Drugs and Society Chapter 8 Test Review

What percentage of drugs are kept off the U.S. market due to the United States' current supply reduction approach (i.e., the "War on Drugs")?

10-15%

Which of the following statements are true regarding erectile dysfunction drugs such as Viagra (sildenafil citrate), Cialis (tadalafil), and Levitra (vardenafil)? A. The drugs are aphrodisiacs. B. The drugs enhance nitric oxide levels, which support the functioning of erectile tissue. C. The drugs increase sexual desire in men and women equally. D. The drugs work in the absence of sexual stimulation.

B. The drugs enhance nitric oxide levels, which support the functioning of erectile tissue.

According to the textbook, the "lag phase" refers to which of the following statements? A. the time between when alcohol or other drugs are consumed and the psychoactive effects are felt B. the time between initial use of alcohol or other drugs and the development of severe consequences due to the use or abuse of the substance C. the time delay between the cultivation of drugs and the time they make it to market D. the loss of sense of time experienced by people using all arounders

B. the time between initial use of alcohol or other drugs and the development of severe consequences due to the use or abuse of the substance

Which of the following statements is true concerning the U.S. prison population? A. From 1980 to 2009, the prison population increased 75% because of the three-strikes policy. B. Few inmates are actually under the influence of drugs while committing the offense that put them in prison. C. Nearly 50% of the inmates in federal prisons were sentenced for drug offenses. D. Since the implementation of the "War on Drugs" in the 1970s, the prison population has decreased.

C. Nearly 50% of the inmates in federal prisons were sentenced for drug offenses.

Almost half of all teenagers who are very sexually active have had which sexually transmitted disease, often without knowing it?

Chlamydia

Which of the following diseases in not commonly spread by IV drug use? A. hepatitis B B. hepatitis C C. human immunodeficiency virus D. herpes

D. herpes

The goals of harm reduction include which of the following? A. the promotion of abstinence B. the alignment with zero-tolerance government programs C. eliminating and extinguishing the harm that addicts do to themselves through their use of drugs D. the reduction of the harm that addicts cause for society through their use of drugs

D. the reduction of the harm that addicts cause for society through their use of drugs

Which neurotransmitter regulates mood, emotional behavior, motor control, and orgasms?

Dopamine

True or False. Mephedrone is a popular club drug, especially in Europe. This drug's effects are most similar to those of marijuana.

False

True or False. Physicians easily and readily identify alcoholism and drug abuse in the elderly.

False

True or False. The majority of the U.S. national drug control budget is allocated to demand reduction.

False

True or False. The military is under strict Congressional guidelines and cannot conduct drug testing whenever and wherever it chooses.

False

True or False. The phrase "demand reduction" seeks to decrease drug abuse by reducing the availability of drugs.

False

True or False. The phrase "supply reduction" refers to prevention programs that prevent people from wanting to use illicit drugs.

False

True or False. The rate of heavy drinking is lower among military personnel than among society as a whole.

False

Contaminated needles spread which disease(s)?

HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Chlamydia

The three main prevention methods used are

Harm reduction, supply reduction, and demand reduction

Which level(s) of prevention is/are most likely to include intervention?

Secondary and Tertiary Prevention

In the United States, Black Americans with drug problems have a higher rate of incarceration and are likely to receive treatment through the criminal justice system, whereas Whites are more likely to receive probation and treatment from medical and social service programs.

True

True or False. Addiction is an equal-opportunity destroyer.

True

True or False. Alcohol or other drugs are involved in 70% of teen suicides.

True

True or False. An important lesson from all primary prevention programs is that to be successful a program must be continual. One-year attempts at inoculating students against alcohol/drug use have not been effective enough.

True

True or False. At low doses some drugs can enhance sexual arousal.

True

True or False. Children who grow up in a home with a drug-using or alcohol-abusing family member take on distinctive roles that affect their personalities.

True

True or False. Drug use in companies that conduct drug testing has tapered down and leveled off after experiencing a significant decline in the 1990s.

True

True or False. Drugs affect sexuality by disrupting the neurotransmitters.

True

True or False. False-negative results, not false positives, constitute the majority of urine-testing errors.

True

True or False. For every $1 spent on an employee assistance program (EAP), the employer saves up to $16.

True

True or False. Regular survey data collection and analysis of alcohol and other drug use provide a benchmark to measure the effectiveness of prevention efforts and policies.

True

True or False. Tests for the use of drugs can be conducted using a person's urine, blood, hair, saliva, or sweat.

True

True or False. The effects that alcohol and other drugs have on a person's sexuality (drive and experience) are caused by the drugs' disruption of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

True

True or False. The legality of alcohol and tobacco, coupled with pervasive advertising of these substances, reduces the effectiveness and limits the credibility of many prevention programs.

True

True or False. The military has one of the most widespread drug-testing programs in the country.

True

True or False. The use of an addictive substance (such as alcohol and other drugs) at an early age changes vulnerable brain functions and increases a person's likelihood of developing an addiction.

True

True or False. When drug use is studied on a regional basis, the facts show that per-capita drug use in rural and small urban areas is equal to, and in some areas more than, that of large urban areas.

True

True or False. When used long-term or in large doses, a drug can cause a loss of sexual interest and inability to perform sexually.

True

Which of the following are important aspects to consider in conducting accurate drug testing? #1. the length of time since the person last took the drug #2. the type of drug test being conducted (e.g., urine, saliva, hair) #3. having a qualified person directly observe the collection of the sample (e.g., urine, saliva, hair) #4. following an established rigid chain of custody to ensure that the sample collected is accurately labeled, secured, stored, and tested

aspects 2, 3, and 4 only

Which of the following factors influence the length of time that a drug can be detected in someone's blood, urine, saliva, or other body tissues? #1. an individual's rate of drug absorption #2. an individual's rate of metabolism #3. the rate of excretion from the body #4. the type of drug-testing method used

factors 1, 2, 3, and 4

The three parts of the public health model used to explain the prevention model are

host, environment, and agent

Which of the following are common mistakes made by alcohol and other drug prevention and education efforts on college campuses? #1. They often overlook and do not recognize the level of sophistication most college students have regarding most aspects of alcohol and other drugs. #2. They don't emphasize the risks or benefits of alcohol and other drugs. #3. Prevention messages often appear condescending to the average student. #4. They don't recognize the highly effective strategies like Red Ribbon Week.

mistakes 1 and 3 only

Drugs affect sexuality by disrupting which of the following neurotransmitters? #1. serotonin #2. dopamine #3. histamine #4. norepinephrine

neurotransmitters 1 and 2 only

With regard to love, sex, and drugs, drugs are desirable to a wide range of ages and cultures, particularly when which of the following are present? #1. shyness #2. lack of confidence #3. physical changes that diminish sexual abilities #4. physical changes that diminish sexual desire

options 1 and 2 only

Which of the following have been identified as risk factors for substance abuse among veterans and military service members? #1. the stress and the anxiety of combat and deployment #2. the regional availability of indigenous drugs like cannabis (hashish, marijuana) and opiates (opium, heroin) #3. social norms that support a heavy-drinking culture within branches of the military #4. zero-tolerance policies

risk factors 1, 2, and 3 only

Which of the following statements are true about drug courts? #1. Drug courts are a collaborative approach among the courts, prosecution, public defenders, probation, and treatment providers for convicted drug offenders. #2. Drug court treatment programs cost more than incarceration. #3. Drug courts reduce the strain on the justice system caused by thousands of minor drug offenses by diverting first-time offenders to treatment. #4. There are no outcome studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of drug courts.

statements 1 and 2 only

Which of the following statements are true regarding the effects of heavy and prolonged use of cocaine and sexual health? #1. It causes a decrease in sexual desire among men and women. #2. It disrupts women's menstrual cycle and causes difficulty achieving orgasm. #3. It causes a decrease in the ability of men and women to achieve orgasm. #4. Men have difficulty achieving an erection.

statements 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which of the following statements are true about Prohibition in the United States from 1920 to 1933? #1. During Prohibition there was a reduction in domestic violence. #2. Prohibition strengthened many criminal organizations. #3. After Prohibition was repealed, it took several decades for the level of per-capita alcohol consumption to return to the higher pre-Prohibition per-capita consumption levels. #4. Deaths from cirrhosis of the liver remained unchanged during Prohibition.

statements 1, 2, and 3 only

Which of the following statements are true about prevention programs? #1. Prevention programs need to be tailored to specific age groups. #2. Prevention programs need to be tailored for ethnicity, culture, and gender. #3. A prevention program that has been researched and found to be effective for one particular cultural group can be readily applied to other cultural groups and yield similar results. #4. Prevention programs should span a lifetime.

statements 1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following statements are true about the harm reduction approach? #1. Harm reduction does not acknowledge the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #2. Harm reduction acknowledges the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #3. The provision of free and clean needles to IV drug users reduces harm. #4. Using a designated driver is a form of harm reduction.

statements 2 and 3 only

Which of the following statements are true about the age group(s) that should be targeted for prevention of substance abuse and addictive behaviors? #1. Psychoactive drugs and addictive behaviors affect people's lives from conception to death. #2. Prevention programs should be available for every stage of a person's life. #3. Prevention efforts should only target teenagers because that is when use begins. #4. The least important group to focus on are non-dependent users.

statements 2 and 4 only

Which of the following are the most effective HIV disease prevention strategies? #1. drug-abuse treatment on demand #2. education on the risks of high-risk sexual activity and AIDS #3. needle-exchange programs that are tied to treatment #4. red ribbon campaigns

strategies 1, 2, and 3 only