Early English Colonies
What was the headright system?
Colonists who had already been living in Virginia were each given two headrights. Immigrant colonists who paid for their passage were given one headright, and individuals would subsequently receive one headright each time they paid for the passage of another individual. (A headright is 50 acres of land)
What was the name of the movement of African-Americans out of southern United states to northern cities?
Great Migration (20th cent.)
"When London Merchant Urge Repeal" (January 17, 1766) referred to "this Trade, consisting of British Manufactures exported, and of the Import of raw Materials from America, many of them used in our Manufactures, and all of them tending to lessen our Dependence on neighboring States," what economic system was specifically being described? (a) Stochastic (b) Mercantilism (c) Qualitative (d) Keynesian (e) Laissez-faire
(b). Mercantilism
The Middle Passage refers to which of the following? (a) The passage of African people across the Atlantic to the Americas (b) The passage of Irish Catholics to the United States (c) The movement of African-Americans out of southern United States to northern cities (d) The forced passage of Cherokee Indians west (e) The sought waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
(a) The passage of African people across the Atlantic to the Americas
Which early colonial trial is most associated with the First Amendment's idea of freedom of the press? (a) The trial of John Peter Zenger (b) The trial of Anne Hutchinson (c) The Salem Witch Trials (d) The Boston Massacre trial (e) James Otis's challenge of writs of assistance
(a) The trial of John Peter Zenger
The Puritans of New England felt the freedom to practice religion should be extended to _______ (a) only Puritans (b) only Protestants (c) only Christians (d) only Christians and Jews (e) all people
(a) only Puritans
Which of the following individuals was not involved in the religious revivals in the colonies? (a) John Peter Zenger (b) John Woolman (c) Jonathan Edwards (d) George Whitefield (e) Gilbert Tennent
(a). John Peter Zenger
The land explored by Sir Walter Raleigh was named Virginia in honor of _______ (a) Queen Elizabeth (b) the Virgin Mary in Christian tradition (c) the first female born by English settlers in North America (d) Queen Mary (e) the untouched appearance of the land upon Raleigh's arrival
(a). Queen Elizabeth
Bacon's Rebellion is most associated with which early colony? (a) Virginia (b) Maryland (c) North Carolina (d) Massachusetts (e) Pennsylvania
(a). Virginia
The primary staple crops produced in the middle colonies included which of the following? (a) Wheat, oats, and barley (b) Cotton, tobacco, and tomatoes (c) Rice, tobacco, and indigo (d) Wheat, flax, and barley (e) Tomatoes, soy, and rye
(a). Wheat, oats, and barley
In colonial Virginia, the Piedmont referred to ________ (a) foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in western Virginia (b) the area in eastern Virginia along the major rivers (c) coastal highlands in the southern part of Virginia (d) wide-open plains in western Virginia (e) a trade route between Virginia and Maryland
(a). foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in western Virginia
Which of the following statements best describes the ideas that caused the division between Anne Hutchinson and the Puritan church? (a) Hutchinson wanted to grant citizens of all faiths the right to vote. (b) Hutchinson openly promoted the idea of an individual personal relationship with God without the guidance of church leaders. (c) Hutchinson openly protested the witch trials taking place in New England. (d) Hutchinson rejected treaties with the Native Americans as being unfair (e) Hutchinson promoted the return of Catholic traditions within the puritan church.
(b). Hutchinson openly promoted the idea of an individual personal relationship with God without the guidance of church leaders.
Which statement is the most accurate concerning the North American colonies? (a) Most of the colonies were able to to become profitable within the first years of their creation. (b) Most of the colonies started as proprietary but became royal colonies by the mid-18th century. (c) Most of the original colonies began as royal colonies. (d) Most of the colonies started as independent colonies but later received charters. (e) Most of the colonies started as proprietary colonies but became independent by purchasing their charters.
(b). Most of the colonies started as proprietary but became royal colonies by the mid-18th century.
Which of the following terms best describes colonies such as Pennsylvania and Maryland that were granted to a group by the English monarchy and given the right of self-government? (a) Royal colonies (b) Proprietary colonies (c) Corporate colonies (d) Chartered colonies (e) Joint stock colonies
(b). Proprietary colonies
The majority of colonists who migrated to Maryland and Virginia during the 17th century would be best described as ______ (a) wealthy planters (b) indentured servants (c) women (d) African slaves (e) bankers and financiers
(b). indentured servants
Which North American colony was intended to serve as a penal colony for debtors? (a) Connecticut (b) South Carolina (c) Georgia (d) Rhode Island (e) Florida
(c). Georgia
Which of the following statements is not true about the colony of Pennsylvania? (a) It increased its population through heavy advertising by paid agents. (b) Because of Quaker beliefs , it strongly supported upholding land treaties with the Native Americans. (c) It allowed Catholics and Jews to vote and hold public office. (d) It did not require taxes to fund a state-held church. (e) It imposed the death penalty on those who committed murder or treason.
(c). It allowed Catholics and Jews to vote and hold public office.
What was the major purpose of the Toleration Act of 1649? (a) It was a way to suppress rebellions such as the one led by Nathaniel Bacon. (b) It was an attempt to maintain order in Boston after the passage of the Coercive Acts. (c) It protected Catholic rights in Maryland from the influx of Protestant colonists. (d) It extended voting rights to non-Protestants in New England. (e) It improved the conditions of indentured servants in the middle colonies.
(c). It protected Catholic rights in Maryland from the influx of Protestant colonists.
Which of the following is not true of the House of Burgesses in colonial Virginia? (a) It consisted initially of 22 representatives. (b) All laws passed by the body could be vetoed by the governor. (c) It was responsible for electing the governor. (d) Only landowning males could vote for representatives. (e) The powers of the House of Burgesses were limited when Virginia became a royal colony.
(c). It was responsible for electing the governor.
Which of the following statements best describes Roger Williams's view of "liberty of conscience"? (a) All people have freedom of speech. (b) People must be protected from unreasonable search and seizure. (c) Religious freedom requires a separation of church and state. (d) The press should be free to report honestly about political figures. (e) Men could avoid military service on religious grounds.
(c). Religious freedom requires a separation of church and state.
Which of the following statements best describes women in colonial New England? (a) They were less likely to attend church than men (b) They did not participate in outdoor farmwork. (c) They could own property and form contracts if they were widowed (d) They were discouraged from learning to read. (e) They were allowed to vote in town hall assemblies.
(c). They could own property and form contracts if they were widowed
American colonists began to use African slaves primarily because ______ (a) the papacy created an edict calling for the use of African slaves in Catholic-controlled lands (b) the African slaves were more accustomed to agriculture than the Native Americans (c) the Native Americans were decimated by European disease, while the Africans developed immunity (d) the practice of indentured servitude was outlawed by the pope (e) the European population was too limited to provide the needed labor
(c). the Native Americans were decimated by European disease, while the Africans developed immunity
Which of the following statement was not true of the Tidewater in colonial Virginia? (a) It was located on the James and Rappahannock Rivers. (b) It was adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay. (c) Many of the wealthiest Virginian plantations were located in this region. (d) Many poorer farmers and former indentured servants were forced to locate in the Tidewater. (e) It was east of the Piedmont region and the Appalachians.
(d). Many poorer farmers and former indentured servants were forced to locate in the Tidewater.
In what way did the Jamestown Colony and the Massachusetts Bay Colony differ greatly? (a) Unlike Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay was established as a joint stock company. (b) Jamestown became a royal colony, while Massachusetts remained a proprietary colony. (c) Unlike Jamestown, Massachusetts Bay maintained peaceful relations with the Native Americans within the region (d) Massachusetts Bay did not suffer from the same hardships as Jamestown during its first years. (e) The practice of slavery was legal in Jamestown but not in Massachusetts Bay.
(d). Massachusetts Bay did not suffer from the same hardships as Jamestown during its first years.
Which of the following statements was not true of education in the New England colonies prior to the American Revolution? (a) Towns of over 50 families were required to support an elementary school. (b) Towns of over 100 families were required to support a grammar school. (c) Elementary education was offered to both male and female children. (d) New England schools served as an early example of true secular education. (e) New England had a higher literacy rate than the Southern colonies.
(d). New England schools served as an early example of true secular education.
Which of the following changes was a direct result of Bacon's Rebellion? (a) Southern colonies began to farm tobacco as a staple export. (b) A balance of power no longer existed between Native Americans and colonists in New England. (c) Southern labor shifted from African slaves and began to rely more on indentured servants. (d) Southern labor moved away from indentured servants and began to rely more on African slaves. (e) Virginia transformed from a proprietary colony into a royal colony.
(d). Southern labor moved away from indentured servants and began to rely more on African slaves.
What is Keynesian economics?
-'demand side policy' -during recessions, keep wages high to promote spending -unemployment is caused by insufficient demand
What is the African diaspora? (a) The strict slave codes put into place to maintain order on plantations (b) The passage of slaves from West Africa to the Americas (c) The use of Africans in mines and on plantations as forced labor (d) The dispersal of Africans throughout the Americas under the system of slavery (e) The papal order to force Africans into the system of slavery
(d). The dispersal of Africans throughout the Americas under the system of slavery
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the southern colonies during the late 17th century? (a) The economy was equally mixed between farming, trade, and small manufacturing. (b) African slaves were strictly segregated from white indentured servants. (c) The economy was dominated by skilled labor in port towns. (d) Tobacco, rice, and indigo served as the major staple crops. (e) The growth of upland cotton dominated the economy.
(d). Tobacco, rice, and indigo served as the major staple crops.
What advantage of colonies in the South was not shared by New England farmers? (a) Unlike the South, New England lacked ability to use slave labor. (b) Unlike the South, there was a lack of labor available to work in agriculture in New England. (c) Unlike the South, strict Puritan laws limited the type of agriculture allowed in New England. (d) Unlike the South, New England soil did not permit the growth of large quantities of cash crops. (e) Unlike the South, New England colonial charters did not allow for high-volume agriculture.
(d). Unlike the South, New England soil did not permit the growth of large quantities of cash crops.
John Winthrop referred to Massachusetts Colony as "a city on the hill" because _______ (a) Boston's elevation made it clearly visible from the Atlantic Ocean (b) its views of religious freedom made it a safe haven for the oppressed (c) the colony's fair treatment of Native Americans was to be an example for others (d) the colony was to serve as an example of Christian virtue and charity (e) the term distinguished Massachusetts from the lower-elevation Tidewater settlements in Virginia
(d). the colony was to serve as an example of Christian virtue and charity
What was the major reason for Catholics migrating to the Americas from England during the 1600s? (a) The return of a Catholic sovereign to the English monarchy granted them greater rights to establish colonies. (b) The papacy called upon English Catholics to migrate as a protest to Anglican rule. (c) The Catholic migrants would provide Catholic nations such as France and Spain while military support within their colonial possessions. (d) Catholic nations in Europe granted them lands within the southern region of the New World. (e) English Catholics wanted to escape the persecution they faced under Anglican rule.
(e). English Catholics wanted to escape the persecution they faced under Anglican rule.
Which of the following statements does not describe slavery in the North American colonies? (a) Slaves in Georgia and South Carolina's coastal region primarily worked on large plantations in dangerous and brutal conditions. (b) In Virginia, slaves made up a minority of the population and had varied jobs. (c) In New England, slaves worked mainly in urban areas and ports. (d) The slaves contributed to the growth of the Atlantic economy as shipbuilders and dock workers in the middle colonies. (e) Strict slave laws prevented slave revolts through the 1700s.
(e). Strict slave laws prevented slave revolts through the 1700s.
Which of the following is true concerning the First Great Awakening? (a) The First Great Awakening brought separatism and secession from established churches. (b) The First Great Awakening brought the renewed persecution of witches. (c) The First Great Awakening led to the strong reemergence of Catholicism. (d) The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was created in direct response to the First Great Awakening. (e) The First Great Awakening created a greater appreciation for the emotional experiences of faith.
(e). The First Great Awakening created a greater appreciation for the emotional experiences of faith.
King Philip's War could be best described as _______ (a) an uprising of poor farmers against wealthy plantation owners (b) the colonial conflict resulting from the European War of Spanish Succession (c) the first of a series of wars between the English and French colonies in North America (d) an early revolt by enslaved Africans in the southern colonies (e) a conflict between Native Americans and New England settlers
(e). a conflict between Native Americans and New England settlers
The purpose of the the headright system was to _______ (a) open up more land for tobacco cultivation (b) ensure the separation between slaves and indentured servants (c) establish a basic system of laws within the Piedmont region of Virginia (d) keep non-Protestants from taking part in colonial government (e) encourage increased migration to the Virginia colony
(e). encourage increased migration to the Virginia colony
All of the following innovations and discoveries are associated with Benjamin Franklin except ________ (a) bifocal glasses (b) the flexible catheter (c) North Atlantic Ocean current patterns (d) the principle of the conservation of change (e) interchangeable parts
(e). interchangeable parts
John Rolfe's main contribution to the Jamestown settlement was ______ (a) guiding the first settlers through the Starving Time (b) devising the headright system to increase the population (c) serving as Virginia's first colonial governor (d) founding the first legislative body within the colonies (e) introducing tobacco as the colony's first staple crop
(e). introducing tobacco as the colony's first staple crop
What is a corporate colony?
**Sometimes used synonymously with chartered? **
What is a chartered colony?
-self-governed -charters granted to the colonists as opposed to proprietors Connecticut (1636-RW) Massachusetts (1620-RW) Rhode Island (1636-RW)
What is Laissez-faire economics?
-the less the government is involved in free market capitalism, the better off business will be, and then by extension, society as a whole. -idea==human beings naturally motivated by self interest→a balanced system of production and exchange based on mutual benefit
What is a royal colony?
-administered by a royal governor and council that was appointed by the British crown New Hampshire (1708-RW; prev.==proprietary) New York (1685-RW; prev.==joint stock, proprietary), New Jersey (1702-RW; prev.==proprietary), Virginia (1624-RW; prev.==joint stock, chartered), North Carolina (1729-RW; prev.==proprietary), South Carolina (1719-RW; prev.==proprietary), Georgia (1752-RW; prev.==chartered)
What is Mercantilism?
-dominant theory in the 16th-18th century Europe -based on the concept of increasing profits by controlling trade -goal == to increase the country's balance of trade so that more gold and silver would come into the country than go out (more exports than imports). Application: -colonies supplied raw materials to mother country and finished goods were sold back to them.
What is a joint stock colony?
A colony that was formed from the explorations and foundings of a joint stock company. Virginia (Virginia Company), New York (pre-English capture, Dutch East-India Company) **need not exclude a colony from other classifications**
What does stochastic mean, and how does it relate to an economy?
Define: If something is stochastic it... →contains random elements and is hence unpredictable and without a stable pattern or order Economically... -If any variables are probabilistic within a system or model -A given input will not always produce the same output A stochastic economic system is an open economy whose internal environments are affected by random events in the external environment
What was the starving time, and who guided Jamestown through it?
JOHN SMITH
What is qualitative economics?
Qualitative economics refers to representation and analysis of information about the direction of change (+, -, or 0) in some economic variable(s) as related to change of some other economic variable(s). **Must not specify magnitude of change
Why was Virginia named in honor of Queen Elizabeth?
Queen Elizabeth was also known as the "Virgin Queen" for having never married. As she was the one who granted Sir Walter Raleigh permission to explore, he thus chose to honor her by naming the land after her.
What is a proprietary colony?
Territories granted by the English Crown to one or more proprietors who had full governing rights. A proprietor was a person granted full governmental powers over a tract of land. Maryland (1632-RW; always), Pennsylvania (1681-RW; always), Delaware (1681-RW; always)
What was the name of the sought waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
The Northwest Passage
Who was the first female born by English settlers in North America?
Virginia Dare (born 1587 Roanoke)