DSM Section 16.1-16.3
Hyperthyroidism is most likely to result in ________.
A tendency toward weight loss
Paracrine signals:
Act on neighboring cells
________ are hormones that act on the same target cells but have opposite effects.
Antagonists
All of the following tropic hormones are released by the anterior pituitary except ________.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
________ signals consists of chemicals secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid that elicit effects from the same cell.
Autocrine
________ are the major targets of growth hormone.
Bone and skeletal muscle
A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the absorption of calcium ions from the digestive tract is ________.
Calcitirol
Unlike the nervous system, the effects of hormones:
Can require seconds to hours to days to elicit their effect
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the ________.
Concentration of serum calcium
Which of the following hormones is not steroid-based?
Epinephrine
What type of tissue makes up the adenohypophysis or anterior pituitary gland?
Glandular epithelium
Which type of stimulation is expected to regulate the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?
Hormonal stimulation
The endocrine system secretes ________ into the blood to be transported to their target cells.
Hormones
Endocrine glands secrete ________ into the bloodstream, where they travel to specific sites called ________.
Hormones; target tissues
What type of hormones can cross the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus?
Hydrophobic hormones
What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Hypocalcemia
All the following structures are primary organs of the endocrine system except the ________.
Hypothalamus
The ________ is the link between the nervous and the endocrine systems.
Hypothalamus
Which of the following effects is not associated with parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Increased osteoblast activity
What stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or vasopressin?
Increasing solute concentration of the blood
Growth hormone (GH) stimulates all the following actions except ________.
Increasing the rate of glycogen formation
________ is required for thyroid hormone synthesis.
Iodine
Most hormone secretion is regulated as part of a ________.
Negative feedback loop
The cells of the nervous system communicate via ________, whereas the cells of the endocrine system communicate via ________.
Neurotransmitters; hormones
Which of the following hormones causes contractions of the uterus during childbirth?
Oxytocin
Which hormone should be checked for normal levels in an individual with recurring kidney stones?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship?
Pituitary gland
What is delivered over the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?
Releasing and inhibiting hormones
Which of the following hormones would not be water-soluble?
Steroids
The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium by ________.
Targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts to release calcium
What is a major function of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to reach receptors on target cells.
The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are related because ________.
The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that influence the pituitary gland
What does thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) target?
Thyroid gland
Which of the following structures is a primarily endocrine organ?
Thyroid gland
Thermoregulation is a function of which of the following hormones?
Thyroid hormones
Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus are carried to the anterior pituitary ________.
by the portal veins
A second messenger for hormone response is ________.
cAMP
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ________.
it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
