Ecology Final Exam Prep

Match the process with the location. a.) Evaporation b.) Precipitation c.) River flow d.) Frozen precipitation

1= d.) Frozen precipitation 2= c.) River flow 3= a.) Evaporation 4= b.) Precipitation

Place the labels in their correct position indicating the different zones. a.) Epipelagic b.) Mesopelagic c.) Bathypelagic d.) Neritic e.) Intertidal f.) Abyssal g.) Hadal

1= e.) Intertidal 2= d.) Neritic 3= a.) Epipelagic 4= b.) Mesopelagic 5= c.) Bathypelagic 6= f.) Abyssal 7= g.) Hadal

Identify the potential changes that could occur in the warbler populations if all of the black-throated green warblers were eliminated from the forest. Select all that apply a.) The population of yellow-rumped warblers would increase due to the elimination of the black throated warblers b.) The bay-breasted warbler population will go extinct due to the increases experienced by the rest of the warbler populations c.) The population of blackburnian warblers will increase due to the greater availability of resources with the elimination of the black-throated warblers d.) The Cape May warbler population will increase slightly as a result of a moderate increase in feeding opportunities

A, C, D

Annual precipitation from 200 to 600 mm, long winter and short summer seasons, often large annual temperature range, landscape dominated by evergreen conifers

Boreal Forest

Very low annual precipitation, prolonged seasonal drought conditions

Desert

Categorize the descriptions of attributes as those found in aquatic communities of high versus low environmental quality. High Quality- Low Quality- a.) High proportion of insectivorous and carnivorous fish b.) High proportion of omnivorous fish c.) High proportion of native fish species d.) High numbers of nonnative fish species e.) Low proportion of fish are diseased or have tumors or deformities f.) High proportion of hybrid fish present g.) Greater fish abundance h.) Greater number of fish species tolerant of poor water quality i.) Low number of fish species

High Quality: a.) High proportion of insectivorous and carnivorous fish c.) High proportion of native fish species e.) Low proportion of fish are diseased or have tumors or deformities g.) Greater fish abundance Low quality: b.) High proportion of omnivorous fish d.) High numbers of nonnative fish species f.) High proportion of hybrid fish present h.) Greater number of fish species tolerant of poor water quality i.) Low number of fish species

Match the environmental variable to the habitat. Mangrove- Saltmarsh- Rocky shore- Kelp forest- Coral reef- a.)Intertidal b.) Variable oxygen c.) Subtidal d.) Marine e.) Estuarine f.) Ample oxygen g.) Temperate h.) Tropical

Mangrove- a, b, h Saltmarsh- b, e, g Rocky Shore- a, f, g Kelp Forest - d, g, f Coral Reef- d, h, f

Summer is hot and dry, winter is moist with cool temperatures for most of the year, periodic fires

Mediterranean woodland and shrubland

Highly variable seasonal precipitation and temperatures depending on altitude

Mountains

Match the description with the appropriate level of biological organization. Organism- Population- Community- Ecosystem- Biosphere- a.)Elephants, lions, and acacia trees b.) All the regions of Earth that support life c.) The community and abiotic conditions d.) A subadult female elephant who is 14 years old e.) An elephant herd composed of 3 males and 7 females

Organism- d.) A subadult female elephant who is 14 years old Population-e.) An elephant herd composed of 3 males and 7 females Community- a.)Elephants, lions, and acacia trees Ecosystem- c.) The community and abiotic conditions Biosphere- b.) All the regions of Earth that support life

Annual precipitation between 600 to over 3000 mm, cold winters with snowfall and warm summers

Temperate Forest

Annual rainfall varies from 300 to 1000 mm, cold winters and very warm summers

Temperate Grasslands

Two genetic clones of an apple tree are grown in a greenhouse until they are large enough to transplant outside. One of the trees is taken to a cool coastal valley with moderate temperatures and the other tree is taken to a hot desert garden. A month later, the optimal temperatures for photosynthesis are measured for the two trees. The tree grown in the cool environment photosynthesized at a maximum rate of about 28oC. The tree grown in the hot environment photosynthesized at a maximum rate at 38oC. These physiological adjustments made by the clones of the apple tree are an example of a.) natural selection. b.) acclimation. c.) genetic regulation. d.) macroclimate. e.) adaptation.

b.) acclimation.

Typically a shallow lake with large quantities of nutrients, high primary productivity, and large phytoplankton populations is __________ in color. a.) deep blue b.) deep green c.) yellow d.) brown e.) red

b.) deep green

All of the following statements are true concerning temperate lakes except a.) fall and spring turnovers involve vertical mixing of temperature stratified waters. b.) during fall and spring turnover, the oxygen rich hypolimnion moves up to the epilimnion. c.) during late fall and early spring, a temperate lake has a uniform water temperature. d.) during the year, the hypolimnion's temperature does not change. e.) fall and spring turnovers involve the wind.

b.) during fall and spring turnover, the oxygen rich hypolimnion moves up to the epilimnion.

Clouds are formed as water vapor cools and condenses. The process that creates water vapor is ____________ a.) precipitation b.) evaporation c.) evaporates d.) consumers e.) lakes and rivers f.) glaciers

b.) evaporation

The highest level of ecological organization focuses on a.) the gene. b.) the biosphere. c.) warbler use of trees. d.) forests. e.) None of the choices are correct.

b.) the biosphere.

A biome is characterized primarily by a.) flora and fauna. b.) temperature and moisture. c.) climate and predominate plant types. d.) global weather patterns. e.) None of the choices are correct.

c.) climate and predominate plant types.

Warm tropical air a.) is dense and sinks. b.) has a low evaporative potential. c.) cools as it ascends. d.) warms as it ascends. e.) meets cool polar air causing precipitation in the tropics.

c.) cools as it ascends.

Nalini Nadkarni's study of tropical and temperate rain forests determined that a.) rain forests have nutrient rich soils. b.) the herbaceous layer determines the nutrient balance. c.) epiphyte mats contain a significant source of nutrients. d.) as one moves up the canopy, species richness decreases. e.) None of the choices are correct.

c.) epiphyte mats contain a significant source of nutrients.

Some of the precipitation that falls over land immediately ___________ a.) precipitation b.) evaporation c.) evaporates d.) consumers e.) lakes and rivers f.) glaciers

c.) evaporates

The major processes moving water through the hydrologic cycle are a.) evaporation, percolation, and melting. b.) evaporation, precipitation, and melting. c.) evaporation, precipitation, and flow. d.) evaporation, percolation, and flow. e.) precipitation, evaporation, and hydrothermal vents.

c.) evaporation, precipitation, and flow.

Eutrophic lakes are characterized by a.) high oxygen content. b.) cool temperatures. c.) high nutrient levels d.) deep and clear waters. e.) low biological productivity.

c.) high nutrient levels

Physiological ecologists study a.) nutrient cycling and energy flow through ecosystems. b.) exchanges of materials, energy, and organisms between communities . c.) physiological and anatomical mechanisms by which organisms deal with variation in their physical and chemical environment. d.) physiological and anatomical mechanisms by which organisms deal with variation in their social environment. e.) None of the choices are correct.

c.) physiological and anatomical mechanisms by which organisms deal with variation in their physical and chemical environment.

A biome is defined by a.) soil depth and rainfall patterns of a particular area. b.) the community of animals found in a given region. c.) the predominant plants associated with particular climates. d.) air circulation patterns in a given area as determined by the Earth's rotation. e.) average elevation of a particular region.

c.) the predominant plants associated with particular climates.

Observe the photograph of a marine environment. Which of the following statements about this environment is true? a.) It is found in a wide range of latitudes from 0-60° N and S. b.) It is a kelp forest. c.) It is restricted to cool climates well below its upper temperature limits. d.) It is among the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the biosphere e.) It is readily found in deep waters beneath the photic zone.

d.)

What percentage of the earth's water supply is freshwater in rivers, lakes, and actively exchanged groundwater? a.) 97% b.) 71% c.) 2% d.) <1% e.) None of the choices are correct.

d.) <1%

Earth's climatic variation is due to a.) the spherical shape of the earth. b.) earth's axial rotation as it orbits the sun. c.) uneven heating of the earth's surface. d.) All of the choices are correct e.) None of the choices are correct.

d.) All of the choices are correct

Which of the following survival mechanisms help animals survive very cold temperatures? a.) Hibernation b.) Countercurrent heat exchange c.) Basking d.) Both hibernation and countercurrent heat exchange e.) Both countercurrent heat exchange and basking

d.) Both hibernation and countercurrent heat exchange

Which soil horizon is most influenced by climate? a.) A b.) B c.) C d.) O e.) All are equally influenced.

d.) O

Which of the following terrestrial biomes are maintained by fires? a.) Tropical dry forests b.) Temperate forests and mountains c.) Mediterranean woodlands and shrublands d.) Tropical savannas and temperate grasslands e.) Boreal forests and tundra

d.) Tropical savannas and temperate grasslands

Mammalian and avian aquatic endotherms use all of the following mechanisms to thermoregulate except a.) fat b.) internal respiratory systems c.) fur or feathers d.) concurrent heat exchange e.) countercurrent heat exchange

d.) concurrent heat exchange

Precipitation over land can be used by__________ as a source of water. a.) precipitation b.) evaporation c.) evaporates d.) consumers e.) lakes and rivers f.) glaciers

d.) consumers

Robert MacArthur's observations on the Warblers of North America indicate that they a.) are fiercely competitive. b.) cannot coexist. c.) reduce competition by feeding during different times of the day. d.) reduce competition by feeding in different zones. e.) both are fiercely competitive and cannot coexist.

d.) reduce competition by feeding in different zones.

The pioneering work of Nalini Nadkarni in rain forest ecology revealed that a.) epiphyte mats in some tropical forests contain nutrient quantities equal to the nutrient content of the canopy foliage. b.) the epiphyte mass in temperate rain forests may be four times the mass of leaves on their host tree. c.) in both temperate and tropical rain forests, trees obtain nutrients by extending roots into epiphyte mats. d.) the epiphyte mass in temperate rain forests may be four times the mass of leaves on their host tree and in both temperate and tropical rain forests, trees obtain nutrients by extending roots into epiphyte mats. e.) All of the choices are correct.

d.) the epiphyte mass in temperate rain forests may be four times the mass of leaves on their host tree and in both temperate and tropical rain forests, trees obtain nutrients by extending roots into epiphyte mats

Ecology is best defined as a.) the study of human activity. b.) the study of the environment. c.) the study of the behavior of individual organisms. d.) the study of relationships between organisms and the environment.

d.) the study of relationships between organisms and the environment.

The thermal neutral zone of a homeothermic animal is a.) the temperature range at which conductive heat gain and convective heat loss are equal. b.) the temperature range at which psychrophilic and thermophilic enzymes are both operating. c.) the temperature range at which the metabolizable energy intake equals metabolizable energy output. d.) the temperature range over which the metabolic rate does not change. e.) None of the choices are correct.

d.) the temperature range over which the metabolic rate does not change.

Ecologists study a.) communities. b.) ecosystems. c.) individual organisms. d.) populations. e.) All of the choices are correct

e.) All of the choices are correct

Atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns are influenced by which of the following? a.) Rising and sinking of warm and cool air masses b.) Uneven heating of the earth's surface and atmosphere by the sun c.) Differential ability of cool and warm air masses to hold water vapor d.) Coriolis effect e.) All of the choices are correct.

e.) All of the choices are correct.

Much of the precipitation that falls on land creates ___________________ that returns water back to the ocean. a.) precipitation b.) evaporation c.) evaporates d.) consumers e.) lakes and rivers f.) glaciers

e.) lakes and rivers

__________ are aerial plants that obtain nutrients from trapped organic matter.

epiphytes

T/F: At 30° latitude there is ample precipitation in all seasons, with extreme seasonal variation in temperatures.

false

T/F: Field studies and laboratory studies are mutually exclusive.

false

T/F: Human impact on the oceans has always been greater than on other parts of the biosphere.

false

T/F: When calculating the Index of Biological Diversity, a high proportion of carnivores would indicate low environmental quality.

false

T/F: Cold air holds more moisture than warm air.

false

t/F: As air descends it cools down and picks up moisture, making the air more humid.

false

Complete the equation for photosynthesis by placing the substrate or end product in the correct position. 6 ________ + 12________ →→→→ ___________ + 6 __________+6 H2O a.) H2O b.) CO2 c.) C6H12O6 d.) O2

first blank: CO2 second blank: H2O Third blank: C6H12O6 fourth blank: O2

T/F: Stable isotope analysis uses variation in element masses to better understand ecological phenomena

true

T/F: Sunlight is more direct and intense at the equator than at the poles

true

T/F: Tropical rainforests near the equator are characterized by high levels of annual rainfall and relatively constant annual temperatures

true

Name the Biome: Moderate annual rainfall, pronounced dry season, variation in annual temperature

Tropical Dry Forest

Moderate annual rainfall, alternating dry and wet seasons, moderate variation in annual temperature, fire is common

Tropical Savanna

Match each terrestrial biome with the correct description. Tropical Savanna- Tropical Dry Forest- Tundra- Mountains- Desert- Tropical Rain Forest- Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland- Temperate Grassland- Boreal Forest- Temperate Forest- a.) Forests with high biological diversity b.) Plants and animals of forest adapted to periods of dormancy during dry season c.) Plants mainly herbaceous and survive hot and cold seasons. Grazers common d.) Deciduous and conifer forest that contains animals adapted to hot and cold seasons e.) Plants and animals vary with location and elevation f.) Fire is prevalent, has dry and wet seasons, and is home to diverse migrating animal grazers g.) Sparse plant cover and many animals employ behaviors to conserve water h.) Trees and shrubs often evergreen and drought- and fire-resistant I.) Dominated by forests of conifers and animals such as moose and caribou j.) Herbaceous grasses, sedges, mosses, and lichens support large numbers of mammals

Tropical Savanna- f.) Fire is prevalent, has dry and wet seasons, and is home to diverse migrating animal grazers Tropical Dry Forest- b.) Plants and animals of forest adapted to periods of dormancy during dry season Tundra- j.) Herbaceous grasses, sedges, mosses, and lichens support large numbers of mammals Mountains- e.) Plants and animals vary with location and elevation Desert- g.) Sparse plant cover and many animals employ behaviors to conserve water Mediterranean Woodland and Shrubland- h.) Trees and shrubs often evergreen and drought- and fire-resistant Temperate Grassland- c.) Plants mainly herbaceous and survive hot and cold seasons. Grazers common Boreal Forest- I.) Dominated by forests of conifers and animals such as moose and caribou Temperate Forest- d.) Deciduous and conifer forest that contains animals adapted to hot and cold seasons Tropical Rain Forest-a.) Forests with high biological diversity

Name the Biome: Very abundant annual rainfall, relatively stable year-round temperatures

Tropical rainforest

T/F: Critical habitat protection for endangered species brings together the studies of adaptations of species, community through geographic levels of ecology, and global ecology.

True

T/F: Even though ecologists would like to study isolated levels of the environment, that would be difficult since all levels are interconnected.

True

T/F: Proximity to large bodies of water moderates terrestrial temperatures.

True

T/F: Temperate and tropical rain forest trees extract nutrients from epiphytic mats.

True

T/F: The oceans are the largest water reservoir on the planet.

True

T/F: Two sides of a mountain range can have very different climate and plant communities, even at the same elevation and latitude.

True

T/F: Warm air rises

True

T/F: When air cools down it releases moisture in the form of precipitation.

True

T/F: As air rises in the atmosphere it cools down.

True

Low annual precipitation from 200 to 600 mm, permafrost, short summer season with soggy ground, grasses, mosses, and lichens dominate

Tundra

Identify all of the factors that contribute to microclimatic differences. Check all that apply a.) Altitude b.) Color of the ground c.) Types of consumers in the community d.) Presence of boulders and burrows e.) Relative latitude

a.) Altitude b.) Color of the ground d.) Presence of boulders and burrows

Identify the reason why it is difficult for an endothermic organism to survive in an aquatic environment a.) Aquatic environments are often cooler and convection will make it more difficult for the organism to maintain body temperature. b.) The salinity levels in the aquatic environment will require a specialized urinary system in order for the organism to prevent osmosis from occurring. c.) The aquatic environment will place a greater amount of pressure on the body of an endothermic organism compared to the body of an ectothermic organism. d.) Aquatic environments cause endothermic organisms to lose body temperature due to conduction of temperatures.

a.) Aquatic environments are often cooler and convection will make it more difficult for the organism to maintain body temperature.

Getting up from your chair you realize that it is warm. What is the method of heat exchange? a.) Conduction b.) Convection c.) Evaporation d.) Radiation e.) None of the choices are correct.

a.) Conduction

How does the skunk cabbage maintain the temperature of its inflorescence 15°C to 35°C above air ambient temperature? a.) Metabolizing starch at a very high rate b.) Orienting the inflorescence perpendicular to the sun's rays c.) Maintaining a bowl shape which reflects and concentrates solar energy d.) Maintaining a cushion shape e.) Extending its inflorescence along the ground to maximize conductive heat gain

a.) Metabolizing starch at a very high rate

Which aquatic area would be least impacted by human activity? a.) Open ocean b.) Freshwater river c.) Coastal waters d.) Salt marshes

a.) Open ocean

What is ecology? a.) The study of relationships between organisms and the environment b.) The study of animal and plant population interactions c.) The study of the abiotic portion of the environment d.) The study of the biosphere e.) The study of environmental change

a.) The study of relationships between organisms and the environment

Explain how urbanization generally creates a "heat island". a.) Urbanized areas store more heat in buildings and pavement and lose less heat to evaporation from vegetation. b.) Pavement and roads are heated by traffic and exhaust from motor vehicles. c.) Trees in cities lose less heat by evaporative cooling because their roots are paved over. d.) Underground septic systems heat the ground enough to change air temperatures.

a.) Urbanized areas store more heat in buildings and pavement and lose less heat to evaporation from vegetation.

The Great Lakes are troubled with invasive species. Which of the following aquatic organisms is considered invasive? a.) Zebra mussels b.) Trout c.) Darters d.) All of the choices are considered invasive. e.) None of the choices are considered invasive.

a.) Zebra mussels

Interpret the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) plotted for the years 1979 to 2004 in Kansas region 3 by correctly labelling the regions of the graph with the statements below. a.) average conditions b) wet conditions c.) Period of drought

a.) average conditions = 3 b) wet conditions = 1 c.) Period of drought = 2

The thermal stability of aquatic environments is a result of the _________ a.) high specific heat of water b.) low latent heat of vaporization of water c.) low latent heat of fusion of water d.) All of the choices are correct. e.) both high specific heat of water and low latent heat of vaporization of water

a.) high specific heat of water

The study of natural history focuses on a.) how factors such as climate or evolutionary history influences the organisms in a particular area. b.) the interactions between organisms and the abiotic environment. c.) the evolutionary relationships between organisms in a particular area. d.) the number of species living in a certain area.

a.) how factors such as climate or evolutionary history influences the organisms in a particular area.

The most significant photosynthetic inhabitants of the upper epipelagic zone of the open ocean are a.) phytoplankton. b.) zooplankton. c.) kelp. d.) coral. e.) zooxanthellae.

a.) phytoplankton.

The major source of water for groundwater is ______________ a.) precipitation b.) evaporation c.) evaporates d.) consumers e.) lakes and rivers f.) glaciers

a.) precipitation

All of the following statements concerning oligotrophic lakes are true except a..) warm temperatures b.) low nutrients. c.) high oxygen content. d.) deep and clear waters. e.) low biological productivity.

a..) warm temperatures

Observe the photograph below. Which of the following is true about the aquatic environment depicted below? a.) It is an estuarine habitat. b.) Chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis provides energy at the base of the food web. c.) It is devoid of life. d.) It is nutrient poor.

b.)

Choose the statement that best defines the Palmer Drought Severity Index a.) A quantitative index of drought in a region that uses temperature to calculate moisture conditions relative to long-term averages. b.) A quantitative index of drought in a region that uses temperature and precipitation to calculate moisture conditions relative to long-term averages. c.) A qualitative index of drought in a region that uses field measurements of soil conditions to calculate moisture conditions relative to long-term averages. d.) The mean annual precipitation divided by the mean annual high temperature of a given region.

b.) A quantitative index of drought in a region that uses temperature and precipitation to calculate moisture conditions relative to long-term averages.

This biome is located at about 30° N and S latitudes, rainfall is less than 30 cm a year, and mean temperatures may exceed 30°C during the day. a.) Temperate grassland b.) Desert c.) Tropical dry forest d.) Tundra e.) Tropical savanna

b.) Desert

Which of the following levels of organization is/are correctly ordered? a.) Population, ecosystem, landscape, individual, interaction b.) Individual, population, interaction, community, ecosystem c.) Biosphere, landscape, individual, community, interaction d.) Ecosystem, landscape, region, interaction, population e.) None of the choices are correct.

b.) Individual, population, interaction, community, ecosystem

Which U.S. law protects endangered species? a.) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species b.) The Endangered Species Act c.) The Species Protection Act d.) The Protection and Care of Species Act

b.) The Endangered Species Act

Choose the names of the nine major terrestrial biomes from the list below. Check all that apply. a.) Riparian forest b.) Tropical savanna c.) Mangrove forest d.) Desert and tundra e.) Mediterranean woodland and shrubland f.) Tropical dry forest and tropical rain forest g.) Boreal forest h.) Temperate forest and temperate grasslands

b.) Tropical savanna d.) Desert and tundra e.) Mediterranean woodland and shrubland f.) Tropical dry forest and tropical rain forest g.) Boreal forest h.) Temperate forest and temperate grasslands

Match the research project information to the ecological level it will help guide future research projects within. Ecosystem ecology- Community ecology- landscape ecology- biosphere ecology- a. ) An increase in the great white shark population off the coast of South Africa is the result of the increase in seals. b.)New research indicates that the shellfish populations throughout the Mississippi River have decreased by 46% due to invasive Asian carp c.) Invasive lionfish coupled with with a decrease in coral diversity due to climate change have caused the biodiversity of the Caribbean to decrease. d.) The temperate deciduous forests of the Midwest have had their range decrease as a result of climate change.

Ecosystem ecology- b.)New research indicates that the shellfish populations throughout the Mississippi River have decreased by 46% due to invasive Asian carp Community ecology- a. ) An increase in the great white shark population off the coast of South Africa is the result of the increase in seals. landscape ecology- d.) The temperate deciduous forests of the Midwest have had their range decrease as a result of climate change. biosphere ecology- c.) Invasive lionfish coupled with with a decrease in coral diversity due to climate change have caused the biodiversity of the Caribbean to decrease.

Match the following types of ecological study with their area of specialty. Ecosystem ecology- Community ecology- Geographic ecology- Population ecology- Physiological ecology- a.) Focuses on how the environment influences the form and function of an organism b.) Studies focus on interactions between species, such as competition and predation. c.) Study of a group of individuals of a single species d.) Studies mainly focus on the interactions between the environment and multispecies systems e.) Studies large-scale and long-term regional processes.

Ecosystem ecology- d.) Studies mainly focus on the interactions between the environment and multispecies systems Community ecology- b.) Studies focus on interactions between species, such as competition and predation. Geographic ecology- e.) Studies large-scale and long-term regional processes. Population ecology- c.) Study of a group of individuals of a single species Physiological ecology- a.) Focuses on how the environment influences the form and function of an organism

Knowledge of one level of ecological organization can help guide research at other levels of organization. Nalini Nadkarni's research spanned many levels of ecological organization to study the rain forest canopy. Match the statements with the correct level of ecological organization it represents. Ecosystem- Community- Organism- a.)Epiphyte mats contain quantities of nutrients equal to almost half the mass found in leaves of rainforest trees b.) Rainforest trees have the ability to grow aerial roots in high branches and trunks. c.) Epiphyte mats of orchids, ferns, and organic matter provide nutrient stores for rainforest trees and habitat for animals.

Ecosystem- a.)Epiphyte mats contain quantities of nutrients equal to almost half the mass found in leaves of rainforest trees Community- c.) Epiphyte mats of orchids, ferns, and organic matter provide nutrient stores for rainforest trees and habitat for animals. Organism- b.) Rainforest trees have the ability to grow aerial roots in high branches and trunks

Drag and drop each item to the correct type of thermoregulation. Endotherm- Ectotherm- a.) Polar bears b.) Bluefin tuna c.) Trout d.) Food intake is greater e.) Lizards f.) Low metabolic rate g.) Ducks h.) Temperature regulation through behavior i.) Bumblebee j.) Sweating may be used to dissipate heat k.) Most insects l.) Temperature conforms to environment

Endotherm- a.) Polar bears g.) Ducks j.) Sweating may be used to dissipate heat d.) Food intake is greater i.) Bumblebee b.) Bluefin tuna Ectotherm: c.) Trout f.) Low metabolic rate h.) Temperature regulation through behavior l.) Temperature conforms to environment e.) Lizards k.) Most insects

Match each term with the correct example. Estivation- Torpor- Hibernation- a.) A small bird enters a state of low metabolic rate and lowered body temperature at night b.) A ground squirrel is in its tunnel underground in a state of reduced metabolic rate for 4 months of the winter. c.) A tropical primate enters a state of reduced metabolic rate for one month in summer in a tree burrow

Estivation- c.) A tropical primate enters a state of reduced metabolic rate for one month in summer in a tree burrow Torpor- a.) A small bird enters a state of low metabolic rate and lowered body temperature at night hibernation- b.) A ground squirrel is in its tunnel underground in a state of reduced metabolic rate for 4 months of the winter.

Populations changing genetically over time in response to variation in their environments is termed __________.

Evolution

T/F: Margaret Davis' studies on lake pollen sediments indicate that the forests of eastern North America did not change with the changing climate.

False

T/F: Warm, wet air circulates away from the equator as dry cool air comes up behind it.

False

You and a friend are having a debate about how biomes should be defined. She thinks consumers should be equally as important as plants in defining a biome, while you think plants should be the most important biotic factor. What statements below are accurate and support your side of the debate? Check all that apply a.) All consumers are also producers of energy and should therefore be as important as plants in defining a biome. b.)Climate is the most important abiotic factor for defining biomes, and the dominant types of plants in a region depend primarily upon the region's climate. c.) Plants are the basis of all terrestrial life and therefore the species of consumers that inhabit a biome depends directly on the plant community. d.) Plants are subject to selective pressure, resulting in similar functional traits for unrelated plants within the same biome.

b.)Climate is the most important abiotic factor for defining biomes, and the dominant types of plants in a region depend primarily upon the region's climate. c.) Plants are the basis of all terrestrial life and therefore the species of consumers that inhabit a biome depends directly on the plant community.

Bottom dwelling aquatic organisms are called __________.

benthic

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the biome depicted in the graph below. a.)It is mostly found around 30 degrees north and south latitude. b) It is found on the western side, but not the eastern side of the Americas. c.) It is always very hot. d.) It contains a variety of drought resistant plants.

c.

Tropical dry forests are located between a.) 0° and 10° north and south latitudes. b.) 0° and 25° south latitude. c.) 10° and 25° north and south latitudes. d.) 10° and 25° south latitude. e.) None of the choices are correct.

c.) 10° and 25° north and south latitudes.

Aeroecology is an interdisciplinary study of the ecology of organisms that function in which environment for their existence? a.) Marine environment b.) Turbulent water boundary layer c.) Earth-atmosphere boundary layer d.) Soil environment e.) Cave environment

c.) Earth-atmosphere boundary layer

Which of the following statements below demonstrates the interactions between ecological areas and processes? a.) The smallest level, the biosphere, is where we can see exchanges of materials, energy, and organisms. b.) Landscape ecology, the largest level of organization, has all of the areas on Earth that support life. c.) Exchanges between ecosystems leads to the level of landscape ecology. d.) Geographic ecology includes the exchanges between ecosystems leading to the level of landscape ecology.

c.) Exchanges between ecosystems leads to the level of landscape ecology.

A population of sparrows is relocated from its native location at 50 meters above sea level to a new location 1500 meters above sea level. After a few weeks, the sparrows have acclimated to their new, lower oxygen environment. Would you expect the babies born after this time to go through their own acclimation period? a.) No, because the changes induced by their parents' acclimation will be passed on to them. b.) No, because the babies are born at 1500 meters, it is their native habitat and they will not need to acclimate. c.) Yes, because the changes induced by their parents' acclimation will be not passed on to them.

c.) Yes, because the changes induced by their parents' acclimation will be not passed on to them.