Driver's Ed Module 8 & 9

yield

9. This sign is the same as a ______ sign.

Most fatal crashes occur at speed less than __ mph. To calculate the force of impact, multiply the speed by weight

45

3. _ _rating for traction on a tire indicates the tire meets MINIMUM government standards.

AC

9. What lights should be used in fog?

Low beam

The fan is located behind the radiator and

cools the water/coolant mixture as it circulates through the radiator.

8. Most vehicle/train crashes result from ___ ___

driver error___.

The air filter

filters out dust and other dirt particles out of the air to be mixed with gas.

8. Excessive wear in the middle of a tire indicates an ____-___ ______.

over-inflated tire

2. How can you determine if the ABS system is working properly?

The ABS light on the dashboard will immediately go out.

Define traction.

Traction is the grip between the tires and the road surface which allows a vehicle to start, stop, and/or change direction.

Babies less than ___ lbs. should be in a ____ facing child restraint in the rear seat of the vehicle.

_20 rear

5. What are the top two errors resulting in motorist/cyclist crashes?

A motorist making a left turn in front of a motorcycle A motorcyclist driving in a motorist blind zone resulting in a collision when the motorist attempts to change lanes.

3. Why is traction reduced during the first 15 minutes after it starts raining?

At the beginning of a rainstorm, water, dirt, oil and rubber combine on the roadway surface making the road extremely slippery.

3. How do anti-lock brakes affect: braking distance? steerability?

Braking distance may be longer on some surfaces such as snow or loose gravel. Steerability refers to the ability to maneuver the vehicle where the driver wants it to go. Because the wheels continue to roll and not slide with ABS, the driver maintains steerability.

5. Explain the purpose of each of the parts of the exhaust system. exhaust manifold catalytic converter exhaust pipe Muffler tailpipe

Burned gases from the engine are collected in the exhaust manifold. The catalytic converter reduces the amount of harmful gases. The exhaust pipe carries the gases to the muffler. The muffler absorbs noise. The tailpipe takes the gases from the vehicle into the surrounding air.

6. If the brake pedal pulsates and the braking system makes unusual noises, what should the driver do?

Continue braking as the pulsating brake pedal and braking noises are normal when ABS is activated.

COLD WEATHER CHECKS -Battery: -Radiator: -Tires: -Oil:

Fluid/Clean cables/cranking power Proper antifreeze/water ratio/level Proper inflation/tread for ice or snow May want to change to a thinner oil

4. A vehicle owner can find the proper tire inflation in the following locations:

In the owners manual Mounted on a plate on the door jamb

7. When driving at night, how does having the interior light on affect your visibility?

Interior lights cause a glare on the front windshield and reduce the eye's ability to adapt to the dark exterior environment.

9. List some common indications of steering problems.

Play or excessive movement in the steering wheel Steering difficulty, even though the tires are properly inflated Shimmying, wobbling, shaking or pulling to one side under normal driving conditions Squealing sounds when making turns

11. You are driving on an expressway. The fog has made it almost impossible to see. There are no exits nearby. Where is the safest place to stop?

Pull the end of a guard rail and back up close to it. This will reduce your chances of being hit by other motorists.

• Foot brake fails what do you do-

Pump the brakes rapidly. This may build up enough brake pressure to steer off the roadway and stop. If this doesn't work, downshift to a lower gear, look for an escape route and apply the parking brake gradually (holding the release button to maintain control

2. Name the three types of vehicle traction

Static Rolling Sliding

2. Name the three types of vehicle traction and give an example of each. Static Rolling Sliding

Static - the vehicle is not moving. This allows maximum traction between the tire and road surface. Rolling - when the vehicle is moving. Amount of traction in this situation depends on tire and road surfaces. Sliding - vehicle is moving/tires are not rolling. This results from loss of traction while the vehicle is in motion.

.How can using your air conditioner help defog windows?

The air conditioner dehumidifies (pulls moisture from the air) which helps to dissipate moisture on the windows.

4. What rules of the road must this cyclist follow?

The cyclist must follow the same rules of the road as any motorist.

4. What is the purpose of the drive shaft in a rear-wheel drive vehicle?

The drive shaft carries power from the transmission to the rear in rear-wheel drive vehicles.

2. Why are good tires essential for vehicle control?

The traction between the tires and roadway allows the driver to accelerate, brake and steer the vehicle.

what does it mean when you "overdrive your headlights"

The vehicle is unable to stop in the distance illuminated by the headlights.

4. If the water depth is 2 feet or greater, what will probably happen to this vehicle?

The vehicle will probably float

8. The lights of the vehicle behind you are on high beam. What can you do to help alleviate this problem?

This is causing a glare in your rear-view mirror. To alleviate this problem, switch the day/night lever to the night setting. This causes the glare to be reflected upward rather than into the driver's eyes.

This vehicle has been backed up to a guard rail end. Why?

This will greatly reduce the likelihood of the vehicle being hit by other vehicles using the roadway. This is the safer position when stopped in low visibility weather or for vehicle failure.

6. After driving through deep water, how can you dry the brakes?

To dry brakes, apply slight pressure to the brake pedal with the left foot while continuing to accelerate with the right foot. This creates heat in the brakes and helps dry them.

7. Two major dangers of under-inflated tires are:

Under-inflated tires make handling the vehicle more difficult. Under-inflated tires increase the risk of a blowout.

7. Sudden or excessive steering results in weight transfer to the side and possible loss of traction to both the ___ and ___ tires.

__front_ & rear

10. In the diagram below, the driver's intended path of travel is _straight_ but the rear of the vehicle is __sliding right___. This results from loss of traction to the _rear_ tires and is called ____.

__oversteer_

10. If a vehicle bounces more than usual, it may indicate worn _____.

__shocks__

4. The ___anti-lock braking system__ allows the driver to __________________________________________________________

apply maximum braking power without losing steering control

Jumper cables

are used to transfer electrical energy from a good battery to a dead battery to start the vehicle with the dead battery.

2. While the driver is accelerating, a __traction control system__ will.......

automatically activate brake sensors if a wheel begins spinning.

3. The _suspension control system_ adjusts vehicle _____ by adjusting the fluid or air pressure of shock absorbers or struts when too much weight is suddenly shifted to a wheel.

balance

The water/coolant mixture

circulates through the radiator. It is in the radiator that this mixture is cooled by the fan.

The oil filter.

cleans the oil as it circulates. The oil filter should be changed with every oil change

Explain how each of the roadside technologies below makes roadways safer. Rumble strips: Crash attenuators: Guard rail:

on the edge of road to alert drivers who run off the road. liquid/sand filled drums help reduce force of impact whn hit ends have been buried in the ground to reduce the severity of a crash.

13. If you run off the road, do what 4 things

stay _off the road_ until you regain vehicle balance; ease off the _accelerator __ and activate __ABS___(if vehicle is equipped); align the middle of the vehicle with __the edge of roadway___; check _traffic_; if clear, return to the roadway using no more than _1/8 - 1/4_ turn of the steering wheel; and target __intended path of travel__.

Explain the following ABS procedures.

stomp - Hit the brake hard to activate the ABS stay - Maintain pressure on the brake. Don't let up. steer - Steer towards the intended path of travel.

The spark plug

supplies the electrical spark that ignites the gas/air mixture in the pistons.

How can the driver of the car below determine that he/she has established a good following distance?

, the driver should be able to see the truck's side mirror.

9. Explain safety adjustments needed for a driver with an airbag-equipped vehicle. Seating position: at least __ inches from steering wheel Steering wheel tilt: tilted toward the _____ Hand position: balanced position below _-_

10 \ chest 9-3

7. All children younger than _ years old should ride in the back seat of a vehicle.

12

10. An airbag deploys at speeds up to ___ mph.

200 mph

Most fatal crashes occur within __ miles of the victim's home.

25

6. Dirty headlights can cause up to a __-__% loss of headlight efficiency.

50-90%

6. All children younger than _ years old are required to be in a child restraint device.

6

If a vehicle in which you are a passenger is traveling at 65 mph, your body is traveling ___mph. If the vehicle hits a tree and stops immediately, your body is still traveling __ mph.

65 65

. Why are airbags considered supplemental restraint systems?

Air bags are considered supplemental because they automatically activate with no input from passengers and they are intended to be used in conjunction with safety belts not in place of them.

Why is the air filter included as part of the fuel system?

Air is drawn through the air filter into the carburetor/fuel injectors where it is mixed with gas. Engines burn a gas/air mixture.

5. How does heavy weight in the trunk of your vehicle affect headlight illumination?

Because the weight will cause the front end of the vehicle to rise, the light beam will be too high above the road surface.

4. How can each of the following affect tire traction? Brakes unevenly adjusted: Tires with worn tread: Uneven tire pressure:

Brakes unevenly adjusted: Brakes pulling in one direction or the other can lead to a skid. Tires with worn tread: Tread is necessary for traction in wet weather. Worn tread cannot channel water effectively and traction will decrease & hydroplaning in wet weather. Uneven tire pressure: vehicle may pull to one side or the other and result in a skid.

. List five tips for driving in snow or ice.

Clean all snow off vehicle and clean all windows before starting out. Accelerate gently. Increase following distance. Significantly reduce speed. Maintain an open line of sight and path of travel. Give yourself extra room to stop. Do NOT use cruise control on slippery surfaces!

8. What maintenance services should you perform on a vehicle after driving through dusty or sandy areas?

Have the oil, oil filter and air filter changed.

2. Describe how hydroplaning occurs?

Hydroplaning occurs when water builds up between the tire and road surface. This results in no traction or control for the affected tires.

A Safety belt: what does it do B Head restraint: what does it do C Air bag: what does it do

Keep occupants in position Prevent whiplash injuries Provides additional protection against impact with the vehicles interior

How can you minimize the effects of the glare produced by intense sunlight?

Keep the windshield clean inside and out. Use sunglasses.

You are approaching a vehicle with high beam head lights on. You quickly dim your high beam lights. The other driver does not respond. What should you do?

Keep you lights on low beam. Look to the right edge of the lane or roadway as you pass the vehicle. Make brief glances ahead to monitor the path of travel.

What precautions must this driver take to maintain control of his vehicle? (5)

Know the depth of the water. Reduce speed to reduce the chance of hydroplaning. Wait for any oncoming vehicles to clear the water before crossing. Driver toward the center as the water depth is usually less there. `Dry the brakes immediately after crossing low water.

Name ways to estimate the depth of water on a roadway.

Look for items that will help you estimate the depth of the water such as fence posts, fire hydrants, and parked vehicles. If the water comes to the bottom of your vehicle, do not proceed. Turn around and find another route.

How can the driver of a motor vehicle help protect motorcyclists? (3)

Search for motorcyclists. Allow more space around motorcyclists. Remember motorcycles weight less and stop quicker than automobiles.

Accelerator sticks whbat do you do -

Shift to neutral, look for an escape path, steer smoothly and brake gently and pull off the roadway to stop

___ inches of water can cause loss of control.

Six

13. How can gusting winds or strong steady crosswinds affect vehicle control?

Strong winds create a problem called buffeting. This condition occurs on bridges, through mountain passes and when being passed by large trucks. These wind gust and blasts can cause total loss of control of the vehicle.

Why is 40-45 mph considered the maximum safe speed to travel at night when using low beam headlights?

The driver should be able to stop in the distance the roadway is illuminated.

13. What is meant by the "second collision" in a motor vehicle crash?

The first collision is when the vehicle makes contact with an outside force, stopping the vehicle. The "second collision" occurs when the bodies in the vehicle collide with vehicle parts.

5. Describe how to properly adjust a head restraint. \

The head restraint should be adjusted to the middle of the back of the head just above the ears.

5. What is the purpose of tire tread?

The purpose of tire tread is to provide traction on wet roadways. The tread channels the water away to allow tires to remain in contact with the road surface.

explain how a safety belt works.

This safety belt system works with a pendulum and ratchet system. When the vehicle is moving, the pendulum is straight and the ratchet is not engaged. Sudden slowing of the vehicle causes the pendulum to move and the ratchet to be engaged and stop the belt movement.

2. How does the contemporary (BGE) mirror setting reduce glare?

With the outside mirrors set approximately 15 degrees out, the glare from other vehicle's headlights is reflected away from the driver.

How could hydroplanning have been avoided?

You should not attempt to drive across bodies of water unless you know the depth.

4. A safety belt should fit snugly across the ____- and ____.

__sternum_ & __hips___

the driver is steering _left_ but the vehicle is continuing to move _straight_. This results from loss of traction to the _front_ tires and is called ______-.

__understeer_

12. When driving into a strong headwind, you may have to _____ to maintain speed. When there is a tailwind, you will need to ______- to maintain speed.

_accelerate_ _brake_

. Sudden or hard braking results in a weight transfer to the ____ of the vehicle and a possible loss of traction to the ____ tires.

_front rear

12. ABS is helpful in _understeer traction loss and traction control systems are helpful in _____- traction loss.

_oversteer_

6. Sudden or hard acceleration results in a weight transfer to the ___ of the vehicle and a possible loss of traction to the ____ tires.

_rear front

If you oversteer your first response should be to _____ the brake or accelerator. Look and steer toward your _____ _____ _____- ________-. Very light progressive acceleration will help shift weight to the ____ to help regain traction.

_release_ _intended path of travel_ _rear_

If your car isn't steering correctly your first response should be to ____ the accelerator or brake. Look and steer toward ___your ____ _____ __ ______. If your vehicle is equipped with ABS, braking will help shift the weight to the ___ to help regain traction. A quick _jab_ of the brakes in vehicles without ABS will produce the same weight transfer. To avoid this situation, you should _brake_ before entering a curve or turn and avoid ___ steering.

_release_ intended path of travel __front__ ___over_

1. _Electronic stability program_

analyzes where driver is trying to steer & where the vehicle is actually going. If the vehicle is not responding correctly to steering input, any one of the brakes is selectively applied to help the driver regain control.

The two main purposes of tires are to __________- & )__________

grip the road for traction___ and ___provide air-filled cushions for a smoother ride___.

How do you know if your vehicle is equipped with ABS?

light will appear on the dashboard when the ignition is turned on.

6. An easy method of measuring tread depth is to use the penny test. This is done by .....

placing a penny head first into the tread groove - if you can see the top of Lincoln's head, replace the tire.

The battery

provides power to start the engine. It also allows you to operate accessories when the engine is not running.