earth science unit 2 study guide
What is the P wave?
atrial depolarization
Where do earthquakes occur sometimes?
faults
Triangulation is a process to ____________ an earthquake
locate
give me the basic structure of a volcano
magma chamber central vent crater
what type of waves does a seismograph detect ?
p waves and S waves
Where do earthquakes occur?
plate boundaries
tentional stress
pulling apart, extension, stretching
name some benefits of a volcano.
Fertile soil geothermal energy and material construction
Which of the following represents the most powerful earthquake?
Great Chilean, 9.5
What drives mantle convection?
Heat in the deep mantle and core
What is a fold?
rocks bent into curves. typically formed at great depths.
Mercalli intensity scale
scale of earthquake intensity based on what people feel and the extent of damage caused by the earthquake
Shear
to cut
True or False The farther apart the P and S waves are on a seismogram, the farther away is the epicenter of an earthquake.
true
What is a fault?
A break in the earth's crust
What is an S wave?
secondary wave
What is an epicenter?
the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus
Earthquakes can cause
tsunamis and other natural disasters
A seismograph records an earthquake, but scientists do not feel it. The earthquake has a magnitude _____.
< 2.0
Seismograph
A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth
Richter scale
A scale that rates an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.
Mercalli scale
A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place
moment magnitude scale
A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake
plate tectonics
A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
strike-slip fault
A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion.
normal fault
A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust
Can scientist predict when an earthquake will occur ?
No
Name the different types of folds ?
SYncline anticline monocline dome and basin
reverse fault
a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
After an earthquake, additional adjustments can occur along the fault. These adjustments can cause damaging vibrations called _____.
aftershocks
Where does most seismic activity occur?
along tectonic plate boundaries
Tectonic plate movement is created by _____ in the underlying mantle.
convection
The area where rock layers first move along a fault is the _____ of an earthquake.
focus
Earthquakes are the cause of other natural disasters, such as _____.
landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction
which volcano can produce balsamic magma
shield
Richeter Scale
shows the strength of an earthquake
compressional stress
squeezes a rock and shortens a rock body
can scientist predict when a volcano will erupt ?
yes