drugs and behavior exam one
When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body,s natural balance, a Ònew normalÓ is created, known as
allostasis
There are several routes of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than others. Which of the following sequences correctly lists the routes of administration from fastest to slowest for getting drugs to the brain?"
"inhaling (smoke), injecting (intravenous), mucous membrane absorption (nasal passage), oral ingestion"
The name of the primary evaluation document used in the United States to assess whether a person has a substance-related disorder is called the:
Diagnostic Statistical Manual
Contact absorption from drug-saturated patches applied to the skin allow erratic amounts of drugs to be passively absorbed into to the body over an indefinite period of time.
False
The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain is intravenously.
False
There is no such thing as psychological dependence.
False
Tolerance to the mental effects of drugs always develops at the same rate as tolerance to the drug's physical effects.
False
The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain.
True
The compulsive gambler's addiction pathway in the brain becomes hijacked similar to the ways the brain becomes rewired from alcohol and other drug addictions.
True
The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is:"
dopamine
Using drugs to replace, supplement, or counterbalance the effects of a person's drug of choice is known as:"
polydrug use
When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long?"
20 to 30 minutes
Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.
False
In the United States, the legal drinking age varies from state to state.
False
Passive transport occurs when water-soluble drugs such as cocaine cross the blood-brain barrier by hitching a ride on molecules that cross the blood-brain barrier.
False
Psychoactive drugs promote homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system.
False
Research has shown that supply reduction (drug seizures, interruption of people involved with the drug trade) is a more effective strategy than demand reduction (drug abuse treatment and prevention)
False
The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect."
False
Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use?
Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses.
"When the body speeds up the metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as dispositional tolerance."
True
Acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) and adaptation to tobacco begins almost instantly with the first puff of a cigarette.
True
Addictive substances affect how neurons can down-regulate their brain receptors.
True
Compulsive behaviors (e.g., binge eating, anorexia, bulimia, compulsive gambling, sexual compulsion, and Internet addiction) affect many of the same areas of the brain that are influenced by psychoactive drugs."
True
From our nation's early beginnings, the United States strictly regulated alcohol, opium, morphine, cannabis and other psychoactive medications.
True
Limiting the places where tobacco smoking is permitted has not reduced the use of tobacco in the United States or other countries where such policies have been implemented.
True
Mexican cartels have replaced Colombian cartels in smuggling cocaine into the United States.
True
Which of the following is currently the most popular psychoactive substance worldwide?
alcohol
According to the authors of Uppers, Downers, All Arounders, a psychoactive drug is defined as
any substance that directly alters the normal functioning of the central nervous system
The British encouraged the planting of hemp in the new American colonies for which of the following reasons?
to provide England with strong fibers from which it could make rope and sails for its ships
The Gin Epidemic
was brought under control through high taxes and the strict regulation of the sale of gin