Drugs & Behavior chp 9

If a person suffers from alcohol-related fatty liver, the liver uses stored fatty acids for energy when ______

alcohol input ceases

An action of alcohol on the brain is to decrease the output of the ______ responsible for retaining fluid in the body

antidiuretic hormone

Identify a symptom of Wernicke's disease, which is an alcohol-related organic brain disease

ataxia

Optimal treatment of patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome during the early stages involves the administration of a(n) ______

benzodiazepine

Identify a consequence of heavy alcohol use

damage to the heart muscle

Identify a consequence of alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver

decreased ability of the liver to function

Generalized loss of brain tissue that results from direct alcohol toxicity is associated with alcoholic ______, which is a global decline of intellect

dementia

In the context of the disease model of alcohol dependence, a consequence of defining alcohol dependence as a primary disease is that ______

drinking itself should be recognized as a problem

In 2000, the U.S. Congress passed legislation requiring states to reduce the blood alcohol concentration for driving under the influence, or DUI, conviction from 0.10 to ______

0.08

In 1988, the final state raised its minimum drinking age, making ______ the uniform drinking age all across the United States.

21

Today's standard product from many large commercial distilleries is ______

95 percent pure ethyl alcohol

Identify an effect of alcohol on the brain that increases one's urine flow

Alcohol decreases the output of the antidiuretic hormone in the brain

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify an effect of alcohol on gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA

Alcohol enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA at the GABA-A receptor

Most patients with Wernicke's disease, an alcohol-related organic brain disease, also exhibit Korsakoff's psychosis that is characterized by an ______

inability to remember recent events or to learn new information

Alcohol dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system, and this ______

increases heat loss from a drinker's body

Through the writings indicating a negative view of alcohol, Benjamin Rush ______

introduced the concept of addiction to a psychoactive substance

Nausea and upset stomach are symptoms of a hangover due to alcohol consumption because alcohol ______

is a gastric irritant

In the distillation process of whiskey, the distillate contains more congeners because ______

whiskey is usually distilled at a lower proof, not more than 160

True or false: The culture of extreme drinking correlates well with overall alcohol consumption

False

Identify a true statement about fatty liver, which is a condition caused by alcohol

Fatty acid droplets increase in size until they rupture the cell membrane, causing death of the liver cells

______ forms the basis for all alcoholic beverages

Fermentation

Identify a true statement about alcoholic hepatitis, which is a disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake

It occurs in areas of the liver where cells are dead and dying

Identify a true statement about the Association Against Prohibition, which was formed in 1926.

Its major hope was that income taxes could be reduced

Identify a finding of surveys that studied the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior

People are more likely to have sex on a date when they drink alcohol on that date

Identify a true statement about the relationship between behavioral effects of alcohol and blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

The rate at which BAC rises is a factor in determining behavioral effects

Identify a true statement about grain neutral spirits, which contain relatively pure alcohol

They are essentially tasteless

Identify a true statement about French champagnes

They are naturally carbonated sparkling wines.

Identify a true statement about liqueurs, or cordials

They are similar in some ways to fortified wines.

In the primary metabolic system, the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to _______

acetaldehyde

It has been suggested that the accumulation of ______, which is quite toxic even in small quantities, contributes to the nausea and headache during a hangover due to alcohol consumption

acetaldehyde

During the process of fermentation, yeast recombines the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen of sugar into ethyl alcohol and ______

carbon dioxide

When alcohol is formed during distillation, other alcohols and oils that are known as ______ are also formed

cogeners

Giving alcohol to individuals in shock or extreme cold is not advisable because alcohol _____

dilates the peripheral blood vessels in the central nervous system

______ are added with yeast to give beer its distinctive, pungent flavor.

hops

Benjamin Rush, a prominent Philadelphia physician who authored the first writings indicating a negative views of alcohol, found a link between heavy drinking and ______

jaundice

Identify the personality factors that describe an alcoholic personality

passive impulsive depressed

Alcohol taken with or after a meal is absorbed more slowly because the ______

protein in the food retains the alcohol with it in the stomach

Identify true statements about the impact of prohibition.

-It led to a decrease in the rates of alcohol-related deaths at the beginning. -It reduced overall alcohol intake.

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) below ______ is considered safe as it allows a person to remain in reasonable control of their faculties

0.05

Before 1970, the minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages was set at ______ in all states except New York and Louisiana

21

Lia is a lean woman weighing 180 pounds. Her friend Melissa also weighs 180 pounds, but Melissa has a higher percentage of body fat. On one occasion, they drank the same amount of alcohol. In the context of the distribution of alcohol in the body, identify a true statement about the blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, found in Lia and Melissa

Lia will have a lower BAC than Melissa

States that did not allow sales of liquor became fewer until in 1966 ______, the last dry state, allowed sales of liquor

Mississippi

The major factor determining the rate of alcohol metabolism is the _____

activity of the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

Cynthia drank alcohol at a college party. She drank a lot of alcohol and vomited. She began drinking alcohol again after vomiting. In this scenario, a point to remember is that drinking after vomiting ______

can lead to lethal concentrations of alcohol in the blood

True or false: According to a study on the influence of alcohol on sexual behavior, men are less likely to be aroused by violent, erotic films after consuming alcohol

false

True or false: Organized crime became less profitable as a result of Prohibition

false

True or false: The personality factors of a drinker reflect the preexisting abnormalities that caused the problem drinking rather than the years of intoxication and the critical events that led to the decision to enter treatment

false

The facial and developmental abnormalities associated with the mother's alcohol use during pregnancy is known as ____ ____ syndrome

fetal alcohol

Ryan, a 20-year-old university student, attended a college party. He and his friends drank a lot of alcohol at the party. One of Ryan's friends, John, was about to pass out after drinking alcohol. In this scenario, Ryan should ______

place John on his side so that any vomit is less likely to be aspirated

In terms of beneficial aspects of alcohol on the heart, there has been speculation that ______ might have better effects than other forms of alcohol due to the presence of antioxidants

red wine

Identify a result of Prohibition at the beginning

sharp decline in hospital admissions for alcohol dependence

Identify the abnormalities in facial features associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

short length of the nose flattening of the philtrum

The ______ is responsible for most absorption of alcohol in the body

small intestine

According to comparative statistics based on reported sales, ______ leads the list for beer consumption.

the Czech Republic

It is recommended that the initial period of detoxification during alcohol treatment be carried out in an inpatient medical setting because ______

the abstinence syndrome that develops from alcohol use is more likely to cause death than withdrawal from opioid drugs

In the context of alcohol distribution in the body, women might be more susceptible to the effects of alcohol because ______

the stomach enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase is more active in men than in women

In the context of alcohol's mechanism of action, identify a disadvantage of using alcohol as an anesthetic

It has a long duration of action that cannot be controlled

Identify a true statement about alcohol-related liver cirrhosis

It is a frequently deadly liver disorder associated with heavy alcohol use

Identify a true statement about patients with alcoholic dementia, which is an organic brain syndrome caused due to alcohol toxicity

they suffer from impaired problem solving

Arrange the steps involved in the production of light beers in the correct order of occurrence

1. mash of barley malt and other cereal grains is fermented at a cooler temperature for a longer time 2. alcohol content is adjusted by adding water 3. a beverage with considerably less sugar and only a bit less alcohol is produced

Which of the following statements is true of the behavioral effects of alcohol?

A higher blood alcohol concentration is needed to impair the performance of a chronic, heavy drinker than that of a moderate drinker

_____ is a serious disease caused by prolonged alcohol intake that includes inflammation and impairment of liver function

Alcoholic hepatitis

_____ is made by adding barley malt to other cereal grains, such as ground corn or rice

Beer

______ is a process in which the solution containing alcohol is heated, and the vapors are collected and condensed into liquid form again

Distillation

Identify an event in the United States that made people consider the value of tax revenue from alcohol sale

The Great Depression

Identify a true statement about the distillation process to obtain alcohol

There is a higher percentage of alcohol in the distillate than there was in the original solution.

Which of the following statements is true of liqueurs, or cordials?

They are usually consumed in small amounts.

Identify a true statement about light beers

They contain about 10 percent less alcohol than strong beers.

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that _____

alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

The disease model of alcohol dependence suggests that ______

alcohol dependence is a progressive disease characterized by a loss of control over drinking

Match the types of champagnes with their features

brut - the driest champagnes extra dry - sweet champagnes

Which of the following is a negative consequence of Prohibition?

buying and selling of alcohol illegally