Earth Science 2
Which of the following best describes the term streak?
The color of a powdered form of a mineral produced by rubbing it across a hard surface.
Which of the following best describes mineral habit?
The shape a mineral grows into, given sufficient space.
What happens when atoms bond?
The total energy of the bonded atoms decreases. The bonded atoms become more stable.
Other than space, what two additional factors are significant for a crystal to attain habit?
Time and necessary elements
What mineral is not scratched by a fingernail, but is scratched by a copper penny?
calcite
Quartz exhibits __________.
conchoidal fracture
When is a rock considered an ore? Choose all that apply.
When it contains fluorite or sulfur minerals in sufficient amounts to be extracted profitably. When it contains at least one metallic mineral in sufficient amounts to be extracted profitably
Minerals must be solid, have an orderly atomic structure, have a recognized chemical composition, be naturally occurring, and __________.
be generally inorganic in origin
The amount or quality of light that is reflected from a mineral surface is known as __________.
luster
Since color is not a very useful way to identify a mineral, what other optical property or properties can be used?
luster and streak
Regardless of their size, most rocks are made up of __________.
minerals
Use the choices below to fill in the blanks. Minerals are _________ inorganic _________ that usually possess a crystalline structure and can be represented by a chemical formula.
naturally occurring; solids
Which of the following elements is most common in the Earth's crust?
oxygen
Hardness describes a mineral's __________.
resistance to being scratched Submit
Crystal habit is the shape that a mineral develops by the repetition of __________.
the basic unit cell of a mineral
Hornblende has _____ cleavage planes at _____ angles.
two; non-90 degree
What causes a lack of cleavage in some minerals?
Bonds of equal strength in all directions
Which of the following best describes the term cleavage?
Cleavage is the splitting of minerals along natural planes of weakness.
Which of the following resources are all considered nonrenewable?
Coal, oil and natural gas
Suppose you found a mineral crystal that looked like topaz. What two minerals could you use in a scratch test to help determine if the mineral is indeed topaz?
Corundum and quartz
Which of the following tools is not commonly used to determine the hardness of a mineral on Mohs' scale?
Diamond
Name the hardest and softest mineral on the Moh's scale.
Diamond (hardest) and talc (softest)
What happens when atoms form an ionic bond?
Electrons are transferred to form positively and negatively charged atoms.
What discourages minerals from achieving habit?
Enclosed spaces
Which of the following exhibits three sets of cleavage at 90° angles?
Galena
Why is glass is not considered a mineral?
Glass has a disorderly atomic structure.
Which of the following is an mineral?
Ice, quartz, and gold nugget
What is the basic foundation of Moh's hardness scale?
If a mineral scratches an object, then the mineral is harder than the object.
Which of the following is characteristic of metals? Choose all that apply.
Metals can be drawn into thin wires. Metals can be hammered into thin sheets. Metals are good conductors of electricity.
What are the components of an atom? Choose all that apply.
Protons, electron, and neutrons
Gold has a specific gravity of almost 20. A 5-gallon bucket of water weighs 40 pounds. How much would a 5-gallon bucket of gold weigh?
800
What causes the same mineral to occur in varieties that are different colors?
A small amount of impurities in the crystal structure.
A scientist creates diamonds using high-pressure laboratory experiments. These diamonds are not considered minerals because which of the following requirements has been violated?
Minerals must occur naturally. Submit
Which of the following characteristics describes silicate minerals?
Silicate minerals contain silicon and oxygen.