Ecosystems - Addi 7th Grade Science

Decomposer

All living things need food. Some organisms make their own food. Others eat food. Can you classify these organisms based on how they obtain nutrients and food? Bacteria

Producer

All living things need food. Some organisms make their own food. Others eat food. Can you classify these organisms based on how they obtain nutrients and food? Grass

Herbivore

All living things need food. Some organisms make their own food. Others eat food. Can you classify these organisms based on how they obtain nutrients and food? Rabbit

Carnivore

All living things need food. Some organisms make their own food. Others eat food. Can you classify these organisms based on how they obtain nutrients and food? Snake

Mutualism

An Egyptian plover eating bugs off of a giraffe or rhino have this type of interspecies interaction

Prey

An animal that is killed and eaten by another animal.

Predator

plankton → forage fish → seals → polar bear: This is one possible food chain found in the arctic. What is the role of the polar bear in this ecosystem?

Ecosystem

Populations and abiotic factors with which they interact in the setting of a community.

Food Web

A representation of the linkages between food chains in a community.

Parasitism

A tapeworm living in the digestive system of a horse have this type of interspecies interaction

Parasitism

A tick living on a dog drinking its blood have this type of interspecies interaction

Stays Constant

The amount of matter that cycles through a food web

Habitat

The area where an organism lives its life including the living and nonliving factors.

Chickens that eat seeds and insects

The graph shows information about the eating habits of raccoons living in areas near water. A rancher is concerned about competition between the ranch animals and the raccoons. Based on the graph, which animals compete for the most food with raccoons?

Sun

The original source of energy for the pyramid is the

It is decomposed by decomposers and brought back into the food chain later

What happens to any matter that is not used by consumers in a food chain?

Tertiary Consumer

What is 1

Secondary Consumer

What is 2

Primary Consumer

What is 3

Consumer

What is 4

Producer

What is 5

The energy pyramid will be completely disturbed

What is the MOST LIKELY effect on the energy pyramid if all producers are removed from the ecosystem?

Predation

A bear catching and eating a salmon from a river have this type of interspecies interaction

Predation

A bobcat catching and eating a rabbit have this type of interspecies interaction

Mutualism

A clownfish living in the tenacles of an anemone provides nutrients to the anemone and the clownfish is protected from predators have this type of interspecies interaction

Vines are more likely to climb trees in areas where plants have to compete for sunlight

A group of scientist studied the growth of parasitic vines growing on trees in two different areas of the same rainforest. The scientists observed that the tallest trees located in the densely packed area of the rainforest were more likely to have vines than the trees located in the sparse areas on the edge of the rainforest where trees are more spaced out. This graph shows the scientists' data. Which inference is best supported by this information?

Energy decreases from bottom to top because some is used at each level for life processes

An ecological pyramid is sometimes used to show both the flow of matter and energy in an ecosystem. The pyramid narrows as matter and energy flow from the bottom to the top. Draw a conclusion about what this pyramid tells you about the energy in this ecosystem.

Host

An organism that harbors a parasite, mutual partner, or commensal partner, typically providing nourishment and shelter.

Mutualism

Bees gathering nectar and then spreading pollen from a flower have this type of interspecies interaction

Commensalism

Birds that live among cattle to eat insects stirred up by grazing have this type of interspecies interaction

45-50 meters

Plants in the rainforest have to compete for light. Different plants have different optimal photosynthetic requirements based on height. The graph below shows the height ranges of four plants. At which height range will there be the least competition for sunlight for the Brazil nut tree?

Producer-Herbivore

In the ecosystem, organisms have relationships to help them survive. What type of relationship do these have: acorn-squirrel

Predator-Prey

In the ecosystem, organisms have relationships to help them survive. What type of relationship do these have: cat-mouse

Producer-Herbivore

In the ecosystem, organisms have relationships to help them survive. What type of relationship do these have: clover-rabbit

Parasite-Host

In the ecosystem, organisms have relationships to help them survive. What type of relationship do these have: flea-dog

Predator-Prey

In the ecosystem, organisms have relationships to help them survive. What type of relationship do these have: snake-rabbit

Parasite-Host

In the ecosystem, organisms have relationships to help them survive. What type of relationship do these have: tick-deer

The grass will not grow as well

Look at the diagram of the food web. Fungi and bacteria are at the bottom of the food web. What would MOST LIKELY happen to the grass if most of the fungi and bacteria die?

Grasshoppers use up much of their energy for life processes

The snake does not get as much energy from eating the same amount of food as the grasshopper. The statement that best explains why this is true is

grass-->grasshopper-->fish-->human

The transfer of energy from one organism to the next in an ecosystem begins with a producer. A producer is an organism that produces its own food. A consumer is an organism in a food chain that obtains energy from producers or other consumers; consumers may be herbivores or carnivores. Which food chain correctly describes the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

Community

These are the groups of plants and animals that interact within an ecosystem.

water

This aquarium exhibits biotic and abiotic factors in an aquatic environment. One of the abiotic factors is

Energy Pyramid

This display graphically shows the energy that is available at each trophic level in a food chain.

Food Chain

This is a path for the transfer of matter and energy through an ecosystem by eating and being eaten.

Decomposers

This is a wetland food web. When the organisms you see here die, they become food for ____________, which help recycle matter back into the food web.

Predator

This is an animal that lives by preying on other animals.

Symbiosis

This is an interdependent relationship between two different species.

Decomposer

This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.

Consumer

This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; also called a heterotroph.

Producer

This is an organism that supplies matter and energy, also known as an autotroph.

Parasite

This is an organism which feeds on, but usually does not kill, a larger organism.

Mutualism

This is the interaction of two organisms where both benefit.

Commensalism

This is the interaction of two organisms where one is helped and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

Niche

This is the role of a species in an ecosystem, consisting of such things as what it eats, when it eats, and where it lives.

Commensalism

This is the skin of a whale that lives in the arctic and these are barnacles that have attached themselves to the whale. In this relationship, the barnacles derive benefit. There is not benefit or harm to the whale. What do we call the relationship that exists between the whale and the barnacles?

Consumers and carnivores

Zebra mussels are small freshwater mussels from Russia. These mussels have been accidentally introduced to lakes and streams in the U.S. from boats. Zebra mussels eat large amounts of algae and damage other native species of mussel. Which types of native organisms do zebra mussels most likely compete with for food sources?