Earth and atmosphere lecture test two

Desert streams that carry water only in response to specific episodes of rainfall are said to be ____________.

Ephemeral

A _______ represents a former meltwater channel of tunnel in glacial ice that was filled with sand and gravel.

Esker

Ice age glaciers did not have this effect

Extinction of organisms

______ is an irregular, usually thin till layer laid down by retreating glaciers.

Ground moraine

Did not significantly affect climate variations and advances and retreats of ice sheets during the ice age?

Movement of tectonic plates

Glaciers _____ only exist in the northern hemisphere

do not

Fiord

drowned glacial trough

A(n) ________ is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today.

hanging valley

Seawater consists of about ____________ percent (by weight) of dissolved mineral substances.

3.5

Desert and steppe lands cover about what percentage of Earth's land area?

30%

During the most recent ice age, glaciers covered about ________ percent of Earth's land area.

30%

Which one applies to a valley glacier that lengthens over a period of many years?

Accumulation exceeds wastage

Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?

Antarctica

_____________ is the measurement of ocean depths and the charting of the shape of the ocean floor.

Bathymetry

The most notable result of deflation in some places are shallow depressions called __________.

Blowouts

The thickest and most extensive loess deposits occur in western and northern ___________.

China

________ are erosional features produced by valley/alpine glaciers.

Cirques

The layer of rapid salinity change in the ocean is known as the __________.

Halocline

despite once frequent rainfalls, erosional and depositional features of running water are ________ in desert landscapes

Important

bedrock hills in a highly eroded desert landscape

Inselberg

A ____ forms when a block of ice is buried in drift and subsequently melts creating a pit.

Kettle

Which one of the Miriam es listed below is NOT characteristic of continental glaciation?

Lateral moraine

The most prominent feature in the oceans, forming an almost continuous mountain range, are the _________.

Mid-ocean ridges

A name commonly used for a synonym for the ice age is ______?

Pleistocene epoch

Which one of the following bodies has the highest salinity?

Red Sea

The dry regions in the lower latitudes coincide with zones of air pressure called the ____________.

Subtropical highs

Abrasions and Plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

The basal, sliding zone

Materials that have been directly deposited by a glacier are _______.

Till

Downslope movement of dense, sediment-laden water are known as _______ currents.

Turbitity

A _____ cross valley profile is typical of canyons and valleys eroded and deepened by alpine and valley glaciers.

U-shaped valley

A ________ is an erosional feature specifically produced by alpine glaciation.

U-shaped valley

What mature, desert landscape feature consists of coalesced alluvial fans?

bajada

One of the major flow mechanisms in a glacier _____.

basal slip

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

calving

Important mineral deposits, including large reservoirs of oil and natural gas, are associated with

continental shelves

Desert pavement is the result of ________.

deflation

The leeward slope of a dune is called the __________ face.

leeward

Drumlins are

not found singly, but in clusters

A broad accumulation of stratified drift deposited adjacent to the downstream edge of an end moraine is a(n) ________.

outwash plain

Where trenches do not exist, the steep continental slope merges into a more gradual incline known as the continental

rise

drift

sediment of glacial origin

Deep, steep-sided valleys that originate on the continental slope and may extend to the depths of 3 km are referred to as ________________.

submarine canyons

The end moraine that marks the farthest advance of a glacier is called the ____________ moraine.

terminal

the bottom or downward tip of a crevasse marks the

top of the internal deformation and flowage zone

The deepest parts of the ocean are long, narrow features known as deep-water ____________.

trenches

The loess deposited in many parts of the Midwest ________.

was once glacial outwash deposits

A _______ is an intermittent stream channel in the dry land areas of the western United States.

wash