DUAL US chapter 26

10. The National Recovery Administration sought to promote economic recovery by __________.

promoting cooperation between business and labor

13. Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that a __________ of production would restore purchasing power to farmers.

reduction

5. Which terms best describe Hoover's response to the Depression?

restrained and cautious

29. How did the Great Depression affect Americans psychologically?

unemployment and poverty undermined people's sense of self-worth and caused many to despair

44. FDR attempted to "pack" the Supreme Court because he __________.

wanted to remove the final and most powerful threat to his New Deal by replacing judges who opposed its programs.

19. The sit-down strike __________.

was first used against General Motors in 1936

18. The industrial union movement of the 1930s __________

was led by John L. Lewis and the UMW

27. How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929?

wild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices

4. Hoover believed that unemployment relief __________.

would be the most beneficial if it came from private charities

17. The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act __________.

granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain

3. The social and economic effects of the Depression __________

hit the middle class especially hard

1. What was the most striking characteristic of the stock market in 1929?

investors' obsession with speculation

39. What was the primary motivation for the passage of the Social Security Act?

A sense of duty to ensure that all America's citizens, especially the elderly, handicapped, and unemployed, were adequately provided for.

26. Why did farmers during the Great Depression resort to such extreme measures as dumping fresh milk into the streets?

Farmers hoped to create demand and drive up prices for their products

20. Which individual was most responsible for promoting African American rights during the New Deal?

Harry Hopkins

32. How might FDR's personal background have prepared him to meet the challenges of the Great Depression?

His bout with polio gave him personal experience of suffering and made him more sensitive to the downtrodden of society.

30. What effect did the Great Depression have on immigration to the United States?

It effectively reversed the flow, with hundreds of thousands being deported

40. How did the New Deal affect American industrial workers?

It provided the means for them to organize and bargain for benefits.

36. How did the Roosevelt administration finally deal with the problem of agricultural overproduction?

It set production limits for leading crops and paid farmers subsidies.

35. What caused the National Recovery Administration ultimately to fail?

Its rules favored large corporations over small businesses and laborers

49. How was American handling of the crises of World War One and the Great Depression similar?

Just as the War provided women and minorities with job opportunities, so did the Great Depression offer more unskilled, typically female and minority jobs

41. How did women and minorities benefit from the organization of labor?

Unskilled labor, which largely consisted of women and minorities, was represented along with skilled labor by the CIO and AFL.

15. Francis Townsend advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to __________.

all Americans over the age of 60

47. What was the major political legacy of the New Deal?

an expansion of the power of the Federal Government

7. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was designed to __________

bring modernization and jobs to desolate areas of the upper and rural South

14. By 1935, Roosevelt's severest critics were __________.

demanding more radical reforms

22. The Indian Reorganization Act __________.

"Indian New Deal" 1934 partially reserved the individualistic approach and belatedly tried to restore the tribal basis of indian life, Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs.

2. By 1932, what percentage of American workers were unemployed?

25%

37. Why was the New Deal criticized during the early years of the Great Depression?

Because it tended to benefit large businesses and farms, leaving the poor and elderly unaided.

28. How did the consumer goods revolution contribute to the great crash of 1929?

Because of the availability of durable goods that didn't need to be regularly replaced, production outpaced demand, which led to wide-scale layoffs

8. Which organization hired young men to clear land, plant trees, build bridges, and fish ponds?

CCC

50. What has been the most significant long-range effect of the New Deal on American society?

Certain key programs, such as Social Security, have become an integral part of American life, providing essential benefits to millions of Americans today

43. What role did FDR play in the shifting of African American political affiliation from the Republican party to the Democratic party?

FDR appointed African Americans to high-ranking positions and criticized racial discrimination.

48. How did the country's experience of World War I shape the national response to the Great Depression under FDR?

During the war years, the country had experienced general mobilization of the nation's resources in the service of a common goal, facilitating implementation of the New Deal, another form of general mobilization

33. Which of FDR's actions ended the immediate financial crisis of the 1930s?

He took control of the nation's banks, thereby restoring the public's confidence in the banking system.

21. After 1937, the WPA denied employment to aliens, a decision that greatly affected __________.

Mexican Americans

12. Which New Deal program did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional?

National Recovery Administration

23. Despite the New Deal, __________ were the country's most impoverished citizens.

Native Americans

42. The Great Depression affected racial minorities more severely than other groups because racial minorities __________.

Racial minorities were the first to be fired and last to be hired.

38. How did Huey Long's "Share the Wealth" movement of 1935 reflect on the U.S. government's efforts to address the Great Depression?

The Share the Wealth movement suggested that a large number of people felt that more should be done for those in trouble.

45. How did the reform programs created during the New Deal eventually lead to its demise?

The programs required massive government spending and couldn't be sustained.

6. Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation was designed to __________.

support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones

25. In his second term, Roosevelt's success was meager except for __________.

the defeat of minimum wage and maximum hour legislation