction

Dissociative disorders (5)

1. dissociative identity disorder 2. dissociative amnesia specify: a. with dissociative fugue 3. depersonalization/derealization disorder 4. other specified dissociative disorder 5. unspecified dissociate disorder

Erikson's psychosocial development

1. eight stages 2. psychosocial crisis 3. cyclical process

Managment and Motivation: Human Resource/Relations Theory Problems in organizations redefined as psychological problems

1. idea that organizations exist to serve human needs 2. Organizations and people need each other 3. If the fit between an individual and an organization is poor, on will suffer 4. A good fit benefits both indivdual and organization

Intellectual Disabilities List (5)

1. intellectual development disorder (specify severity) 2. Global Development Delay 3. Unspecified intelectual disability

Somatic symptom and related disorders (7)

1. somatic symptom disorder Specify: a. with predominant pain b. persistent c. current severity 2. illness anxiety disorder Specify: a. care seeking type b. care avoidant type 3. conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) Specify: a. with weakness or paralysis b. with abnormal movement c. with swallowing symptoms d. with speech symptom e. with attacks or seizures f. with anesthesia or sensory loss g. with special sensory symptom h. with mixed symptoms 4. psychological factors affecting other medical conditions Specify: severity 5. Factitious disorder specify: single/recurrent episodes 6. other specified somatic symptom and related disorder 7. unspecified somatic symptom and related disorder

SOAP notes

1. subjective: reason why they are seeking help 2. objective: traceable facts (vital signs, lab work) 3. assessment 4. plan

6 main theories used in social work

1. systems 2. social learning 3. psychosocial development 4. psychodynamic 5. transpersonal 6. rational choice

Psychosocial Developmental Stages

1. trust vs mistrust 2. autonomy vs shame/doubt 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. identity vs. confusion 6. intimacy vs isolation 7. generativity vs stagnation 8. inegrity vs despair

Motivational Interviewing 5 Steps

1. use empathy to establish a connection 2.Note discrepancies between clients' behavior and their goals 3. Avoid arguements- stay out of power struggles 4. Roll with resistance- acknowledge clients' reluctance to change 5. Support self-efficacy- acknowledge that clients are in charge of their own lives

Feeding and Eating Disorders (8)

1.Pica a. children b. adult 2. Rumination disorder 3. avoidant/reststrictive food intake disorder 4. anorexia nervosa a. restricting type b. binge-eating/purging type 5. bulimia nervosa 6. binge-eating disorder 7. other specified feeding or eating disorder 8. unspecified feeding or eating disorder

Schizophrenia Spectrum/Other Psychotic Disorders List (11)

1.Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder 2. Delusional Disorder Specify: a. erotomanic type, grandiose type, jealous type, persecutorory tpe somatic type, mixed type, unspecified type. b. with bizarre content 3. Brief Psychotic disorder Specify: a. with marked stressor(s), without marked stressor(s), with postpartum onset 4. Schizophreniform Disorder Specify: a. with good prognostic features, without good prog feat 5.Schizophrenia 6. Schizoaffective Disorder Specify: a. Bipolar type b. Depressive type c. Substance/medication induced psychotic disorder d. psychotic disorder due to another medical condition Specify: d.1. with delusions d.2. with hallucinations 7. Catatonia associated with another mental disorder 8. catatonic dosiroder due to another medical condition 9. unspecified catatonia 10. other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder 11. unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder

Psychosexual Development, Genital Stage

12 years and older. The sexual drive, libido, of the earlier phallic stage is reactivated but can now be gratified through love relationships outside the family. If development has proceeded appropriately during earlier stages, this stage is characterized by mature sexuality

Identity v Role Confusion

12-17 years Identity (image of self as unique) V Role Confusion (doubt about identity)

Kohlberg Stage Three: PostConventional Morality

13+ Morality refocuses to prefer democratically derived rules or laws Morality depends on individual's principles of conscience- doing what seems right regardless of others reactions

Autonomy v Shame and Doubt

18-24 Months Autonomy (Self-control, adequacy) (dress self) V Shame and Doubt (Sense of inner failure)

Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973

1990- amended with the passage of new federal legislation entitle AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA), PUBLIC LAW 101-336

B. Social workers should be aware of cultural differences regarding communication. This factor should be taken in to consideration first before assuming that the boy is being disrespectful or insubordinate. The behavior displayed by the boy in the vignette is typical of First Nations clients in that they typically avoid eye contact with perceived authority figures.

A 14 year old First Nations student is referred to the school social worker by his teacher for "disrespectful behavior". The teacher reports that the student, who recently transferred to the school, does not pay attention and refuses to make eye contact when being reprimanded. During the interview, the social worker notices that the student keeps his head averted, avoids eye contact but reports that he does pay attention in class. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. Attribute diagnostic significance to the lack of eye contact B. Be aware of cross cultural differences in communication styles C. Initiate education for the school staff in cultural difference D. Assess the significance of eye contact for the teacher

A. It is important that the social worker asses to see what issues lie at the heart of his perceptions of the social worker. The question clearly asks what the social worker should do first. The social worker must assess first before offering any other viable intervention.

A 35 year male client is in therapy with a female social worker for help with social relationships. The worker perceives that a good and healthy working relationship has been established but in the eighth session, the client announces that he wants a new social worker. He states that the worker is too young to help with his particular set of problems. The social worker should FIRST: A. encourage the client to discuss his feelings about their relationship B. review her professional experience to reassure the client C. help the client to differentiate the social worker from other women in his life D. offer a list of older social workers and refer client

A. According to Elizabeth Kubler's Ross's Stages of Grief, symptoms associated with denying that best fits behaviors of denial.

A 45 year old client's husband recently died in a car accident. The client is in a state of disbelief about her husband's death and tries to avoid conversations about the topic. The client also tries to keep herself busy in an effort to avoid thinking about her loss. According to Kubler-Ross' Stages of Grief, the client's behavior MOST likely fits which stage? A. Denial B. Anger C. Acceptance D. Dissassociation

D. Physical reasons for physical symptoms should always be ruled out first.

A 50 year old woman comes to a social work agency for help regarding the loss of sexual relations with her husband. In the intake interview, the woman describes wakefulness at night, leg cramps and a depressed mood. The social worker should FIRST: A. assess for sexual dysfunction B. evaluate the client for depression C. refer the client for a psychiatric evaluation D. refer the client for a physical evaluation

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A DSM-5 diagnosis characterized by symptoms in two key areas: 1. Deficits in social communication and social interaction 2. Restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities (RRBs)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A DSM-5 diagnosis that encompasses the DSM-IV diagnoses of autistic disorder (autism), Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Characterized by symptoms in two areas: 1. Deficits in social communication and social interaction 2. Restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities (RRBs)

ENABLER

A SW role in direct practice. Involves creating the conditions and environment in which change can occur for clients. Ex. conveying hope, dividing goals into objectives, offering advice, maintaining the focus on intervention goals, and directing family communications in sessions to resolve communication difficulties.

D This is a boundaries question and is covered in the NASW Code of Ethics: Section 1:13. The section states "social workers should avoid accepting goods or services from clients as payment for professional services, bartering arrangements, particularly involving services, create the potential for conflicts of interest, exploitation, and inappropriate boundaries in social workers' relationships with clients."

A breach of ethical conduct may exist when a social worker: A. discusses sports scores with a client during a session B. uses the client's first name C. exchanges books to be read for pleasure with a client D. exchanges sessions for babysitting by the client

Conversion D/o

A disorder diagnosed in the presence of at least one symptom that involves an alteration in voluntary motor or sensory function and is incompatible with known neurological and medical consitions.

Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)

A disorder that begins during the developmental period. It is characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning (used to be called mental retardation) This diagnosis can only be made by a psychiatrist or Psy.D. and administers a psychiatric evaluation followed by an IQ test. Severity Levels: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound Levels of severity are defined on the basis of adaptive functioning, not IQ scores. (adaptive functioning determines the level of supports required).

Classical Conditioning

A form of learning in which existing responses are attached to new stimuli by paring those stimuli with those that naturally elicit the response. Also can be thought of as stimulus response in that the same as respondent stimulus elicits a response

Simple symbolic play

A form of pretend play in which children begin using one object to represent another object and engage in one or two simple actions of pretend play. Usually begins at around 9 or 10 months of age.

B This question requiires that the reader thoroughly analyze the criteria outlined in the question. Distinct cultrual chracteristics places minority groups at subordinate roles in larger society.

A group of individuals with one or more characteristics (social, physical, religious, or cultural) identified as being subordinately distinct in a larger societal context is defined as being a: A. heterogeneous group B. minority group C. target group D. homogeneous group

B. A client's right to self determination is a basic principle of social work. The woman has clearly stated that she wants to return home to an environment that she knows is risky however, the social worker can support the woman by helping her develop a plan for her safety if the abuse continues. SAFETY FIRST.

A hospital social worker is called to the emergency room by a nurse to intervene with a woman who was abused by her spouse. The woman insists that she wants to return home to her husband but says she "needs to talk to someone". The MOST appropriate intervention that the social worker can make is to: A. confront the woman's decision to return to her husband B. help the woman develop a safety plan C. explore the woman's feelings about her husband D. identify what may happen is she returns home

C. Only those who are legally responsible for a person's care are able to make decisions about their care. It would be vital, in this case, that the social worker determine who is legally responsible for making decisions on behalf of the clients before acquiescing to a particular side.

A hospital social worker meets with a family after a member is critically injured and is in a coma. The family informs the social worker that the patient has a same-sex life partner and they do not want this person involved in the patient's care. The life partner later arrives and asks the social worker about the patient. The social worker should FIRST: A. refer the partner to the family for information B. inform the partner of the prognosis given by the doctor C. determine who can legally make health care decisions D. discuss the issue of medical decision-making with the family

Catatonia

A marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve decreased motor activity, decreased engagement during interview or phsycial examination, or excessive and peculiar motor activity. Motor immobility may be severe (stupor) or moderate (catalepsy and waxy flexibility) Decreased engagement may be severe (mutism) or moderate (negativism).

B. The social worker might very will do all of these with the client but B should be the first due to the fact that the current state of the relationship places either or both partners at risk for relapse.

A married couple who states they are in recovery from long term substance abuse requests marital therapy. The couple reports a deteriorating relationship with frequent heated arguments. The social worker should FIRST: A. teach the couple anger management skills B. asses for substance abuse relapse in either partner C. teach the couple communication skills D. assess for domestic violence in the relationship

Miracle Question

A miracle question asks clients to imagine their issues have been resolved overnight, what would be different, and what might have happened to bring this about.

Prescribing the symptom

A paradoxical intervention that forces a client to either give up a symptom or admit that it is under his/her control. The intervention - e.g., telling an overprotective father to keep a closer eye on his child - is believed to unbalance the system so that a client or family becomes more open to change.

Anti Depressants

MAOIs Tricyclic antidepressants Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors Other Drugs Drugs for Bipolar Disorder

D. The tendency to argue "B" and the tendency to blame others "C" are specifically identified in the diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder. Episodic drug use is not identified or implied as being among the criteria for ODD.

A person diagnosed as meeting the criteria for oppositional defiant disorder, according to the DSM, will display all of the following symptoms EXCEPT: A. use of obscene language B. tendency to argue C. blaming others for one's own mistakes D. sporadic and episodic drug use

Herzberg- Motivation Hygiene Theory

A person's job must satisfy two basic human needs- Avoid pain and achieve psychological growth and satisfaction

Researcher/evaluator

A social worker role in direct practice. Involves monitoring the progress of clients, evaluating the outcome of an intervention, making judgements about the utility of an interventions, or critically reviewing the clinical research literature.

C. The social worker may utilize all of the interventions however, the expressions of their feelings should occur first. Normalizing their feelings is important but should be done after the feelings have been expressed.

A popular high school student recently committed suicide. A social worker is assigned to assist the students with dealing with the recent loss of their classmate. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. Tell the students how to identify suicide risk factors B. Provide information about local suicide hotlines C. Allow the students to express their feelings D. Normalize the students' feels about the death.

Individuation

A process of differentiation, having for its goal of the development of the individual personality; development of the psychological individual as a differentiated being from the general collective psychology. Identified with Jungian Therapy

Dementia

A serious loss of cognitive ability. Gradual and progressive in Alzheimer's and vascular dementia or immediate as a result of brain injury

Pluralism

A society in which diverse members maintain own traditions while cooperatively working together

Aichmophobia

A specific phobia that focuses on the fear of sharp objects

A. A social work supervisor has an ethical duty to discuss current or past boundary issues with a supervisee. If the supervisee discloses that in inappropriate relationship indeed exists with the client, then other actions would take place.

A social work supervisor notices a subordinate social worker at a movie theater with a current client. When asked directly about this situation, the social worker denies that any boundary violations have occurred. The supervisor should NEXT: A. discuss ethical guidelines with the social worker B. reprimand the social worker C. notify the appropriate social work body D. ask the client about the nature of the relationship

B Engaging in a conversation about clinical matters in a public setting violates confidentiality regulations. Walking away without saying anything to the client may harm the therapeutic relationships. B is the best answer in that you can educate the client about confidentiality while keeping the therapeutic relationship intact. Although social workers should inform clients about privacy procedures from the onset of the relationship, clients are free to disclose any information that they want to us I public but we should not respond in a manner that will facilitate engaging in a discussion about confidential issues.

A social worker attends an event on a weekend in the community that is open to the public. At the event, the social worker is approached by one of her clients. The client asks the social worker about the date and time of their next appointment and begins talking to the social worker about the effectiveness of her medication. The social worker's MOST appropriate response would be to: A. encourage the client to talk more about her symptoms B. ask the client to call your office during normal business hours to inquire about her appointment and inform her that discussing this matter in public is not appropriate C. walk away from the client without saying anything D. assess the client to ensure that she's not suicidal

D: Before any confidential information can be released, the worker must obtain consent from the client and ultimately, a signed release of information. Refer to Section 1.07 of the NASW Code of Ethics.

A social worker employed as a case worker at a community mental health clinic has an adult client who is HIV positive. The social worker has started a referral to a treatment group for HIV positive individuals. The representative of the organization providing the group treatment services has asked about the sexual orientation of the client, stating that the information will assure a better fit between client needs and services provided. In this situation, the social worker should proceed by FIRST: A. releasing the information since it will be held in confidence between service providers B. informing the person requesting the information that sexual orientation should not matter C. requesting the information regarding the different types of groups and discussing the options with the client D. informing the person requesting the information that the client must be consulted before that information can be released

A: The potential that victims of domestic violence will make excuses and deny the existence of and severity of the abuse is the result of psychological distress that's inherent in various form of abuse. Victims of abuse are also likely to make excuses for the presence of bruises, absences from work, school, etc.

A social worker employed at a women's center assesses a female who has bruises on her body. According to the client's medical record, she has a history of being assaulted by her husband. The client appears anxious and vehemently denies being hit, claiming she accidentally fell down the stairs. The client's sense of powerlessness and denial is an indicator of: A. psychological abuse B. physical neglect C. mistrust of the system D. anxiety disorder

B According to Erickson's Stages of Development, integrity vs despair best fits that client's age and the dynamics of his reported malaise.

A social worker has been meeting with a 69 year old male client for the past 6 months. The client abused drugs for most of his adult life and has feelings of depression about the mistakes that he's made. The client states "when you get to be my age, you want to feel like you've accomplished goals and that you can leave something to the world. My life has been as waste". According to Erickson's stages of development, which psychosocial crisis BEST fits this situation: A. trust vs mistrust B. integrity vs despair C. immortality vs extinction D. autonomy vs. shame

A. On the surface, the answer may appear to be "D" however, before offering any potential interventions an assessment must take place first. Furthermore, it is within the purview of hospital based social workers to assess for potential child abuse / neglect. "D" is a possible intervention if the woman refuses to correct her behavior.

A social worker is asked to meet with a 30 year old unemployed pregnant woman who has been hospitalized for observation after an automobile accident. She tells that social worker that she's not receiving prenatal care, has not changed her eating habits, eats mainly fast food and is not exercising in accordance with recommendations that were made to her by her primary care provider. She also states that she goes to nightclubs with friends and sporadically drinks alcohol. The social worker should FIRST: A. assess the woman's knowledge of the effects of her behavior on the fetus B. discuss with the client referrals to available community resources C. explore with the client her plans for caring for the child D. report the woman for suspected abuse of the unborn child

D. Social workers are always bound to the principles of the NASW Code of Ethics. The Code of Ethics supersedes agency policy.

A social worker is assigned to a new supervisor who is not a social worker who adheres to a different code of ethics. The new supervisor asks the social worker to perform a duty that violates the social work code of ethics. What should the social worker do? A. Operate under the new supervisor's Code of Ethics B. Refer to the hospital policy C. Asked to be transferred to another department D. Base professional action on the social work Code of Ethics.

A: This question specifically asks what you would do "first". Contacting the local health authority is possibly a viable intervention later in the therapeutic relationship however, working with the client to discuss the option of notifying their partners and discussing any ambivalence that's present is the nest answer.

A social worker is counseling a client who has tested positive for HIV. The client admits to not informing sexual partners of the diagnosis. The social worker should FIRST: A. encourage the client to inform sexual partners B. inform the client's partners of the positive test C. contact the local public health authority to discuss the issue D. take this as an opportunity to discuss AIDS prevention activities

B. Ruling out any general medical conditions should take precedent over any psychiatric symptoms that the client is displaying.

A social worker is employed by a mobile crisis unit. The worker receives a call in regards to a man who is at a local shopping mall and is under the influence of alcohol. The caller states that the man has been talking to himself, aggressively approaching pedestrians and yelling obscenities. The worker is escorted by the police while responding to the incident. When the worker arrives at the scene, the man is sitting on the sidewalk. The man reeks of alcohol; his speech is barely audible but you hear him murmur a phrase that sounds like "heart problems". In response to this situation, the social worker should FIRST: A. Arrange to have the client transported to a local inpatient alcohol treatment facility B. Arrange for the client to be transported to a local emergency room for a medical evaluation C. Do nothing as it appears as though the client's acute symptoms have subsided D. Have the man arrested on charges of disorderly conduct and public intoxication

D. While "A" and "B" may fit the symptoms, Tourette's must be ruled out first before such diagnoses are made.

A social worker is evaluating a 9 year old child who displays a complex facial tic consisting of tongue protrusion, sniffling and blinking. Barking vocal tics are also present. These symptoms are known to disappear during sleep. What is the MOST likely diagnosis? A. Stereotyped movement disorder B. Chronic motor tic disorder C. Down Syndrome D. Tourette's disorder

C. The first duty of the social worker is to find out if the threat is one that is real or merely an expression of frustration and that no action is likely to take place. If the social worker determines that the client might act upon the threat and harm the former wife, the worker would most likely have a duty to inform the intended victim and / or the appropriate authorities.

A social worker is meeting with a couple involved in a bitter visitation dispute with the husband's former wife. The present wife describes her most recent argument with the former wife. Furious and shaking her fists, she shouts "the very next time she opens her big mouth, I'll close for good!" What should be the social worker's immediate concern? A. Warn the former wife of the threat B. Acknowledge the client's feelings about this situation C. Clarify the meaning of the threat D. Focus on the child's need for peaceful co parenting

B. Social workers have a duty to warn in cases where child abuse is suspected or can be proven. "A" is an intervention that can be offered later in the therapeutic relationship. "D" is the responsibility of the child protection board. Furthermore, "C" is an intervention that can occur later in the relationship.

A social worker is providing therapy for a woman and her 14 year old daughter. The mother occasionally uses drugs. During a session with the daughter, the daughter reveals that she a 4 months pregnant and that her mother is using drugs again. The daughter goes on to say that her mother is almost never home. The social worker should FIRST: A. refer the daughter for prenatal services B. report the child neglect situation to the child protection board C. schedule a joint session with the mother and the daughter D. explore the availability of extended family resources

A. It's likely that the client was terminated illegally therefore; it would be in the client's best interests to seek legal advice. According to the NASW Code of Ethics, social workers should advocate for and advice clients in regards to social justice issues.

A social worker is providing therapy to a client who is HIV positive but who is asymptomatic. The client has received a written notice of termination from his employer due to his HIV status. What should the social worker encourage the client to do? A. Seek legal advice regarding the termination B. Apply for financial assistance C. Apply for a job that has less risk for injury D. Talk to the supervisor regarding the termination

D While the diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder and Anti Social Personality Disorder are similar, Conduct Disorder is the most age appropriate diagnosis being as though the client is 15 years old.

A social worker is seeing a 15 year old male client whose symptoms include: disregard for the safety of others, resistance to authority, and engaging in high risk behavior. The client's symptoms are MOST similar to: A. Anti social Personality Disorder B. Major Depressive Disorder C. Narcissistic Personality Disorder D. Conduct Disorder

D transference is defined as the client's preconceived notions or beliefs about the worker.

A social worker meets for the first time with a patient. After the session, the patient says to the social worker "you remind me so much of my son, you look so much like him". The client then says "he was so sweet and I can tell already that you are as well". This is an example of: A. rapport building B. counter transference C. bonding D. transference

B The client clearly is experiencing vague suicidal ideations. Social workers should always assess for the safety of clients

A social worker meets with a client for their weekly therapy session. The client has a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder. The client tells the social worker that he feels hopeless; the client says that he spent the weekend in bed crying and had problems sleeping. The client goes on to say "sometimes, I think about just calling it quits" In response to the client's comment, the social worker should FIRST: A. discuss the possibility of increasing client's medication dosages with his psychiatrist B. assess for suicide C. encourage the client to speak about more positive aspects of his life D. arrange for a physical examination

A. The social worker should make sure that basic needs are being attended to first.

A social worker meets with a client who complains about being depressed after losing her job seven months ago. At the end of the session, the client yells at the worker and says "I thought you all were going to pay my rent and buy my groceries! What kind of clinic is this?" The social worker explains the clinic's services and policies, but the client remains upset. The social worker should NEXT refer the client for: A. emergency assistance B. vocational counseling C. anger management D. medical evaluation

C. The social worker is attempting to identify the child's specific behaviors and the parents' response to those behaviors (reward / punishment) "C", not unconscious motivations "B", associated with thought processes "A' or the functioning of the family "D".

A social worker meets with the parents of a four year old child who complain that their son hits others and when reprimanded, cries inconsolably. The social worker explores how the aggression is triggered and how the parents respond to the crying episodes. The social worker is using which one of the following theories. A. Cognitive B. Psychodynamic C. Behavioral D. Family systems

A. Dual relationships should be avoided in social work practice. The treatment of a friend's daughter is a definite dual relationship and requires a referral. Beginning an assessment "C" is a clear ethical violation.

A therapist in private practice receives a client referral which turns out to be her friend's daughter. The social worker should: A. refer the daughter to another therapist B. consult with her friend about the daughter's behavior C. conduct an initial assessment D. treat the daughter after clarifying the need for confidentiality with the friend.

A. Any type of non therapeutic pre existing relationship between a potential client and a therapist would be an ethical contradiction and would interfere with the therapeutic process. Being aware of potential ethical implications does not negate the ethical principles associated with this issue (see Section 1.06 of the NASW Code of Ethics)

A therapist practicing in a rural town is contacted by a potential client regarding therapy for conflicts that she's been having in a new romantic relationship. The therapist knows that this person recently ended a relationship with the therapist's cousin. The prospective client insists that the therapist knowledge of her past relationship will serve as benefit because of increased understanding. What is the therapist's MOST appropriate response? A. Decline to provide therapy due to knowledge of the past relationship B. Reassure the client of confidentiality before beginning therapy C. Provide therapy being careful to protect boundary violations D. Explore the dual relationship before beginning therapy

Transference Intervention

A transference interpretation helps clients acknowledge how much the past is affecting their present behavior, by showing how their feelings about the therapist repeat or mimic feelings toward important figures in the past. error

Operant Conditioning

A type of learning in which responses are modified by their consequences. The correct response is reinforced and more likely to occur again. Reinforcement increases the like likelihood of future occurrences of the reinforced response. Punishment and extinction decreases the likelihood of the future occurrences of symptoms

Factional analogy

A way of viewing social systems. Assumes that social systems are made up of competing subunits that are highly prone to conflict. Change tends to be disorderly and unstable; rather than assuming that order can be restored, social workers applying this analogy address conflict directly.

D: The unconscious mind. Freud addresses three areas of cognition: 1) the conscious mind, which individuals are fully aware; 2)the preconscious mind, involving thoughts and feelings of which individuals may be immediately unaware but which can be accessed if easily desired; and 3) the unconscious mind, contain thoughts and feelings of which all individuals remain entirely unaware. The goal of Psychoanalytic Theory is to address the aspect of the mind and its role and influence on the conscious and preconscious mind, along with the resultant thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

A woman describes herself as happily married, yet she occasionally engages in episodic sexual contacts with other men. When asked what motivates her episodes of infidelity, she provides a rather vague initial response and finally states, "I guess I just don't know." According to Freud, what area of cognition is involved in her behavior? A. The subconscious mind B. The preconscious mind C. The conscious mind D. The unconscious mind

C. This item asks what the social worker should do first. Financial assistance could answer immediate needs by helping the family to avoid addiction and obtain other basic needs now. In order to apply for assistance, eligibility should be assessed.

A young father meets with a social worker in a family services clinic for financial assistance. The client completed 11th grade then dropped out of school to work at a wool factory. The factory closed last year and the father has been out of work since then. Although the father is willing and able to work, he has been unable to find work and is concerned that he and his family will be evicted. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. determine if the children are being neglected B. inquire about the employability of the mother C. complete an eligibility assessment D. enroll the father is vocational training

D. Dealing with emotional issues allows the social worker to start where the client is. Clarifying and resolving the mother's fears and concerns may resolve this issue altogether. If the mother fails to immunize her baby, then the case could be made to report the incident to the child protection board but her concerns should be addressed first.

A young mother tells her social worker that she is afraid to immunize her newborn and because of this fear, will probably not do so. What should the social worker do FIRST? A. Contact the child protection agency B. Provide education material to the mother about immunizations C. Warn the mother that she could be reported for medical neglect D. Explore the mother's feelings about immunizations

A diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder can be made: A. Immediately following the traumatic event B. Three months after the stressor took place C. During the traumatic event D. When the client is discussing the event with a Therapist

A. In order to meet the diagnostic criteria for acute stress disorder, symptoms must manifest immediately following the traumatic event. When the symptoms last more than one month and are present for more than 3 months, the appropriate diagnosis would be Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Social (pragmatic) communication disorder

A. Persistent difficulties in ALL of the following: -deficits in using communication for social purposes (greeting, sharing info) impairment of the ability to change communication to match context/needs of listener (speaking differently in a classroom vs on a playground or child vs. adult) Difficulties following rules for conversation and storytelling (taking turns, rephrasing when misunderstood, knowing verbal/nonverbal signals) difficulties understanding what is not explicitly stated (idioms, humor, metaphors) B. The deficits result in functional limitations in effective communication, social partic, social relationships, academics, occupational C. Onset of symptoms is in early develpmental period (but deficits may not become fully manifest until social communication demands exceed limited capacities D. The symptoms are not attributable to a medical/neurological condition

A: Ego integrity versus despair. This is the last developmental stage of life where one reconciles his or her relationships with others, and comes to accept his or her life achievements (including where dreams were not met). Individuals unable to secure relationship and ego integrity will experience a sense of despair. Intimacy versus isolation is the young adult stage, characterized by building multiple important relationships. Identity versus role confusion is the adolescent stage, where one forges sense of self and his or her place in society. Generativity versus stagnation is the mid-life stage, most characterized by learning to care about and nurture others, as opposed to a narcissistic preoccupation with oneself. Erikson was the first theorist to address human development across the entire lifespan.

According to Erik Erikson's model of the Psychosocial Stages of Development, individuals over the age of 50 are moving into the following stage: A. Integrity vs Despair B. Intimacy vs Isolation C. Identity vs Role Confusion D. Generativity vs Stagnation

A Projective identification is clearly defined in the statement. Refer to the ego defense mechanisms. Projective identification designates a psychological process in which a person engages in the ego defense mechanism projection in such a way that their behavior towards the object of projection invokes in that person precisely the thoughts, feelings or behaviors projected. Projective identification differs from simple projection in that projective identification is a self-fulfilling prophecy, whereby a person, believing something false about another, relates to that other person in such a way that the other person alters their behavior to make the belief true.

According to ego psychology, projective identification is a concept that describes the process of: A. unconsciously perceiving other's behavior as a reflection of one's own attitudes B. consciously imitating the characteristics of a significant other C. showing another person how to develop a better self image through modeling D. associating characteristic from a significant person in the past with another person in the present

D. Poor interpersonal relationships "A" are possible diagnostic criteria for both narcissistic personality and borderline personality disorder. Fragile self esteem "B" is implied in the diagnostic criteria for narcissistic personality in speaking about a grandiose sense of self importance and the requirement for excessive admiration. It is not so obvious in borderline personality. Periodic depression "C" is clearly a symptom of borderline but not narcissistic personality disorder. The only one of the four choices seen in narcissistic but not borderline is "D'.

According to the DSM, which of the following traits is seen in narcissistic personality disorder but NOT in borderline personality disorder? A. poor interpersonal relationships B. fragile self esteem C. periodic depression D. a sense of entitlement

Countertransference

The worker's unrealistic and inappropriate feelings toward the client

B: Substitution. Telling a client what you would do not only turns the conversation away from him and his own thinking, but it closes off further communication as the authority figure "has spoken" and seemingly concluded that scenario.

Active or "reflective" listening includes the use of attending non-verbal cues (sitting forward, making good eye-contact, using content-appropriate affective expressions, etc), as well as all but one of the following: A. Clarification (Are you saying.......?) B. Substitution (What I would do is.....) C. Encouragement (Tell me more or Go on) D. Summarization (So, what I hear you saying is.......)

Delirium

Acute confusion and other cognitive deficits. It is not a disease, but rather a syndrome and caused by something outside the brain, such as an infection in the urinary tract or a reaction to benzos or anesthesia

Erickson's Stages of Development - Generativity vs. Stagnation

Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of pride and accomplishment, while failure results in feelings of being unfulfilled or worthless. Important Event - Work and Parenthood

paradoxical intent is used as a counseling technique in which the counselor intensifies the client's emotional state in order to help the client understand the irrationality of the emotional reaction.

After six marital therapy sessions with a social worker, a couple continued their destructive pattern of fighting. During the next session, the couple began yelling at each other in a loud and threatening manner. The social workers stopped them and stated "Your situation is hopeless; fight as often as you wish". This technique is known as: A. encouragement B. reframing C. prescribing a ritual D. paradoxical directive

Central Nervous System Depressants

Alcohol, most common abused drug across cultures, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepenes

C. Living in the same town as your client is not an example of a dual relationship. Several practioneers live in the same town or city as their clients. As it states in the NASW Code of Ethics, some interactions that take place with a client outside of the therapeutic context are unavoidable.

All are examples of a dual relationship EXCEPT? A. Having a sexual relationship with your client B. Befriending a client on a social media site C. Living in the same town as your client D. Accepting an invitation by your client to dine free of charge at a restaurant where the client is employed

B Experiencing physiological withdrawal is not a symptom of substance dependence, not substance abuse. Again, refer to the diagnostic criteria outlined in the diagnostic and statistical manual (DMS IV).

All of the following are DSM criteria for substance abuse except: A. recurrent substance abuse in hazardous situations and having recurrent legal problems related to substance abuse B. Experiencing physiological withdrawal symptoms C. Continued use despite social and interpersonal problems and failing to meet major obligations at work, school or home D. Not having been diagnosed with substance dependence

B This question requires test takers to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria for bulimia as outlines in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DMS IV).

All of the following are true of bulimia except? A. Men can be bulimic B. All bulimics vomit C. Some bulimics lose at least 15% of their normal body weight D. A main cause of Bulimia of the perception of thinness in today's society.

Primary Memory

Also known as short-term memory. Memory responsible for retaining small amount of information in conscious memory for a short period of time.

Mature Defense Mechanisms

Altruism Anticipation Humor Sublimation Suppression

Strategic Family Therapy

An approach to family therapy associated with Don Jackson and Jay Haley which employs such strategies as paradox in order to force changes in behavior. Important concept is meaning of symptoms and the power of the therapist

Structural Family Therapy

An approach to family therapy associated with Minuchin which emphasizes the importance of the nuclear family and seeks to change pathological alliances and splits the family. This approach also emphasizes maintaining proper roles and boundaries in the family

Pseudomutuality

An artificial closeness in some families which fosters dependence and loss of self-identity

Attachment Theory (John Bowlby)

An emotional bond to another human * Mother's that are available & responsible to infant's needs establish a sense of security. Infant feels secure, which creates base for child to explore the world.

Personality Disorder

An enduring pattern of inner experience & behavior that deviates markedly from the range, expectations of the individual's culture - Manifested in 2 or more of these areas: * Cognition (perceiving and interpreting self, others, events * Affectivity (range, intensity, lability, appropriateness of emotional response * Interpersonal functioning * Impulse Control - Pervasive & inflexible - Onset in adolescence or early adulthood - Pattern is stable and of long duration - Leads to distress and impairment

D An infant placing a ball in her mouth best fits the Piaget's Stage of Sensorimotor development.

An example of Piaget's Sensorimotor Developmental Stage would be: A. An adult learning a new computer program B. A teenager learning to drive C. A school age child finger painting D. An infant putting a ball into her mouth

Drugs Used to Treat Addiction

Antabuse - treat alcohol addiction, referred to as an Aversion Therapy Methoadone, Suboxone, Subutex - used to treat Opiod Addiction.

D: "Nonprofit" (or "not-for-profit") organization. Social service organizations tend to fail in this category, as they are organized primarily to meet the needs of individuals who have few other options or resources. Because of the structure of the organization, and its restrictions on member and employee investments, etc. certain tax benefits are permitted by the Internal Revenue Service.

An organization that is formed primarily for non-commercial purposes, and where its employees and members may not benefit personality as investors or shareholders, is referred to as a(n): A. Closely held corporations B. Charitable organizations C. Service Organizations D. Non profit organizations

Denial

Arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it doesn't exist. example, denying that your physician's diagnosis of cancer is correct and seeking a second opinion

Stimulus Control

Arranging the environment in such a way that a given response is either more or less likely

Antiparkinson Medications

Artine (trihexyhenidyl) Cogentin (benstropine mesylate) Benedryl (Trihexphenidyl) Symmetrel (Amantadine) Parlodel

Evaluating Abstract Thinking Abilities:

Asking clients how two objects are alike or how they are similar is a way to assess their abstract thinking abilities--their capacity to grasp intangibles and respond to questions that don't have right or wrong answers. Offering a proverb to decipher is another strategy. - Since this question has multiple answers and requires a level of abstract thought, it's an appropriate question to ask to assess abstract thinking ability. - If the question is concrete or has a concrete answer, it doesn't test abstract thinking abilities.

ASPIRINS ask what is the BEST (or MOST reasonable) course of action

Assess Start where the pt is at Protect Life (of the individual and community...this one is about determining/preventing danger to self and others) Informed Consent Rule Out Medical Issue Intoxicated Do Not Treat Non-Judgmental (open minded social workyness) Self-Determination

Informal Assessment System

Assessment of culturally divers clients includes knowing that many experts believe that psychological testing should be used selectively with non-white-Anglo clients. Best approach by Arthur-Thomas and Gopaul-McNicol recommended using flexible and ecologically sensitive assessment system when measuring the intelligence of culturally diverse children.

LIFE HISTORY GRID

Assessment tool used to graphically depict significant events in a client's life and the development of significant problems overtime. Allows you to organize and depict data related to various periods in a client's life.

D. Summarizing in most cases takes place at the end of an interview or session. The purpose of summarizing is to ensure that the client and the therapist mutually agree on topic discussed during the interview and to clarify any comments that could result in a misunderstanding.

At the end of an initial interview with a client, the Therapist reviews elements of the conversation in an effort to ensure that the client understands the nature of the services and the eligibility criteria for the programs that the client is interested in. The Therapist's actions are an example of: A. Clarifying B. Reframing C. Confronting D. Summarizing

Antabuse

Aversion therapy has been used successfully to treat alcohol abuse, nicotine addiction, and other maladaptive behaviors. An alcoholic who takes Antabuse and continues to drink will experience various unpleasant symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and chest pain, and may thereby be conditioned to avoid alcohol entirely. However, long-term compliance over several years is often required, and the dropout rate with Antabuse treatment is notoriously high.

Intellectualization

Avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects. example, focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness and grief

AASPIRINS

BEST type of questions Acknowledge client Assess Start where patient is Protect life intoxicated-refer rule out medical issue informed consent non judgemental stance self-determination of client

B Prejuedice. Although the other words are useful, they only describe certain qualities or behaviors arising from prejudice. This is an example of the BEST answer being selected.

Basing one's feelings, attitudes, and beliefs regarding a specific group of people upon preconceived ideas, rumors, and inferences is BEST defined as: A. bias B. prejudice C. stereotyping D. singling out

Types of psychological tests (5)

Beck Depression inventor Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory myers-briggs rorschach inkblot stanford-binet

Bed wetting

Bed-wetting is twice as common in boys than girls, and a diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis is appropriate starting at age five. bed-wetting is more common in children with ADHD

Douglas McGregor Theory Y

Belief that people are intrinsically motivated to work. Includes a great deal of participation of staff. Minimal control and direction by managment

Douglas McGregor Theory X

Belief that people were basically lazy and need considerable direction and control. Centralized and authoritarian leadership with little democratic participatin

Anxiety Agents

Benzodiazepine Beta Blockers Azapirones

Trust V Mistrust

Birth- 18 months Trust (Optimism, warmth) v Mistrust (Sense of Deprivation)

Boundary Crossings

Boundary crossings are the deviations from usual practice, as when social workers disclose facts about themselves, ask clients for advice on specific matters, or have multiple chance encounters socially. Boundary crossings are often unavoidable, especially in rural areas, are not considered unethical, and can often have positive effects, as when a therapist treats a client's fear of driving by riding along with the client in a car.

Zero-based budgeting

Budgeting method in which every program element begins the year without a budget allocation: i.e., each program element must justify its funding allocation for the current budget. Administrators consider organizational goals and the means for achieving them.

Antiparinson Side Effects

CNS: Weakness, confusion, disorientation, memory impairment, nervouness, depression, listlessness, numbness of fingers GI: consitpation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting Ophthalmic: blurred vision, dialtated pupils

Theories of Management and Motivation

Classical Theory Human Resource/Relations Theory

anti anxiety

anxiety and panic disorders Ativan, lorazepam, buspar, klonopin, clonazepam, valium, diazepam and Nana's high abuse potential

MAOI Common Side Effects

CNS: Dizziness, headache, drowsiness, sleep distruabances, weakness, fatigue, tremors Autonomic: Blurred vison, glaucoma, urinary rentenion GI: Dry mouth, constipation Other: Edema, weight gain, anogromasia, ejaculatory disturbances

Antidepressants for bipolar disorder common side effects

CNS: Fine hand tremor, drowsiness, muscular weakness, uncoordination, slurred speech, dizziness, vertigo, restlessness, confusion Autonomic: blurred vision, dry mouth GI: Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia Other: General discomfort, dehydration, thirtst, weight loss/gain, swelling of ankles/wrists

SSRI Common Side Effects

CNS: Headache, nausea, insomia, drowsiness, anxiety, tremor, fatigue, sedation, abnormal dreams, sexual dysfunction GI: Nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain, vomiting Respitory: Upper respitory tract infection, flu-like symptoms, cough

C. Nominal means "in name only" and is a level of measurement by which objects or items or merely categorized, not ranked.

Categorizing cars by color is an example of which level of measurement? A. Ordinal B. Ratio C. Nominal D. Interger

Exogenous Depression

Caused by external events or psychosocial stressors. Symptoms tends to be less severe than those of an endogenous depression

C Disclosures to an employer providing insurance coverage. There is no requirement that information be disclosed to an employer providing coverage unless the employer has previously stipulated information to be released in consenting to coverage and services.

Certain exceptions to confidentiality exist. These include: 1. mandated reporting issues; 2. subpoenas or court orders; 3. treatment continuity (cross coverage by interagency staff) and all but one of the following: A. Disclosures for insurance coverage purposes B. Disclosures at a client's written request C. Disclosure to an employer providing insurance coverage D. Disclosures regarding a child (mandated reporting, violations of the law)

Process Group- Role of Worker

Change Agent

35-65

Change in weight distribution, metabolism and sensory abilities slow, menapause women Generativity v Stagnation Post Conventional

Avoidant personality disorder

Characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. Associated with a broader avoidance pattern than social anxiety disorder.

Groupthink

Characterized by strong pressure towards uniformity; suppression of doubt and disagreement.

Bipolar I Disorder

Characterized by the following: - Manic Episode * Period of greatly elevated persistent heightened mood characterized by increased activity, energy, irritability lasting at least 1 week. * Presence of at least 3 of the following - grandiosity, insomnia, incoherent disconnected rapid successions of thoughts, difficulty in paying attention and focusing, agitation, restlessness, increase in goal-directed activity, excessive engagement in unrestrained behaviors with a high likelihood of negative outcomes. - Hypomanic Episode * Similar to manic, but lasts at least 4 consecutive days - Major Depressive Episode * Lasts at least 2 weeks * Must have 5 of the following: persistent negative mood, significant weight loss, diminished satisfaction or pleasure in all activities, chronic insomnia or hypersomnia, agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating/focusing, suicidal ideation

Substance Use Disorders

Characterized by the presence of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems. Symptoms represent four groups: impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria (tolerance and withdrawal).

Secure Attachment

Children are able to explore their environment and feel secure that their caregiver will return.

Erickson's Stages of Development - Trust vs. Mistrust

Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust. Important Event - Feeding

Erickson's Stages of Development - Initiative vs. Guilt

Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt. Important Event - Exploration

Attachment

Children with a history of abuse and neglect may struggle with attachment disorders. In particular, adopted children, especially those who may have been placed in foster care, have most likely experienced disruptions to their attachments, and may struggle to attach securely to new caregivers. As a result, they may exhibit behavioral issues and have difficulty regulating their emotions. It is important to educate caregivers about the nature of attachment and impart strategies to help these children securely attach. The more the adoptive parents learn about attachment issues, the more likely they are to find appropriate ways of intervening in her behaviors. Although the child may have inherited some biologically-based mental health issues, it's important to address the attachment issues first. Until there's stability in the child's environment, including a secure attachment to her caregivers, the child's mental health issues will be difficult to assess.

C The symptoms described fit the diagnostic criteria for Rumination Disorder. Pica is defined as a medical disorder characterized by an appetite for substances largely non-nutritive (e.g. metal (coins, etc), clay, coal, soil, feces, chalk, paper, soap, mucus, ash, gum, etc.) or an abnormal appetite for some things that may be considered foods.

Christine has been described by her mother as a "normal and healthy" child since her birth. However, one and a half months ago she began regurgitating her food then re-chewing it after every meal. She has been checked by her primary medical physician and no physiological symptoms were present, thus the referral to your practice. There are no other DSM-IV diagnostic symptoms present except those described above. What would be the MOST appropriate diagnosis? A. Enuresis B. Pica C. Rumination disorder D. Conduct Disorder

D All of the modes outlined are effective modes of communication.

Communication is broadly defined as A. Verbal expression between two or more individuals B. Body language conveying meaning between two individuals C. Written expression between two or more individuals D. All of the above

Reliability

Cronbach's Alpha- internal consistancy

A: The ability to work well with diverse groups. Quality training, wide-ranging knowledge, and the ability to recognize stereotypes, prejudices, and biases are all important contributors to cultural competence; however, only when a social worker also possesses the capacity to properly apply this information, can he or she work well with diverse populations.

Cultural competence in individual social work practice to best defined as: A. The ability to work well with diverse groups B. Receiving excellent training in diversity C. The possession of a wide ranging knowledge of many diverse groups D. The ability to recognize stereotypes, prejudiced views and biases

Partialization

Cutting down of a complex problem to such size and specificity as to make it manageable for discussion and work-over by the client at a given time

ADHD

DSM-5 divides symptoms into those of inattention and those of hyperactivity-impulsivity. To have diagnosis, children should have at least 6 inattention symptoms or 6 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms - to a degree beyond what would be expeced for children their age. Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months, observable in 2 or more settings, and not causes by another problem. Symptoms must be severe enough to cause significant difficulties. Some symptoms must be present b/f the age of 12.

Consultee- Centered

Def: Process of interaction process between two professionals: consultant and consultee Self-Perception of Consultant: Professional, Expert, Model, Resource Target Pop: Professional caregivers Motivation of client system: Anxiety, conflict, crisis Entry: Sanctioned, invited short or long term Goals: Increased skills, understanding, knowledge, objectivty, mastery of feelings, crisis resolution

Social Action Consultation

Def: Relationship btw a community and indigenous community leaders Self-perception of the consultant: Community organizer, strategist Target Pop: Indigenous community leaders Motivation of client: unmet basic human need Entry: Invited or uninvited long term Goals: Transfer of power base, fulfillment of basic human needs

Ecological Consultation

Def: Relationship btw a professional team and an ecosystem Self-perception of the consultant: Planner, Team member, Researcher Target Pop: Ecosystem (interrelated systems and sub systems) Motivation: Crisis initiated by maladaption or malfunction of social system Entry: Invited long term Goals: Awareness of system functioning, Increased coping and adaptive mechanisms

Group Process Consultation

Def: Voluntary relationship between a helper and a help-needing system Self-Perception of the Consultant: Resource, model, facilitatior, participant-observer Target Pop: Social system or sub-system Motivation of client system: Organizational Problem: Internal-external pressure, "images of potentiality" Entry: Invited or self-initiated short or long term Goals: Organizational change, Mobilization of creative resources Internal consultants

Defense Mechanisms

Defense mechanisms help people avoid uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and impulses. The closest fit here is intellectualization, which involves a "flight into reason"--a focus on solving practical problems without addressing feelings.

Schizophrenia

Described as a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental illness characterized by impairments in a person's perception or expression of reality. Must be between the age of 17-45 to diagnose with this disorder. Must of symptoms of 6 months or longer. Criterion A: Two a more of the following symptoms must be present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less successfully treated). At least one of the symptoms must be (1), (2), or (3): 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized Speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. Negative symptoms

Diminished capacity to parent

Deterioration in the relationship between parents and children following divorce. i.e., Mother and fathers spend less time with their children, are less sensitive to them, have trouble separating their needs from those of their children, and may be inconsistent but more restrictive and demanding in terms of punishment and control.

Developmentally disabled clients

Developmentally disabled clients do not typically respond well to group-therapy interactions. Since parents and/or siblings are typically caregivers for developmentally disabled clients, a family-centered approach is generally the best approach to the various challenges and interpersonal issues that arise.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety related to separation from home or attachment figures. Symptoms last for at least four weeks in children and adolescents or six months in adults. School refusals is sometimes a symptom

PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT (PIE) SYSTEM

Diagnostic taxonomy used to describe, classify, and code problems in adult social functioning. Problems are grouped into four factors:

Transference

Displacement by the client onto the worker of feelings or attitudes. They may be positive or negative

Dissociation

Disturbance or change in the normal integrative functions of memory, identity, perception, or consciousness. - Often seen in patient's with a history of trauma

Exposure Therapy

Exposure therapy involves putting clients face to face with their fears, and is typically preceded by training in relaxation.

A. The child is displaying age appropriate behavior for a 3 ½ year old - the mother's concerns are evidence that she's not aware of this. Selecting another answer would suggest that the child that the child has a legitimate behavior problem.

During an initial session with a single mother, the mother tells the social worker that her 3 ½ year old son is self centered, does not follow directions, and refuses to take the lead on chores and often needs help completing those chores. The social worker's BEST response would be to: A. educate the woman about age appropriate behavior and child development B. schedule a psychiatric evaluation for the child C. review behavior modification techniques with the mother D. provide play therapy for the child

C: According to confidentiality regulations and ethical standards involving informed consent, social workers should take steps towards protecting privacy and confidentiality when providing services to "two or more people who have a relationship with each other". Asking the opinion of a family member would violate confidentiality laws. Discussing the situation with the clients involved is a viable option, however, this question asks specifically for the social workers "next response" after reviewing the Code of Ethics. Seeking consultation from knowledgeable colleagues (for instance, in peer, group or clinical supervision) is sufficient for ensuring the actions and interventions fall within ethical guidelines.

During an initial therapy session with a client, a social worker realizes that the client recently ended a romantic relationship with another client. Neither client knows that the other is receiving services from the social worker. The social worker is unsure if providing therapy to both clients is ethical. After the social worker reviews the ethical standards, the social workers should NEXT? A. Ask the opinion of a trusted family member B. Discuss the situation with the clients involved C. Consult with knowledgeable social work colleagues D. Continue to meet with the clients

E-therapy problems

Duty to warn can be problematic in e-therapy, because the social worker can never be entirely sure of the client's real name or geographic location. It may also be hard for therapists to assess a client's potential for violence or self-harm, since the client's body language may be harder to gauge, or absent, and the vocal cues absent or more difficult to read.

Persistent Depressive Disorder Also known as ______________ Early onset vs Late onset age

Dysthymia 21 yrs

Task Oriented Group: Role of Social Workers

Enabler

Process Group- Types of activity

Engagment of group members of process of interpersonal relations

D: Dystonic and syntonic. Taking Stage 1 (trust vs. distrust) as an example, one may be naturally trusting or naturally distrusting. Regardless, one part of this stage "syntonic" (in natural accord with one's personality) and one part will be "dystonic" (not easily accommodated in one's natural personality). The "crisis" is coming to terms with both. One must learn to be appropriately trusting in key situations in order to have fulfilling and meaningful relationships. Yet one must not become so trusting as to be vulnerable to abuse in situations that should not involve immediate trust. Upon resolving the dichotomy, one will be prepared to move on to the next developmental stage.

Erikson's proposed eight psychosocial stage of development. Each stage builds, or the other, and to successfully pass through any given stage, one must encounter and overcome a "psychosocial crisis." The crisis arises between two opposing personality features—one that is in harmony with one's personality and one that is not. Erikson called these two opposing features: A. The Id and Ego B. The Yin and Yang C. Ego Positive and Ego Negative D. Dystonic and Syntonic

4 Theorists and their theories

Erikson: Psyschosocial (trust vs mistrust..) Maher: object relations (normal autism, symbiotic) Piaget: cognitive theory (sensorimotor, preoperation..) Kohlberg: Moral reasoning (preconventional, conventional...)

B Executive functioning refers to a higher order cognitive functioning. Specific examples include" organization (attention, decision-making, planning, sequencing and problem solving), and regulation (initiation of action, self-control ,and self-regulation). Lower order cognitive measures include: orientation to place, registration (recall of new learning immediately or within seconds, such as repeating words or numbers provided), recall (short-term or long-term memory), attention, and calculation.

Executive functioning broadly refers to: A. The skill and capacity of the leader to lead B. Higher order cognitive functions and capacity C. Administrative policy guidelines D. A bureaucratic leadership style.

Comorbid

Existing with or at the same time; having two different illnesses at the same time

Experimental and Quasi Experimental Design

Experimental designs randomly select clients and have control groups Quasi-Experimental- do not use random selection, however, they may or may not use "comparison" groups

FAREAFI what to do first or what to do next

Feelings Assess Refer Educate Advocate Facilitate Intervene

What to do first

Feelings- acknowledge client's feelings Assessment- collect info Refer Educate- teach skills Facilitate- use empathy, positive regard, genuineness to enable clients to make their own changes Intervene- "Therapy"

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Formerly Cognitive Disorder NOS is the correct diagnosis when there is evidence of a modest decline from a prior level of functioning in at least one cognitive domain that does not interfere with the person's independence in everyday activities )but may require greater effort, compensatory strategies, or accommodation) and does not occur exclusively in the context of Delirium.

Psychopharmacology

Four Classes of Psychotropic Medications: 1. Mood Stabilizers 2. Anti Anxiety Medications 3. Anti Depressants 4. Anti Psychotic Medications

C Cathexis refers to the attachment on mental or emotional energy to an idea.

Freud describes the concept of pain (whether physical or emotional) as arising through the psychic process of: A. repression B. introjection C. cathexis D. fixation

Freud

Freud's theory states that there are three parts to the psyche, the id, ego, and superego. Put simply, the id consists of primitive drives; the ego seeks pleasure in realistic ways and mediates between id and superego; the superego acts as moral compass. - The superego is the psyche's moral compass--our conscience. Stealing without regard to morality demonstrates a lack of superego development. - The ego operates according to the reality principle, seeking long-term benefit. Since immediate gratification is the goal here, a lack of superego development is the issue. - The id is comprised of instinctual drives, acting according to the pleasure principle--"What I want, now." This client's id is at work when he steals without thought to morality or consequences.

Intellectual Disability Global Developmental Delay Unspecified Intellectual Disability Diagnostic Criteria

GDD: under age of 5 where assessments cannot take place UID: over age of 5 where assessments cannot take place due to sensory impairments

Strategic/ Communication Family Therapy

Haley, Madanes, Wetzlawick, MRI Redundant communication patterns offer clues to family rules and dysfunction; symptoms represents strategy for controlling relationships

Opiods

Heroin, Opium, Opiate Based Medications: Oxycodone, Morphine, Codeine, Tylenol 3, Methadone, Percocet

Intellectual Disability

IDD (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) is a disorder that begins during the developmental period. It is characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive functioning.

Ego-Dystonic

Ideas, impulses, behaviors that are incompatible/unacceptable to the ego

D: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). This test was introduced in 1955 as a revised update of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale of 1939. Perhaps the next most common scale used is the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, first released in1916, which was derived from the French Binet-Simon Intelligence scale of 1905. The median score for the WAIS is 100, with a standard deviation of 15 (i.e., scores between 85 and 115), which encompasses about 68% of all adults. It is administered to individuals over the age of 16. Individuals between the ages of 6-16 may be given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC).

Identify the most commonly used intelligence measurement scale: A. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale B. Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale C. Binet Simon Intelligence Scale D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

C: Transference /countertransference conflicts. Transference (client to therapist) and countertransference (therapist to client) include emotions, reactions, defenses, desires, and feelings that come to bear on the relationship and/or the problem, whether consciously or unconsciously.

If a client has difficulty working with a particular therapist because the therapist reminds her of her father, and the therapist is struggling to work well with the client because she has strong traits reminiscent of those of his ex-spouse, the client and the therapist (respectively) are experiencing issues known as: A. Individuation / Separation conflicts B. Separation / Individuation Conflicts C. Transference / Countertransference Conflicts D. Countertransference / Transference Conflicts

C. Although self disclosure should be used on a limited basis, it provides an opportunity for workers to build rapport with clients. Receiving help or empathy from the group would be inappropriate as the worker would in essence be comprimising their professional identity and their roles as helping professionals by seeking advice or counsel from their clients.

In facilitating a support group for grieving parents, a therapist can discuss a personal experience with the death of a child to: A. create empathy with the participants B. receive help from the group C. create a sense of shared experience D. establish a role as expert on grief issues

sex offenders and treatment plans

In fact, the recidivism rate for sex offenders is lower than that for burglary, robbery, or drug crimes, most sex crimes are committed by people known to the victim, and treatment greatly reduces the rate of recidivism.

C: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program.

In 1966 the program known as "Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)"was renamed and revised to be a transitional program from welfare to work. The new name of this program is now: A. Transitional Aid to Work Program (TAW) B. Family Welfare Resource Transition (FWRT) C. Temporary Assistance for Needy Family (TANF) D. Transitional Aid for Families and Children (TAFC) program

Extinction

In Extinction a particular behavior is weakened by the consequence of not experiencing a positive condition or stopping a negative condition.

Negative Reinforcement

In Negative Reinforcement a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of stopping or avoiding a negative condition. For example: A rat is placed in a cage and immediately receives a mild electrical shock on its feet. The shock is a negative condition for the rat. The rat presses a bar and the shock stops. The rat receives another shock, presses the bar again, and again the shock stops. The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of stopping the shock.

Positive Reinforcement

In Positive Reinforcement a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of experiencing a positive condition. For example: A hungry rat presses a bar in its cage and receives food. The food is a positive condition for the hungry rat. The rat presses the bar again, and again receives food. The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of receiving food.

Punishment

In Punishment a particular behavior is weakened by the consequence of experiencing a negative condition. For example: A rat presses a bar in its cage and receives a mild electrical shock on its feet. The shock is a negative condition for the rat. The rat presses the bar again and again receives a shock. The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is weakened by the consequence of receiving a shock.

Arab Cultures

In many Arab cultures, mental health issues are described in terms of physical health. Symptoms of depression or anxiety are often reported as physical aches and pains rather than emotional ones.

Host system

In an episode of macro change, consists of the organization or unit with formally assigned responsibility for the area to be addressed by a proposed change.

Change agent system

In an episode of macro change, consists of the person who initiates the change effort plus a core planning team who initially analyze the problem, population, and arena where the change will take place.

B. The woman is your identified client, not the husband. Since it is clear that the husband does not want to engage in therapy, the therapist should address the needs of the woman as the husband does not have to be present for the woman to address her needs.

In an initial individual therapy session, a woman reports that her husband is verbally abusive. She states that her husband refuses to go to treatment because he believes they can solve their own problems. The therapist should FIRST: A. explain change will not occur unless the husband participates in treatment B. explore the woman's issues and work with her to formulate a treatment plan C. clarify the nature of the woman's commitment to the marriage D. assist the woman in understanding why the husband acts the way he does

B. Because this situation takes places during the assessment phase, collecting more information about the presenting problem is the best choice of what to do first

In an initial marriage counseling session with a social worker, a couple states that they are concerned that they have had no sexual relationships during the past two years. The social workers should FIRST: A. explore other problem areas in the marriage B. explore the reasons for the lack of sexual activity C. refer the couple to a sex therapist D. clarify their goals in treatment

A. Social workers should always address client's concerns first before a therapeutic alliance or relationship can be formed.

In establishing a therapeutic relationship with a gay / lesbian / bisexual / transgender client, the FIRST issue the worker should address is: A. the client's concerns about the therapist's values B. transference issues with the therapist C. the therapist's countertransference issues D. the client's sexual history

Sexual Masochism

Individual with this disorder use sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving the act of being humiliated, beaten, or otherwise made to suffer in order to achieve sexual arousal and climax.

D Effective change at the level noted in the question typically involves enhanced policy or legislation to align numerous interest groups and resources

In seeking to overcome problems at the community level or that affect society as a whole, the social worker is functioning as a: A. advocate B. broker C. educator / teacher D. lobbyist or politician

Brief Task-Centered model

In this approach, problem-solving actions (tasks) performed by the client between sessions are the primary means of bringing out change. SW prepares the client to carry out these actions. SW develops and explores with the client alternative ways to resolve the problem which support and activates the client's problem-solving abilities. Tasks are developed on an evaluation of obstacles to the client's problem-solving ability.

A This is a recall question in which supplying the correct answer denial, depends on remembering defense mechanisms employed by adult survivors of childhood sexual trauma.

In working with adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse, the MOST frequently encountered defense mechanism is: A. denial B. intellectualization C. devaluation D. projection

A social worker is seeing a 15 year old male client whose symptoms include: disregard

In working with someone who is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, the social worker can expect the client to exhibit the ability to: A. manipulate boundaries B. form long term relationships C. control aggressive drives D. develop insight

Substance-induced disorders

Include Substance Intoxication, Substance Withdrawal, and Substance/Medication-Induced Mental Disorders. The symptoms of the Substance/Medication-Induced Disorders depend on the type of substance or medication but all share several features - e.g., they involve a significant symptomatic presentation of a mental d/o

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Include: Intellectual Disability, Intellectual Developmental Disorder, Austism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD

6-12

Increased muscular ability and coordination, girls rate is faster than boys Latency Stage (6-12) Industry v Inferiority Concrete- Operational Stage (7-11) Conventional Level (7-13)

Normalizing

Involves placing a client's problem in a new context by defining it as expectable or predictable rather than pathological.

Double Bind

Interaction in which one person demands a response to a message containing mutually contradictory signals while the other person is unable to either to comment on the incongruity or escape from the situation. Example: a very angry parent demanding the truth from a vulnerable child

Objective measure of client commitment to goals

It's helpful for social workers to have objective data about their clients' progress or lack of progress, as well as their clients' subjective reports of their feelings and behaviors. The basic difference between objective and subjective data is that objective data are verifiable by a third party, whereas subjective data are internal. subjective is feelings and internal states objective must be observable by outside parties

Interventions of Structural Family Therapy

Joining, action preceeds understanding, change interaction patterns, enactments, unbalancing

Language Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Language abilities are substantially below those expected for age Onset of symptoms is in the early developmental period

B: Not a leading question: "Could you tell me more about..." is an open-ended, non-leading question that encourages the client to continue and share more.

Leading questions tend to stifle communication, and usually result in closed-ended ("yes" or "no" short-answer) responses. All of the following are examples of "leading questions" EXCEPT: A. "You do know.....{a certain fact}....don't you?" B. "Could you tell me more about.....{a situation}...?" C. "But sure you wouldn't want to.....{conclusion)...would you?" D. I think that......{decision}......would be best, don't you?"

A. During the sensorimotor stage, babies are learning about the world, making progress with motor skills development and are often curious about objects in the world around them.

Learning to crawl, walk, speak and about objects in the environment are tasks most closely associated with which of Piaget's stages of development? A. Sensorimotor B. Phallic C. Concrete Operational D. Toddlerhood

18-35

Leveling off of growth Maturity- to love and to work Intimacy v Isolation Post Conventional

Anti Anxiety Medications

Librium, Xanax, Valium, Klonopin, Ativan, Ritalin, Buspa. Treat ADHD, GAD, and PTSD

Object Relations

Maher

Mood Stabilizer Medications

Lithium, Depakote, Tegretol, Lamictal. Treat Bipolar Disorder

Adler Method

Maladaptive behavior comes from weaknesses in childhood understand lifestyle reorient goals and lifestyle

A: Vicarious liability. Although an agency may have liability insurance, it is usually recommended that individual social workers carry their own private coverage. Agency responsibility typically ends at the margins of the scope of the social worker's employment duties (unless agency staff knew in advance of an employee's misconduct and took no protective action). Agency liability continues even odd the premises, to the degree the employee's scope of duties extends off the premises.

Malpractice liability generally runs from an agency's Board of Directors, to the director, supervisory staff, and then to the front-line social worker. Employer and supervisor liability accrues under the legal theory of: A. Vicarious Liability B. Hierarchical Liability C. Substitute Liability D. Proxy Liability

Bipolar I disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Manic: A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary.) B. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms (for if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree and represent a noticeable change from usual behavior: -inflated self-esteem or grandiosity -decreased need for sleep (e.g., feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep). -more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking. -flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing -distractibility -increase in goal-directed activity -excessive involvement in activities that have a high potential for painful consequences C. the mood disturbance is sufficiently sever to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to necessitate hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others, or there are psychotic features D. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance **Criteria A-D constitute a manic episode. At least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder. Hypomanic: A. A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day. B. During the period of mood disturbance and increased energy and activity, three (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) have persisted, represent a noticeable change from usual behavior, and have been present to a signiicant degree

0-3

Marked Growth, teething, crawling.. Oral (0-2) Anal (2-3) Trust v Mistrust (0-1) Autonomy v Shame and Doubt (1-3) Sensorimotor Stage (1-18mo) Object permanence (18 months) Preconventional Level (0-7)

65+

Marked decrease in motor coordination, taste buds decline, organs dysfunction Ego Integrity v Despair Post Conventonal

Social Anxiety Disorder, or known as Social Phobia

Marked fear of anxiety about one or more social situations which the individual may be exposed to the scrutiny of others.

Specific Phobia

Marked fear of or anxiety about a specific object or situation, like fear of snakes, heights, or flying. The object or situation nearly always causes fear or anxiety, and the individual either avoids it or endures it with marked distress. Treated with Exposure with response prevention

Idioms

May be used to evaluate abstracting ability, which is a higher cognitive function. Proverbs may be used for this purpose.

Process Group- Role of Worker

Mediator or resource person

Intellectual Disability Severity Levels

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound. Severity level are defined on the basis of adaptive functioning. Adaptive functioning determines the level of supports required.

Structural Family Therapy

Minuchin Symptoms are rooted in the context of the family transaction patterns, and family restructuring must occure before symptoms are relieved Heirarchy, boundary, subsystem, alignment, colaition

Goals of Behavioral/Cognitive Family Therapy

Modification of behavioral consequences between persons to eliminate maladaptive behavior and symptoms

MAOI

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (antidepressant) Marplan Nardil Parnate

Amenorrhea

Most commonly diagnosed when a woman misses three or more periods in a row.

Defense Mechanism

Narcissistic Type Immature Type Neurotic Type Mature Type

Conscious Use Of Self

Necessitates a high level of self-awareness. Process of knowingly using the relationship in a manner that is a positive experience for the client

Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Speech Sound Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Onset of symptoms is in early developmental period

Communication Skills

Non-Verbal Prompt Minimal Prompts Paraphrase Reflexive Listening Accurate Empathy Summarization Ethnic Note: Convey Acceptance with/without Approval

Cluster A Personality Disorders

Odd and Eccentric schizoid paranoid schizotypal

Existential psychotherapy

Often classified as a humanistic therapy in part becuase, like humanistic therapies, it relies on the assumption that to understand a person, we must understand that person's subjective experience. The existential therapies share an emphasis on the human condition of depersonalization, loneliness, and isolation and the assumption that people are not static, but instead, are in a constant state of "becoming."

Freud's stages of Psychosexual Development

Oral: 0-2: Feeding and weaning Anal: 2-3: Toilet Training Phallic: 3-6: Genital Manipulation Latent: 6-Puberty: Sex drives repressed Genital: puberty-adulthood: Puberty

Difference between Other Specified and Unspecified Disorders

Other specified: clinician can communicate the specific reason that the client does not meet the criteria for any specific category within a diagnostic class. (ex: depressive symptoms lasting 4 weeks but symptomology falls short of diagnostic threshold for major depressive episode). Unspecified disorder: when clinician chooses not to specify the reason that the criteria are not met for a specific disorder

Hallucinogens

PCP, Ecstasy, Special K, Ketamine, LSD, Psilocybin, Mushrooms

Behaviorist cognitive humanistic social/situational

Pavlov, skinner Piaget maslow bandura

Interventions of Strategic/Communication Family Therapy

Paradoxical interventions, prescribing the symptom, therapeutic double binds, directives, pretend techniques, relabeling

Tips for parents and tv

Parents often do not monitor what their children are viewing on television or video games and it can lead to serious behavioral issues. Young children cannot tell the difference between reality and fantasy. It is important to address this with parents so they can help promote healthy development. It is important to explain to the child's mother that his behaviors are not likely to improve unless his exposure to violence is decreased.

Behavioral/Cognitive Family Therapy

Patterson, Stuart, Liberman Personal functioning is determined by the reciprocal interaction of behavior and is controlling social conditions

Suicidality

People who fantasize about suicide in order to get even with others can benefit from learning how to be assertive with the people in their lives. It may also be valuable for this client to learn problem-solving skills to help her cope with her feelings. - This client would most likely benefit from learning assertiveness skills to empower her. Problem-solving skills could help her identify new ways to deal with her feelings. Suicide is a persistent issue for African-American youth, males in particular. Many African-Americans condemn suicide on religious grounds and view it as something only non-African-Americans do. While education in this area can be helpful, interventions that focus on the self-destructive behaviors that can lead to suicide, rather than the suicide risk itself, are more likely to find support among African-American families.

Schizoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder are closely related

People with either disorder tend to avoid close relationships and express little emotion, but people with schizotypal personality disorder display odd or irrational thought processes, such as believing in telepathy or magical powers. - People with schizotypal personality disorder do not enjoy close relationships. - Schizoid personality disorder does not include hallucinations or delusions. - Schizotypal personality disorder is differentiated from schizoid personality disorder on the basis of a person's connection with day-to-day reality. People with schizotypal personality disorder display bizarre beliefs and odd behavior.

Pedophilia

People with urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve illegal sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 years of younger).

MASLOWS Hierarchy of needs

Physiological, safety, love/belonging. esteem, self-actualization

Constructivism

Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Suggests that individuals actively build knowledge from elements provided by maturation and experience.

Projection

Placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else. example, when losing an argument, you state "You're just Stupid"

C. In most cases, privileged communication is defined as communication that takes between a client and a: a) priest and b) attorney. Attorneys and priests are not subject to the same rules and regulations regarding disclosure of confidential information however, some states allow social workers to be included under the guidelines of privileged communication. In cases such as this, social workers can contest subpoenas for clients records, information, etc.

Practicing in a state that grants social workers privileged communication status means that the social workers can: A. share confidential information with other clinics B. refuse to accept a subpoena for a client's records C. contest a request for confidential information D. ignore a client's request for recorded information

Kohlberg Stages Preconventional Stage

Preconventional Stage 1. obedience/punishment 2. conforms to rules to receive rewards

Brief Psychotic Disorder Diagnostic Criteria

Presence of one (or more) of the following symptoms. At least one of these must be 1, 2, or 3. 1. delusions 2. hallucinations 3. disorganized speech 4. grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior -duration of an episode of he disturbance is at least 1 day but less than 1 month with eventual full return to premorbid level o functioning -disturbance is not better explained by mdd or bipolar disorder or other psychotic disorder like schizophrenia or catatonia.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Protection for classes of people: Race, national origin, gender..

ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES

Provides social, medical, legal, residential, custodial, and other services for adults who are unable to provide care for themselves and have no friends, family, etc. who can provide the care.

Older clients

Reality orientation is not helpful for clients with advanced dementia, and antipsychotic drugs should only be used in older clients as a last resort. The best response is to engage the client on her level by letting her talk about her husband. Antipsychotics were not developed for dementia patients, and some have been shown to elevate the risk of stroke in older people. Since the hallucination did not frighten the client or result in dangerous behavior, there is no reason to put her on antipsychotic medication. One of the guiding principles of social work is to "start where the client is." In this case, the client is clearly thinking about her husband, and the social worker can best support her by allowing her to talk freely. Reality orientation is not recommended for people with dementia because each time they are reminded of an unpleasant reality, they grieve as if they were hearing it for the first time. Changing the subject doesn't give the client a chance to talk about her late husband, a topic that is clearly important to her.

Panic Disorders

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks with at least one attack being followed by at least one month of persistent concern about having other attacks or about their consequences and or a significant maladaptive change in behavior that is related to the attacks. Cognitive behavioral interventions that incorporate exposure are best forms of treatment.

Anxiety Medications

Referred as Benzodiazepines: Librium, Klonopin, Valium, Xanax, Ativan

Dynamic Equilibrium

Refers to interplay of forces in an open system which may give the appearance of being at rest, but is forever changing Ex: Family System

PEER REVIEW

Refers to the formal evaluation of a professional's actions or competence by a group of professional colleagues. Is used primarily for the purposes of quality assurance. Most commonly involves examining the professional's records and evaluating his/her treatment plan, methods, and outcome in terms of the needs of the client.

Transvestic Fetishism

Refers to the practice by heterosexual males of dressing in female clothes to produce or enhance sexual arousal.

Interventions of Behavioral/Cognitive Family Therapy

Reinforcement of desired behaviors, skills training, contingency contracting, positive reciprocity between marital partners, parents and children

Complementary

Relational form denoting a complementary functioning together such as dominant submission pattern. These functional roles are not always healthy

Contingency

Relationship, usually casual, between two events in which one is usually followed by another

Goals of Experiential Family Therapy

Relieve family pain, genuineness, learning to express one's sense of being

Anamnesis

Remembering past events. A clients medical or psychiatric history Process of memory

Medication resistant to schizophrenia

Research has shown that white Europeans with schizophrenia are nearly twice as likely to be treatment-resistant--unresponsive to antipsychotic drugs--than non-white Europeans. In general, schizophrenia in white Europeans has a longer duration than in other ethnicities.

Asian Americans

Research on Asian-American immigrants and their children shows that while Asian-Americans have lower rates of mental illness than Caucasians, they are less likely to seek treatment, which can pose a challenge for social workers in the community. Of particular concern is domestic violence among recent immigrants, whose efforts to adapt and find employment often challenge traditional gender roles (especially when wives have to work outside the home) and may lead to violent disputes over household duties.

Middle age (40-60)

Research on middle age has challenged stereotypes about midlife crises, menopausal distress, the empty-nest syndrome, and cognitive decline. Not all men go through midlife crises, not all women experience menopause as a time of high stress, the empty nest is often experienced as liberating, and cognitive functioning is typically higher in middle age than young adulthood. The typical stress of middle age is "overload"--juggling the demands of work and family--to which women in midlife are especially vulnerable.

Regression

Returning to a previous stage of development (e.g., sitting in a corner and crying after hearing bad news; throwing a temper tantrum when you don't get your way)

antidepressants

SSRIS: celexa, lexapro, Luvox, paxil, prozac, Zoloft, Slavic, Effexor, trazodone, bupropion

Experiental Family Therapy

Satir Self concept, Communication, Family Rules, Growth of Self

Time difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform

Schizophreniform: 1-6 months Schizophrenia: longer than 6 months

Interventions of Experiential Family Therapy

Sculpting, Acceptance, Communication skills, self discovery and disclosure from therapist

D. Interventions such as this fall under the empowerment model of community organizing. Social workers are ethically responsible for assisting underrepresented and disenfranchised groups and populations with advocating for their rights and empowering them to seek social change. This responsibility is intrinsic within the social work core value of social justice.

Several clients who have physical disabilities attend a social worker's life skills class. The clients express frustrations about voting in elections because they have heard polling places are not handicapped accessible. After determining that the clients' concerns are valid, the social worker should: A. obtain legal advice relating to the clients' concerns B. obtain absentee ballots for the clients to complete during class C. respect the clients' rights to refrain from voting in the election D. empower the clients to educate local officials on the needs of voters with disabilities

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Severe and unusual disorder in children. A failure to form normal attachments with caregivers. Inhibited type shoes an extreme lack of attachment. Disinhibited type shows extreme attachment to everyone including strangers

Special Population: Sex Offenders

Sex offender treatment often requires a specialized approach that aims to protect the community from additional antisocial acts. Sex offenders are often mandated by the legal system or child protective system to receive treatment. Denial is very common. A group approach to treatment is often effective at challenging the denial and helping clients learn new skills to prevent them from reoffending. - In treating sex offenders, little emphasis is placed on the therapeutic relationship. Many sex offenders use relationships for their own gain, not to develop healthy connections. - Non-directive and supportive counseling doesn't tend to be effective with sex offenders. Clients may never acknowledge their behavior or choose to work on difficult issues. More directive work in groups is the preferred approach. - Group therapy is usually the preferred treatment method with sex offenders. Group members can typically hold one another accountable and address denial better than a social worker can in a one-on-one situation.

Goals of Humanistic Family Therapy

Simutaneous sense of togetherness and healthy separation, Interpersonal competence

Vegetative Symptoms

Sleep Disturbances, changes in appetite or weight, loss of energy or frequent fatigue, changes in sexual function

Social Goals Model: Task Oriented Group Purpose

Social Consciousness and social responsibilty

Social Work Supervisory positions

Social Work Supervisory positions - Administrative: focuses on how the agency's policies and organizational structure impact a social worker's performance. Reviews how an agency's policies and the agency's organizational structure impact a social worker's job. - Educational: discussing a social worker's treatment interventions - Supportive: reducing a social worker's job stress Clinical supervisors have the responsibility to offer recommendations to a supervisee that encourage ethical conduct. If a supervisor is negligent or does not make appropriate recommendations, the supervisor can be held liable. - A supervisor can be held liable if supervision is deemed inadequate or inappropriate. - A clinical supervisor doesn't need to be the agency supervisor in order to be held liable. - Even if a clinical supervisor doesn't have direct client contact, the supervisor can be held liable for improper supervision. - Supervisors can be held liable by a client, an agency or by the supervisee.

Process Group- Theory Base

Social role theory, cognitive behavioral theory, group dynamics

Charts

Social workers should keep inactive files safely locked away for the duration required by state law, at minimum. Records should be inaccessible to reception staff, other social workers, and other office personnel. When a social worker is in private practice, it's appropriate to keep inactive files locked up, inaccessible to other office staff.

Transgender Clients

Social workers working with transgender teenagers and their families should provide support to both the teenager and the family, helping them evaluate the pros and cons of making a social transition to the other gender, and leaving the final decision to the teenager. - Many transgendered teenagers make successful social transitions before adulthood. - Since the decision is ultimately the teenager's, the social worker's role is to educate the teenager and the family about the benefits and risks of making the transition. - Although it may increase conflict, the social worker shouldn't automatically discourage this teen from making the social change, which could have benefits as well. - The social worker should not simply begin to work with the teen on transitioning without first discussing the pros and cons of transitioning with the teen and family.

BPD

Splitting is a common feature of borderline personality disorder. Often, people with BPD see others as either all good or all bad. The social worker should recommend that the client talk to the group leader directly about her concerns; indirect communication is not likely to be helpful.

Family Life Cycle

Stage 1: Adult separates from the family of origin Stage 2: Two adults establish a couple relationship (marriage, union, cohabitation) Stage 3:Children Stage 4: Children become adolescents and begin the separation process; parents begin to refocus on their relationship Stage 5:Children leave home and cuple deal with midlife issues and aging Stage 6: Couple adjusts to aging and end of life issues

Relapse/Termination

Stages of Change - Client experience substance use or mental health relapses. Providers should be prepared for this and seek to retain client in care and educate them about risk reduction techniques.

Contemplation

Stages of Change - Individuals are willing to consider the possibility that their behavior is unhealthy. People who are contemplating change are often highly ambivalent. They are on the fence.

Preparation

Stages of Change - Individuals have made a conscience decision to address the impact of their behaviors. Some ambivalence may still exists, it is no longer a barrier to addressing maladaptive behaviors.

Action

Stages of Change - Individuals put their behavior change plan into action. Represents early recovery. Early recovery is defined as at least one year of sobriety. Patients engage with their providers and support system to initiate behavior change and access much needed services.

Maintenance

Stages of Change - Patients have a recovery network and have engaged with community programs that support recovery such as NA and AA. Patients are in the process of "maintaining" their sobriety or they are engaged in mental health or HIV related treatment.

Skinner's operant conditioning theory

States that people's behaviors are shaped by either reinforcement or punishment - Negative reinforcement: the removal of a negative condition or adverse stimulus, creating a sense of relief, which strengths behavior. Rewarding the behavior is not a negative reinforcement. - Positive reinforcement: when a behavior is rewarded. - Classical conditioning: pairing a neutral stimulus with a behavior. PAVLOV

C Price gouging (charging exorbitant rates for clients who are well off) is never acceptable

The NASW Code of Ethics states that a client's ability to pay should be considered in setting fees. This means that a social worker may do all of the following EXCEPT A. Decrease fees for needy persons already receiving services B. Refer a client to a potential public program prior to beginning services C. Liberally increase fees for a client who is well off D. Produce a sliding fee scale rate that sets reasonable rates in advance.

Advocacy and NASW

The NASW Code of Ethics states that social workers should engage in social and political action that ensures equal access to resources, and advocate for changes in policy and legislation. - restrictive or unequal laws must be fought against -Whenever possible, social workers should seek to change discriminatory laws.

Adjustment Disorders

The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to one or more psychosocial stressors within three months of the onset of the stressors. Symptoms must cause marked distress that is not proportional to the severity of the stressor and/or significant impairment in functioning; and once the stressor or its consequences have terminated, symptoms must remit within six months.

Ego

The ego develops at about six months of age because of the id's inability to gratify all of its needs. The ego's primary task is to mediate the often conflicting demands of the id and reality and after developed, the superego.

Gender Dysphoria

The essential feature of the d/o is a marked incongruence between one's assigned gender at birth and one's experienced or expressed gender, but the specific symptoms differ somewhat. in adolescents and adults, symptoms may include a strong desire to be treated as the opposite gender and a strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the opposite gender.

JAFFEE V. REDMOND (1986)

The family of a deceased individual who was killed by a police officer attempted in a civil suit to obtain information from the police officer's therapist, who was a licensed social worker but not a licensed psychologist or psychiatrist. This went to the Supreme Court, which sided with the social worker, stating that legislation that creates privilege for licensed psychotherapists extends to licensed psychotherapists other than psychologists and psychiatrists.

Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act, Buckley Amendment

The gives parents and students age 18 or over the right to inspect their children's or their own educational records.

Informed consent

The giving of permission by a client to a social worker and agency to use a specific intervention, including diagnosis, intervention, follow-up, and research. Intended to protect clients by guaranteeing their privacy, safety, and freedom.

Id

The id is present at birth and consists of the life and death instincts, which are the source of all psychic energy.

Gestalt Therapy

The natural course of a biological and psychological development of the organism, entails a full awareness of physical sensations and psychological needs. Concerned primarily with perceptual processes

Ego-Syntonic

The person's characteristics are compatible with the person's self-image and therefore are not easily seen as problems. The person's ideas or impulses are acceptibility to the ego and compatible with the ego's principles

D Termination. This process can be undertaken for many reasons: 1. when mutually agreed upon goals have been met; 2. when a client must move on; 3. following client / therapist conflicts; 4. upon referral to a specialist; and 5. because of finance / insurance changes. Effort should be made for this to be a positive experience.

The process by which a client and a therapist review past goals, summarize progress made and finalize plans to maintain and continue past progress is called: A. Closure B. Wrap Up C. Finalization D. Termination

C: Changes in policy and law that led to the release of many mental health patients who would have otherwise remained in institutional settings, involuntary hospital commitment (i.e., in an asylum) became increasingly common up to the 1950s. However the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 began to reverse this trend, as did the 1999 US Supreme Court ruling in Olmstead vs. L.C. in 1970 there were 413,066 beds in state and county mental hospitals, which fell to 119,033 by 1988, and to 63,526 by 1998. This era has since come to be called the era of "deinstitutionalization." Sometimes overdone, issues of homelessness among the mentally ill and "re-institutionalization" in the prison have been noted.

The term "deinstitutionalization" refers to: A. Helping a client accommodate to a community living environment after having been institutionalized for an extended period B. Creating a treatment program that serves the needs of the client, as opposed to the needs of the institution C. Changes in policy and law that led to the release of many mental health patients who would have otherwise remained in institutional settings D. A philosophy of client therapist collaboration in treatment, as opposed to hierarchical therapist driven treatment

C The Kubler-Ross Stages of Grief are: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance. Erickson, Skinner and Roberts' theories do not focus on grief and loss.

The theory that purports that there are 5 distinct stages to grieving belongs to: A. Erickson B. Roberts C. Kubler - Ross D. Skinner

B: the government continues paying (but hopes the service will become cheaper to provide). Privatization is undertaken in the hope that the service will be provided less expensively via the private sector, but the government remains the service payer. Issues of accountability sometimes arise once privatization occurs.

The transfer of services once performed by the government to private entity providers is known as "privatization." Under these circumstances, the pay sources become: A. The private institution that assumes the service provider role B. The government continues paying C. Philanthropic organizations that can afford to pay D. Personal contributions.

Classical or "Pavlovian" Conditioning

Theory - Classical Conditioning is the type of learning made famous by Pavlov's experiments with dogs. Pavlov presented dogs with food, and measured their salivary response. Then he began ringing a bell just before presenting the food. At first, the dogs did not begin salivating until the food was presented. After a while, however, the dogs began to salivate when the sound of the bell was presented. They learned to associate the sound of the bell with the presentation of the food.

B: The "addictive" category. The ordinal category is used when a hierarchical arrangements exists, but the distance between each position is not necessarily equal (e.g., first, second, third runners in race). The interval category can only be used when both a hierarchical and a equal-distant relationship between positions exists (e.g., a 1-10 scale). The ratio category is an interval scale with an absolute zero (a score of five is exactly one half of ten etc.).

There are four categories of measurement. One is called the "nominal" category. Nominal measurements are used when two or more "named" variables exist (e.g., male/female, high/medium/low, etc.). All of the following are also categories or measurement, except for one. Identify the erroneous entry. A. Interval B. Additive C. Ordinal D. Ratio

Pre-contemplation

They may not see their behavior as a problem, or they think that others who point out the problem are exaggerating. They often are in denial about the consequences of their behavior. Denial is very common at this stage.

Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)

This category means that the patient presents with a symptom pattern that conforms to the general guidelines for a mental disorder but the symptoms do not meat all of the criteria for any of the specific disorders

Freud's Structural (Drive) Theory

This conceptualizes the personality with three structures - id, ego, and superego

Superego

This emerges between 4 and 5 years of age. Represents internalization of society's values and standards as taught to the child by his/her parents through their rewards and punishments. The ego postpones gratification of the id's instincts, the superego tries to permanently block the id's socially unacceptable drives.

TARASOFF V. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (1976)

This was a wrongful death suit brought against an outpatient clinic associated with the university hospital. During a counseling session, a client threatened to murder an individual by the name of Ms. Tarasoff. The police determined he was not a threat, and both the supervisor and the supervisor's supervisor agreed not to involuntarily admit him. Two months later, the client murdered Ms. Tarasoff. The court concluded that the supervisor's supervisor was liable because he had direct knowledge and ultimate control of the case and because of this direct knowledge, he assumed a duty to warn Ms. Tarasoff of the potential danger just as if he were the primary therapist.

Structural Theory (Freud)

Three internal structures guide personality functioning (Id, Ego, Super Ego)

Reciprocal Model: Process Group- Purpose

To achieve a mutual aid system, initially no specific goals

Remedial Model: Process Group- Purpose

To remedy social dysfunctioning by specific behavioral change

Anti Depressants Medications

Treat MDD and Adjustment d/o. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): Prozac, Luvox, Zoloft (causes sexual dysfunction in men), Paxil, Lexapro, Celexa

Anti Psychotic Medications

Treat psychotic d/o including schizophrenia Atypical: Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroquel, Geodon, Invega, Santris, Abilify Typical: Thorazine, Haldol

C: Cognitive Behavioral therapy.

Treatment concepts and techniques such as clarification (feedback and illumination of misconceptions), explanation (education regarding misconceptions, thought "triggers" and secondary thoughts, beliefs, and actions), interpretation (insight development), paradoxical direction (having the client engage or continue behaviors needing correction to enhance awareness and induce a sense of control), reflection (reviewing), and writing (diagramming misconceptions and analyzing thoughts, etc), are all associated with: A. Gestalt Therapy B. Psychoanalytic Therapy C. Cognitive Therapy D. Task Centered Therapy

A: Behavioral therapy, as formulated by John Watson and Ivan Pavlov (classical conditioning) and B.F. Skinner (operant conditioning). Additional therapist work is done in analyzing client tally sheets, charts, journal entries, etc. in search of patterns and insights that would assist in refining insights in to behavioral antecedents, and improving selected reinforcers and consequences. Collateral work must also be done regarding client-therapist contract revision and consequences for contract agreement violation, etc.

Treatment concepts and techniques such as identification of target behaviors, antecedents, reinforcers (positive and negative), consequences, etc, along with tracking mechanisms (tally sheets, charts etc), journal-keeping regarding specific occurrences (when, where, with whom, etc), and related feelings (including intensity, frequency, etc) are all associated with: A. Behavioral Therapy B. Gestalt Therapy C. Psychoanalytic Therapy D. Cognitive Therapy

Narcissistic Defenses

Unconscious Projection Denial Distortion

HIPPA and Lawsuits

Under HIPAA, a therapist's psychotherapy notes are excluded from the provision that clients have the right to all their health information; but such notes do not include counseling start and stop times, notes on diagnosis, treatment modalities, symptoms, prognosis, and progress to date, all of which the client is entitled to see and copy. When needed to defend a lawsuit, psychotherapy notes may be disclosed without a client's consent. error

Process Group- Types of activities

Use of direct and indirect means of influence, including extra-group means

Interventions of Humanistic Family Therapy

Use of self, modeling, confrontation, cotherapy

Psychodynamic Approach

Visiting past experiences

Children IQ Test

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or Stanford-Benet

D: Partialization. For example, "Well, if we take these things one at a time, maybe we can start with..."

When a client seems overwhelmed or uncertain how to share further, it can help to break down the concerns at hand into smaller, more manageable parts. This communication technique is known as: A. fragmentation B. Sequestration C. Downsizing D. Partialization

Humanistic Family Therapy

Whitaker Growth as an interpersonal process, therapy as an encounter

Task Oriented Group: Types of activity

Wide range of activities and tasks, including those of community organization

Frotteurism

With this condition, the focus of the person's sexual urges is related to touching or rubbing their genitals against the body of a non-consenting, unfamiliar person.

C: reaction formation. A reaction formation is a defense mechanism in which unacceptable emotions and impulses are controlled (or by which control is at least attempted) by exaggeration of the directly opposing tendency. Another example would be treating you very much dislike in an overly friendly manner. Or a woman professes profound hatred for a man who left her in order to cope with the pain he caused when he dismissed her deep love for him. In this way, you attempt to both hide and cope with your true feelings.

You have a client experiencing significant cognitive dissonance. She considers herself as a very principled person, and holds herself to very high standards of conduct. She very openly condemns drinking, gambling, and other "vices", yet she reveals that she has long struggled with a desire to gamble. Her very vigorous denunciations of gambling, even while harboring a desire herself, constitute the application of what defense mechanism? A. Projection B. Rationalization C. Reaction Formation D. Substitution

B Revise the meeting to cover only basic issues until better arrangements can be made. Proceeding with the interview in spite of the obvious language barrier could hinder the collection of thorough clinical information. Abruptly terminating the meeting can lead to the client feeling rejected or upset.

You meet a client and discover that she has limited English speaking skills. You have some ability to speak her primary language but you are not fluent. At this point, you should: A. Terminate the meeting immediately until you can arrange for her to meet with a social worker who speaks her native language B. Revise the meeting to cover only very basic issues until other arrangements can be made C. Delay the meeting until you can find an interpreter to translate before continuing D. Attempt to interview her in her own language

Erickson's Stages of Development - Intimacy vs. Isolation

Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation. Important Event - Relationships

Cluster C

anxious and fearful avoidant, dependent and obsessive compulsive Cluster C--the "fearful" cluster--includes dependent, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant personality disorder

Folie à deux

a psychotic disorder, refers to a shared delusion, not a reaction to a real event.

Reaction Formation

client adopts attitudes or engages in behaviors that are opposite of his or her unconscious beliefs

Solution focused therapy

a short-term practice aimed at making concrete changes.

13-18

ability to understand abstract ideas, higher math concepts, develop moral philosophies, including rights and privileges and move toward a more mature sense of themselves and their purpose challenges authority, concerned about appearance

contemplation

ambivalence, conflicted emotion

sexual development

age 2- know their own gender age 5/6- modest and private about dressing and bathing, aware of marriage, age 8-12- sex play occurs because of curiosity become more self-conscious and often feel uncomfortable dressing in front of others masturbation increase, questions about sex age 12/13- dating, making out occurs age 13-19- increase increase in romantic and sexual relationships, most have sex by 20 adult: 50 menopause, by 25 mens testicles slow testosterone production

Piaget's Preoperational Thought Stage

age 2-7 engage in symbolic play and manipulate symbols

older adults

age 65-79 encourage person to talk about feelings of loss, grief and achievements -provide info, materials, to make med use and home safe - support for coping with any impairments - encourage social activity with peers as a volunteer and so on

young adults

ages 21-39 support person in making health care decisions encourage healthy and safe habits at work and home recognize commitments to family, career and community (time and $)

Cognitive restructuring

an aspect of cognitive therapy--involves replacing overly negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts. It can help people with a variety of conditions, including anxiety and depression.

Antimanic agnets (mood stabilizers)

bipolar depakote, lamictal, lithium, topamax, small diff b/w therapeutic and toxic levels

DBT used for

bipolar disorder Teaches mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness and emotion regulation,

Psychosexual Development, Oral Stage

birth to 1 year. Focus of sensation and stimulation is the mouth, tongue, and lips. Newly emerging ego directs the baby's sucking activities toward the breast of bottle to satisfy hunger and obtain pleasant stimulation. The primary source of conflict is weaning.

Catatonia associated with another mental disorder Diagnostic Criteria

clinical picture is dominated by 3 or more of the following symptoms 1.stupor (no psychomotor activity, not actively relating to environment) 2 catelpsy (passive induction of a posture held against gravity) 3. waxy flexibility (slight, even resistance to positioning by examiner) 4. mutism 5. negativism (oppostion or no response) 6. posturing 7. mannerism 8. stereotype (repetetive, abnormally frequent) 9.agitation 10. grimacing 11. echolalia 12. echopraxia

Theory of Sullivan

cognitive factors played a role in development. He proposed that maladaptive behavior stems from parataxic distortions which involve the client's inability to perceive a person in the present, instead they are conceived of as a significant person from the past.

heroin

contracted pupils, no response of pupils to light. needle marks, sleeping at unusual times, sweating, vomiting, coughing, sniffing, twitching, loss of appetite

Narrative theory

deals with the stories people tell about themselves, a process assumed to begin in adolescence. Narrative theory, the basis for narrative therapy, assumes people form an identity by creating an evolving story of the self, starting in adolescence.

Difference between delirium and dementia

delirium: medical condition resulting in confusion and disruptions of thinking, changes in perception dementia: changes in memory are slowly evident

stages of grief

denial- shock with feeling replaced by not happening anger- someone or something to blame bargaining: negotiate with ones self or higher power to attempt to change what occurred depression: sadness and loneliness reflect on loss acceptance: at peace with what happened

Interpersonal therapy used for

depression focuses on relationships/events that affect mood

CBT used for

depression focuses on changing clients thoughts

Psychomotor retardation

describes a person moving and speaking very slowly.

agoraphobia

diagnosed when client's experience intense fear of being in situations from which escape might be difficult.

Illness anxiety disorder

disorder involves preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness and is more. IBS is more likely to be found in people who suffer from GAD.

Social (pragmatic) communication

disorder is diagnosed when speech difficulties are specific to certain situations--not following the rules for conversation and storytelling, for example.

Beck's theory of depression

emphasizes the effects of peer rejection, parental criticism, loss of a parent, and other negative events of childhood.

Cluster B

dramatic emotional and erratic antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, histrionic Cluster B--the "dramatic" cluster--includes borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, and antisocial personality disorder

Erik Erikson,

ego strengths are qualities that animate people during the eight stages of life. The Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths (PIES) was developed as a self-report measure of Erikson's eight ego strengths.

relapse

feelings of frustration and failure

Adolescent depression

has some features similar to adult depression, but adolescents sometimes complain more of being "bored" than sad, and may present as more irritable than sad. Many of the symptoms of depression can mimic other disorders, such as ADHD. However, this scenario describes a child who has lost interest in spending time with friends, which would be more indicative of a low-grade depression. Since his symptoms have lasted over a two years, he meets the criteria for persistent depressive disorder.

ACT therapy

helps clients learn how to accept uncomfortable emotions, identify values, and take value-directed action.

Interpersonal therapy

in which the therapist engages the client on a deep emotional level, is typically used in treating depression.

Aphasia

inability to comprehend and formulate language

Prosopagnosia

inability to recognize familiar faces

Agnosia

inability to recognize familiar objects

Common anti-anxiety medications

include Klonopin, Ativan, Xanax, and Buspar.

Risk factors for domestic homicide against women

include the woman's attempts to break off the relationship, the abuser's drug use, lack of education, and/or unemployment, the woman's failure to report prior assaults, and having a child in the home who is not the partner's biological offspring. However, the period of greatest risk, for both battering and homicide, is during pregnancy or shortly after giving birth.

An effective case presentation

includes a demographic description of the client, the presenting problem, the goal of treatment, any legal, ethical, or safety issues, the treatment plan, the interventions being employed, what stage of treatment the client is in, and the provisional diagnosis--which is always subject to change. - The client's final diagnosis is liable to change during the treatment, as symptoms change. - It's critical to address any legal or ethical issues involved in the treatment. - Defining the goals of the treatment, including what constitutes a successful outcome, is part of any case presentation.

The willingness of sexually abused children and adolescents to reveal the abuse depends on several factors

including the duration of the sexually abusive relationship, the degree of coercion involved, the number of instances of abuse, and, chiefly, the closeness of the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim.

Strategic family therapy

initiates what happens during therapy, designs a specific approach for each person's presenting problem and takes responsibility for directly influencing people.

Partializing

is a way to help clients break down a lot of information into smaller units. By breaking down lots of problems into smaller steps, social workers can assist clients with developing strategies to address them one at a time. Partializing would help the client determine which problem to begin addressing

Acute Stress disorder

is diagnosed after a perceived life or injury-threatening event.

Cyclothymia

is diagnosed when a person experiences hypomania and mild depression.

A language disorder

is diagnosed when people have difficulty with "acquisition and use of language...due to deficits in comprehension or production" and are below expected age level.

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

low-grade depression, loss of interest in usual activities, decreased grades, and irritability, all point to a diagnosis of

Theory of Karen Horney

maladaptive behavior as the result of anxiety directly resulting from a child's interpersonal relationships

sublimation

maladaptive feelings or behaviors that are diverted into socially acceptable ones anger/violence-->boxing

Substance Use DSM Specifiers

mild: 2-3 symptoms moderate: 4-5 symptoms severe: 6 or more symptoms

Antidepressants fomr Biploar disorder

mood stablizers: 1. Lithium 2. Depakote (Anti convulsant) 3. Tegretol (Anti convulsant) 4. Lamictal 5. Trileptal 6. Topomax 7. Neurotonin

Cluster A

odd and eccentric schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal Cluster A--the "eccentric" cluster--includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorder;

Differences between ADHD/Oppositional defiant disorder/intermittent explosive disorder

oppositional defiant disorder: resist conforming to others' demands, characterized by negativity, hostility and defiance. Different from ADHD where ADHD finds difficulty in sustaining mental effort, forgets instructions. Intermittent: share high levels of impulsive behavior with ADHD but Intermittent show serious aggression towards others whereas ADHD doesn't. Intermittent does not show difficulty in sustaining attention.

psychosexual stages of development

oral: birth-12 sucking anal: age 2 bowl move's phallic: 3-5 genitals latency: 5- puberty: sexuality genital: begins at puberty: the genitals: sexual urges

Addiction

physiological- normal life continures

interpretation

puling together patterns of behavior to get a new understanding

interpretation

pulling together patterns of behavior to get a new understanding

Carl Rogers' theory of self-actualization

posits the lasting effects of conditional vs. unconditional love during childhood.

stages of change

pre contemplation: clit is unaware, unable and or unwilling to change contemplation: ambivalent or uncertain regarding behavior change, behaviors unpredictable

Chemical Dependence

psychological (pot and Lsd) lifestyle, the need for drugs replaces the need for people. Having drugs available becomes a preoccupation

Institutional social services

social services provided by public service systems that administer such benefits as financial assistance, housing programs, health care, or education.

A. Any relationship that takes place directly with a client outside of the therapeutic context where there's a potential for harm or exploitation is defined as dual relationship. Furthermore, social workers are prohibited, according to the NASW Code of Ethics, from engaging in sexual relationships with clients. The social worker has an obligation to FIRST, address this situation with their colleague (when feasible). If the colleague persists with the relationship, the social would then take the issue to a higher authority.

social worker at a mental health center overhears another social worker agreeing to meet a recently terminated outpatient client later that night to go dancing at a local bar. The social worker in this situation should FIRST: A. meet with the co-worker to voice concerns about the behavior with the client B. contact the licensing board to receive clarification about the incident C. meet with the clinical supervisor to report the co-worker's behavior D. ask if you can join them as you see their relationship as being harmless

Treatment Priorities

social workers ideally collaborate with clients, their families, and/or legal services to determine a hierarchy of problems and concerns. If clients present with multiple problems, task-centered therapy usually deals with no more than three at a time, to avoid loss of focus and direction. When clients are involuntary, and appear resistant to change, the best approach is to focus on the problem for which the client was mandated.

reframing and relabeling

stating the problem in a different way so a cat can see possible solutions

action

taking direct action toward achieving a goal

Approaches to treating addiction

the medical model, which regards substance abuse as a disease; the psychodynamic model, which emphasizes the abuser's internal conflicts that need to be resolved to eliminate the self-medicating behavior; the moral model, which considers drug abuse an anti-social choice and stresses the need for willpower to overcome the temptations of drug abuse. ; and the social model and, which focuses on substance abuse as the result of exposure to other users, peer pressure, relationship pressure, and advertising. The biopsychosocial model of addiction combines aspects of all these approaches.

Antipsychotics: Major Tranquilizers

typical: 1. Thorazine (Chloropramizine) 2. Mellaril (Thioridazine) 3. Prolixin (Fluphenazine) 4. Trilafon (Perphenazine) 5. Stelazine (Trifluoperazine) 6. Haldol (Haloperidol) 7. Navane (Thiothixene) 8. Loxitane (Succinate) 9. Pehnergan (Promethazine) 10. Moban (Molindone)

Rape victims

typically experience a variety of symptoms after the attack, including guilt, shame, anxiety, depression, and anger. Though there's a significant risk of long-term PTSD, the initial distress generally peaks in about three weeks, finally easing two or three months post-assault. Male partners of rape victims may show symptoms often seen in female partners of war veterans: isolation, anger, and a feeling of powerlessness. Survivors of rape may have to struggle with their partners' reactions as well as their own. Male partners of rape victims often experience symptoms comparable to those suffered by the female partners of war veterans--including a feeling of powerlessness that can lead to rage

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

typically show inappropriate social skills, but standardized tests are usually not sensitive enough to assess the depth and significance of these deficits in high-functioning students. Observing their behavior with peers and during an interview are two useful approaches. Another method is to show the student photographs of the person doing the assessment, and then ask the student to conduct an interview based on those photographs. Students with autism have difficulty with this task, since it entails a degree of empathy and organization beyond their capacities. - People with ASD often score high on intelligence tests. - Students with social cognitive deficits have a hard time with this task, which requires a degree of empathy and organization typically lacking in cases of ASD. - While this test can identify students with severe impairments, high-functioning students with ASD may perform on an average level or better.

panic attacks

usually come out of the blue and are not triggered by a specific fear or memory

Live modeling

watching a real person perform

symbolic modeling

watching others who have been videotaped perform the behavior

Single Subject Design

way of conducing research where each subject serves as his/her own control. This design employs repeated and multiple measures and requires you to establish BASELINE and INTERVENTION phases (typical AB design) and the design shows info about the client across time. AKA single system or time series design Shewart Chart (Two Standard Deviation Band) and Celleration Line are the most common types of stat analysis

autism spectrum disorder

which can be characterized by difficulty with appropriate social interaction and repetitive patterns of interest or behavior.

Gestalt Therapy

which focuses on being "in the moment," is a non-goal-oriented treatment heavily reliant on the client's subjective experience.

Unspecified bipolar and related disorder

would be the appropriate diagnosis only if the client had symptoms that didn't meet the criteria for another type of bipolar disorder. This client seems to meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar II.