Earth Science> ch.17
_______ is a chemical compound that is the main constituent most caves formation
calcium carbonate
the ______ is the ground directly above the zone of saturated wetted by water from below
capilary fringe
compared to similar invertebrates on the outside, ______ invertebrates are more likely to have longer antennae.w
caves
a natural material that water does not pass through readily is ______.
clay
rocks that contain many cracks and open spaces between their particles are ______.
porous
if water is safe for drinking and cooking, it is described as ________.
potable water
_______ of groundwater has been practiced successfully by some governments in places where natural recharge cannot keep up with demand.
recharging
the water cycle______ water and _____ it
recycles, purifies
the ground with open spaces above the water table is the ______________.
zone of aeration
the water-filled region below the water table is the ___________.
zone of saturated
how should you know that a layer of rock was permeable?
water will flow though
groundwater accounts for ____ of the earth's fresh water.
30%
the ph of groundwater near the surface is usually ______.
acidic
an ______ is a layer of rock that directs groundwater from one place to another.
aquifer
if a stalactite and stalagmite meet as they grow towards each other, they form a ____
column
hard water
contains dissolved minerals
some _______ scientists link solution-cave formation to the genesis flood
creationary
a bacon, curtain, and shield are all _____.
flowstones
the flow of groundwater is primarily influenced by _______.
gravity
what is water located beneath the earth's surface?
groundwater
_____ water has a high concentration of dissolved calcium and magnesium compounds.
hard
pumice is ______, because the pores are too small.
impermeable
why is a water molecule a good solvent?
its bent shape
a region that has undergone extensive chemical weathering is known as ______ topograpy.
karst
sinkholes, natural bridges, and a streamless valley are all examples of ______.
karst topography
pure water does not have any _____.
minerals
a ______ is located above the main water table and held in place by an impermeable layer.
perched water table
sandstone is _______ to water
permeable
a _____ forms when the roof of a solution cave becomes so thin that it collapses under its own weight.
sinkhole
a ______ is a stone arch that can be formed by the erosion and collapse of a solution cave.
sinkhole
water that is normally low in calcium and magnesium is known as _____ water
soft
secondary mineral deposits found in caves are __________.
speleotherms
a _______ is a professional cave scientist
spetunker
a ____ is a flow of groundwater from the surface of the ground.
spring
generally, the water table is higher in the ____.
spring
a _______ is an icicle-shaped formation of calcium carbonate hanging from a cave ceiling
stalacite
what are some recreational uses for water?
swimming, fishing, cleaning
stalactites ans stalagmites typically take ________.
thousands of years to form.
the______ includes the complete route by which water leaves the oceans by evaporation and then returns to them.
water cycle
what has happened when the groundwater reservoir in an area has been recharged?
water has flowed back into the reservoir
the water level below wihich the ground is saturated is the ______.
water table