EDE 3223: Test 1: Middle School Development & Diversity

Describe what is meant by the term "emotional intelligence".

emotional intelligence deals with five dimensions which we do in schools. the five dimensions are : - self awareness - handling emotions - motivation - empathy - social skills

_________________ is an essential attribute that deals with providing all students with the knowledge and skills they need to take responsibility for their lives, to address life's challenges, to function successfully at all levels of society, and to be creators of knowledge.

empowering

______________________ is an essential attribute that deals with advocating for and assuring every student's right to learn and providing appropriately challenging and relevant learning opportunities for every student.

equitable

Who starts puberty first - males or females?

females

Young adolescents may be ___________________, yet need to seek meaningful relationships with adults.

fiercely independent

________________ is when the adolescent can reason abstractly and think in hypothetical terms.

formal operational

__________________________ is what it means to be a women or a man, deals sexual orientiation and sexual identity.

gender identity

emotions run _________________ and inhibition is ______________.

higher lower

_______________ influence emotions.

hormones

____________________ is how we would like to be

ideal self

__________________________ = the idea everyone is looking at them, can make students want privacy, be shy nor embarrassed.

imaginary audience

·What causes the awkwardness/clumsiness often associated with young adolescents?

This is because they are growing at different rates and can throw off balance.

According to the text, developing positive self-esteem may prove to be especially difficult for which broad category of students? a.) girls b.) rural students c.) boys d.) minorities

d.) minorities

the four essential attributes of successful middle school education can be realized and achieve best through programs and practices that are ________________.

in line with 16 characteristics.

_____________________ deals with: - random bursts of physical activity - timing is off- restlessness and fatigue - changes in basal metabolism - hormal changes - sleep patterns are a mess - possibly more likely to make risky decisions - impacts learning - implications for schools tart times

increased energy

_________________ is a type of development that deals with: - becoming - intellectual development issues - concrete - abstract thinking - metacognition

intellectual development

list the five broad developmental perspectives:

physical intellectual emotional social character development

____________ is a type of development that deals with: - being self-conscious - mismatched parts - puberty - sexual maturity - timing - physical development issues

physical development

What begins to become a major stress for adolescents in terms of social development?

they can become acutely aware of others around them most specifically their peers. they develop an exaggerated view of themselves, thinking everyones attention is on them.

Why/how does physical development impact student behavior?

this can change and impact student behavior because they are having a lot of physical changes as well as mental and emotional changes in their brain.

an example of assimilation:

when a student calls a horse a zebra

Why would it be important to maybe allow students to sit in unusual postures?

students at this age have aloof of energy and need to move or they may get pain in their tailbone because they are growing.

What factors contribute to the onset of puberty?

age, genetics, obesity, stress, economics

Along with puberty comes sexual maturation. About what age do students begin to experience sexual attraction?

around 8-13 and above in girls and 10-15 for boys

_____________ is when one is able to fit a new experience into existing.

assimilation

schema is a ___________.

assimilation

Piaget believes that __________ and __________ are two important processes for human cognition development and that knowledge construction is the application of already formed cognitive system that confer meaning in present circumstances.

assimilation and accommodation

lower _________ span than elementary school.

attention

self esteem is your general ________________ toward yourself-extent to which we accept or approve of ourselves.

attitiude

What do we call recognition that our country consists of people of different cultures, ethnicities, and races who work toward a common goal of freedom? a.) diversity vision b)cultural pluralism c.) assimilation d.) multicultural education

b)cultural pluralism

Which statement is NOT true of learning styles theory? a.) Teachers need to analyze their own styles of learning. b.) In recent years researchers have validated learning style theory. c.) In recent years researchers have tended to invalidate learning style theory. d.) Learning styles determine our approaches to intelligences.

b.) In recent years researchers have validated learning style theory.

Which statement is not part of the newer view of intelligence? a.) Intelligence is difficult to numerically quantify. b.) Intelligence is fixed. c.) Intelligence can be developed. d.) Intelligence is measured in real life situations.

b.) Intelligence is fixed.

Which of the following statements is not true about gender? a.) Currently there is an impression that boys are in crisis. b.) Learning difficulty issues are most subtle with boys. c.) Girls are now out-performing boys in some academic areas. d.) Some believe that single-gender classes may be the answer to meeting the learning needs of boys and girls.

b.) Learning difficulty issues are most subtle with boys.

The most prominent school setting is a.) Rural b.) Suburban c.) Public d.) Urban

b.) Suburban

Which statement is NOT true of magnet schools? a.) They often create diversity by drawing in student from a variety of settings. b.) They are not public schools. c.) They employ teachers who are experts in particular areas. d.) They usually have a particular emphasis.

b.) They are not public schools.

Which is the most valid reason for teachers to understand the nine multiple intelligences? a.) To speak with parents about their child's strengths and weaknesses. b.) To recognize and appreciate student differences. c.) To plan for separate reading groups. d.) To more thoroughly respond to standardized questionnaires.

b.) To recognize and appreciate student differences.

All of the following are things bystanders can do to help prevent bullying except a.) Tell the bully to stop. b.) Walk away, determined to never be involved in bullying. c.) Don't join in or in any way encourage the bullying. d.) Ask the bullied person to join you and then leave the scene.

b.) Walk away, determined to never be involved in bullying.

Small groups designed to create close relationships among students and between an adult and students is referred to as a.) peer mediation. b.) adivsory c.) counseling group. d.) homeroom

b.) adivsory

Students of mixed race are likely to a.) be more shy in a school setting. b.) feel pressure to identify with only one of their backgrounds. c.) engender sensitive treatment by the mainstream culture. d;) engender sensitive treatment by minority groups.

b.) feel pressure to identify with only one of their backgrounds.

_______________________ = unable to infer accurately the perspective of others. this child attributes to them his or her own perspective instead focus on self to excess of others.

egocentrism

_____________________ is a type of development that deals with: - variety of emotions - interrelatedness - worry

emotional development

____________________ is a major shift in the intellectual development of middle level students that is their newly acquired ability to think about their own thinking.

metacognition

brain development continues until _______.

mid 20s

the domains are most ________________ by students have the most influence.

valued

Which development area strongly influences the ability to pay attention and retain information, according to recent brain research? a.) character b.) physical c.) emotional d.) social

c.) emotional

list the differnt domains of self-concept:

- academic verbal - academic mathematic - parent relations - same-sex - opposite sex - etc.

Discuss the character traits mentioned in the text.

- are concerned about fairness. - ask unanswerable questions - need support, but seldom ask for it - make poor decisions as a result of their strong need for peer acceptance.

what are some issues that go along with emotional development?

- because emotions may occur suddenly and without warning, self-regulation is very difficult. - because of emotional variability, young adolescents may be at high risk of making poor decisions. - some incidences and events trigger emotions to the point of disruption of the learning process.

list the 16 characteristics that are best for essential attributes of successful middle school education in these three categories.

- curriculum, instruction and assessment - leadership and organization - culture and community

intellectual development can disrupt _______.

- decision making - planning - inhibiting inapporporate behavior/self-regulation - social interaction/ understanding others - self-awareness

to guide and support students in their quest to achieve their 13 goals, educational programs for young adolescents should be:

- developmentally responsive - challenging - empowering - equitable

what does schemas matter?

- it is what knowledge our students come to school with and that varies. - it is why we activate prior knowledge before we teach and why we try to figure out what students know and don't about a given topic. - can be challenging because sometimes schemas story incorrect information such as steryotypes.

how can you support positive self-esteem and self-concept?

- make sure praise is earned - be careful on healthy competetition - get to know students - set realistic goals

what are the issues students pay experience with physical development?

- middle school students need info about physical development. - physical changes affect behavior. - rapid growth requires increased and balanced nutrition. - young adolescents should not be stereotyped according to physical characteristics - many girls will experience the first signs of a menstrual period during the school day. - some middle level students (not just girls) feel a compulsion to check themselves out visually on a regular basis. - overactive glands may cause difficulties.

Describe young adolescents and their development:

- middle school years represent a unique and significant period of human development. - young adolescents are in a world of their own and are very aware of their surroundings- the places, people, and things that make up their world.

list the social construction of adolescence:

- physical - intelectual - social - emotional - character

examples of scaffolding teachers can do:

- preaching vocabulary - using visual aids - tap into prior knowledge - gradual release of responsibility - advance organizers - hint or cue cards - prompts

how can we support self-regulation?

- simulation - attention - appraisal - response

what are some character development issues?

- some students grow up in homes that emphasize very strict moral code, and others live in homes in which there are few moral guidelines or restrictions. - students are continually faced with contradictions concerning character. - middle grades students are especially vulnerable to falling in with the "wrong crowd".

types of schemas:

- stereotypes - roles - wordviews

what are some issues when it comes to intellectual development?

- the attention span of young adolescents may not be as great as it was in late elementary school or will be in high school. - middle level students often have very vivid imaginations that can be linked to concepts as abstract thinking develops. - because intellectual development is so variable among young adolescents, a group of 25 seventh graders may represent a whole spectrum of developmental levels. - physical development and intellectual development happen concurrently. - a major shift in the intellectual development of middle level students is their newly acquired ability to think about their own thinking or experience metacognition. - middle level students begin to understand what is meaningful and useful, with application to their lives.

what are some social development issues?

- young adolescents have a very strong need to be a part of a social group. - some young adolescents are targets. - early adolescence is a prime time for shyness, given the self-consciousness of the age. - teacher's social backgrounds may be different from their students' backgrounds.

List the 13 goals of middle level education:

1.) become actively aware of the larger world, asking significant and relevant questions about the world and wrestling with big ideas and questions for which there may not be one right answer. 2.) be able to think rationally and critically and express thought clearly. 3.) read deeply to independently gather, assess, and interpret information from a variety of sources and read avidly for enjoyment and lifelong learning. 4.) use digital tools to explore, communicate, and collaborate with the world and learn from the rich and varied resources available. 5.) be a good steward of the Earth and its resources and a wise and intelligent consumer of the wide array of goods and services available. 6.) understand and use major concepts, skills and tools of inquiry in the areas of health and physical education, language arts, world languages, mathematics, natural and physical sciences, and the social sciences. 7.) explore music, art, and careers, and recognize their importance to personal growth and learning. 8.) develop his or her strengths, particular skills, talents, or interests and have an emerging understanding of his or her potential contributions to society and to personal fulfillment. 9.) recognize, articulate, and make responsible, ethical decisions concerning his or her own health and wellness needs. 10.) respect and value the diverse ways people look, speak, think and act within the immediate community and around the world. 11.) develop the interpersonal and social skills needed to learn, work, and play with others harmoniously and confidently. 12.) assume responsibility for his or her own actions and be cognizant of and ready to accept obligations for the welfare of others. 13.) undersand, local, national, and global civic responsibilities and demonstrate active citizenship through participation in endeavors that serve and benefit those larger communities.

Found people undergo more rapid and profound personal changes between the ages of _________________ and ____________ than any other time in their lives.

10-15

what is the attention span of a middle schooler?

15 min.

studies show that only _________ % of 8th graders were consistently capable of formal operational thinking.

33%

changes in "stops/starts" is ____________ in variation.

6-8

_______________ believes that learning occurs in environmental and cultural environments where students can interact with others.

vygostky

__________ deals with the stages of cognitive development.

Piaget

_________________ was a theorist who developed a theory of moral development that was an extension of Piaget.

L. Kohlberg

___________ invented the cognitive theory?

vygotsky

skills, knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes, are ____________ hardened prior to young adulthood.

Not

__________ is a theory that says human beings are capable of extending biological programming to construct cognitive systems that interpret experiences with objects and other persons.

Piagets theory of constructvism

Why would having a variety of types of furniture to accommodate various size students potentially be a problem?

This can make the students jealous or make certain students stand out.

____________ invented the zone of proximal development.

Vygotsky

Traditionally, the school did not allow 7th and 8th graders to compete against one another. A particularly talented 7th grade team wants to challenge the 8th graders. Why should we allow or disallow this competition?

We should disallow this because it can cause problems and unsportsmanlike behavior.

Which statement is most accurate about levels of bullying? a.) Bullying is twice as prevalent in middle school compared to elementary or high school. b.) Bullying increases from about 3rd grade through junior year of high school. c.) Bullying is about the same in grades four through ten. d.) Bullying is more prevalent in high school than in middle school.

a.) Bullying is twice as prevalent in middle school compared to elementary or high school.

Which of the following statements is true of ESL programs? a.) ESL programs do not attempt to preserve a student's first language. b.) Teachers must be fluent in at least one language other than English. c.) English as a Second Language classes attempt to preserve other cultures. d.) ESL programs are more expensive than bilingual programs.

a.) ESL programs do not attempt to preserve a student's first language.

All of the following are true about rural schools except a.) Most rural schools receive extra funding because they serve students who live in low SES homes. b.) There is a may be a real sense of community in rural settings. c.) Populations in a rural area tend to be stable. d.) It may be difficult to hire teachers in a rural area.

a.) Most rural schools receive extra funding because they serve students who live in low SES homes.

All of the following statements are true for lesbian, gay, and bisexual students except a.) They are about equally as likely to attempt suicide as the rest of the student population. b.) They are more likely to drop out of school. c.) Many lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adolescents will deny their sexual preferences in middle school, but acknowledge it in high school. d.) They are more likely to be teased and/or physically attacked.

a.) They are about equally as likely to attempt suicide as the rest of the student population.

Which of the following is NOT considered a learning modality? a.) analytical b.) auditory c.) kinesthetic d.) visual

a.) analytical

The five broad areas of development include all of the following except a.) career development b.) character development c.) social development d.) intellectual development

a.) career development

Teachers should tell students to never do all of the following things except a.) keep a record of instances of cyberbullying. b.) meet face-to-face with someone met online. c.) share Internet passwords. d.) post and share personal information only among friends.

a.) keep a record of instances of cyberbullying.

Concerning ability and effort, which statement is accurate? a.) low IQ and high effort may or may not lead to success. b.) high IQ and low effort will most likely lead to success. c.) high IQ and high effort may or may not lead to success. d.) low IQ and low effort may or may not lead to success.

a.) low IQ and high effort may or may not lead to success.

Expecting middle grades students to sit in a desk for up to fifty minutes at a time a.) may lead to disruptive behavior and may exacerbate restlessnes b.) may lead to disruptive behavior because students become uncomfortable. c.) may exacerbate their restlessness. d.) is reasonable, leading many schools to have fifty minute class periods.

a.) may lead to disruptive behavior and may exacerbate restlessnes

Helping young adolescents work through the contradictions they often encounter in their social and character development is accomplished most appropriately through a.) providing an emotionally safe environment where students can explore their attitudes and expereinces. b.) providing them with case studies of other young people and how they handled contradictions. c.) arranging for a guidance counselor to form focus groups on social and character issues. d.) providing parents with helpful books and articles.

a.) providing an emotionally safe environment where students can explore their attitudes and expereinces.

When the economy is problematic, which school setting generally fares well even with budget shortfalls? a.) suburban schools because of parental support b.) urban schools because of federal assistance c.) There is no difference among settings. d.) rural schools because of their isolation

a.) suburban schools because of parental support

When do students with learning disabilities often make the most progress? a.) when they experience a combination of regular education and special education services. b.) when they are taught by specially trained teachers in a special education setting all day. c.) when they experience a combination of medication and resource classes. d.) when they experience total inclusion.

a.) when they experience a combination of regular education and special education services.

All of the following are true about young adolescent relationships with adults except a.) young adolescents tend to be totally indifferent toward adults. b.) they may seek to emulate adults other than family members. c.) affirmation of parental love may be secretly sought. d.) they buy into fantasies and often have heroes.

a.) young adolescents tend to be totally indifferent toward adults.

________________ is a type of thinking that is more adult thinking and learning.

abstract thinking

______________________ is when one needs to expand their schema to make what is reality fit one's perception.

accommodation

in any case we are _________________ of our own knowledge.

active creators

Describe how adolescents view adults.

adolescents view adults in an interesting way. they feel caught between their desire to be safe and secure and their desire for freedom and independence. they may act argumentative and rebellious ways. they also may disassociate themselves from family and buy into fantasies about adults.

Acknowledging gender differences among middle level students a.) should be done, but never discussed among students. b.) helps us be sensitive to developmental needs. c.) should be illegal according to the American Civil Liberties Union. d.) perpetuates stereotypes.

b.) helps us be sensitive to developmental needs.

Thinking about one's own thinking is referred to as a.) magnified vision b.) metacognition c.) hyperthoughtfulness d.) macrocognition

b.) metacognition

Which of the following is NOT appropriate for a team to do to prevent drug use among students? a.) tell students about community resources that may help b.) not allow locks on lockers c.) address the problem in advisory even if kids may reveal sources of drugs d.) distribute information about the harm of substance abuse

b.) not allow locks on lockers

The socioeconomic gap that exists in the U.S. is referred to in the text as the a.) unavoidable dilemma b.) privilege gap c.) SES dilemma d.) monetary gap

b.) privilege gap

Which kind of bullying is most often practiced by girls? a.) sexual innuendo b.) relational aggression c.) physical bullying d.) racial slurs

b.) relational aggression

Which action is NOT considered bullying? a.) pushing and shoving with intent to intimidate b.) student disagreements that lead to fights c.) name calling d.) emotional games that lead to hurt feelings

b.) student disagreements that lead to fights

Which of the following is NOT a sign that a young adolescent is being cyberbullied? a.) The student may be secretive about computer use. b.) student may use the computer every time it's available. c.) student may lose interest in school activities. d.) student may become withdrawn.

b.) student may use the computer every time it's available.

A good definition of peer pressure is a.) the attitude that only adolescent voices matter. b.) the driving force created by the need/desire to confirm. c.) the negative force that becomes a problem for young adolescents. d.) the leading predictor of adolescent suicide

b.) the driving force created by the need/desire to confirm.

young adolescents may reveal emotional vulnerability, yet ___________________.

be deeply self-protective

young adolescents may be capable of complex critical thinking, yet ________________.

be disorganized and excessively forgetful.

What is meant by the term "becoming"? (Be sure to address the terms "concrete" and "abstract")

becoming is the transition from child to adult. the thinking process which is within intellectual development mentions that middle school students go from a concrete or child like thinking to abstract or adult like thinking. It is vital to understand the transition between the two distinct stages.

how are Piaget and vygotsky similar and different?

both are importnatn and scientific which is similar and differnt in their beliefs.

boys focus on ________________________ and girls ________________.

boys = ahtletic girls= social

About what percentage of public school students receive special education services? a.) 24 b.) 28 c.) 12 d.) 18

c.) 12

Which statement is NOT true about bullying? a.) Bullying is about power. b.) Bullying is aggression with intent to harm. c.) Bullying is a rite of passage. d.) Bullying can be a single interaction.

c.) Bullying is a rite of passage.

Which statement is true about physical growth? a.) Growth spurts usually occur in boys between 10 and 15. b.) Muscles tend to grow more quickly than bones. c.) Girls generally experience rapid growth a year or two before boys. d.) Arms and legs tend to grow more quickly than hands and feet.

c.) Girls generally experience rapid growth a year or two before boys.

Which statement is true concerning young adolescent attention span? a.) It may be greater than it will be in high school. b.) It is reasonable to expect a young adolescent to be attentive for a 40 minute lecture. c.) It may not be as great as it was in late elementary school. d.) Studies have shown that attention span remains relatively stable in grades 4-10.

c.) It may not be as great as it was in late elementary school.

Reasons for increased childhood obesity include all of the following except a.) Parent work schedules b.) Urban crime may keep more kids indoors c.) Media promotion of ultrathin people d.) Proliferation of fast food restaurants

c.) Media promotion of ultrathin people

In which document do we find thirteen goals for young adolescents? a.) AMLE Teacher Preparation Standards b.) Turning Points 2000 c.) This We Believe d.) Turning Points

c.) This We Believe

With regard to young adolescent development, the word "becoming" most nearly refers to a.) a compliment we pay a girl on her appearance. b.) a Freudian stage of sexual development. c.) a transitional time between childhood and adulthood. d.) the assimilation of moods.

c.) a transitional time between childhood and adulthood.

Physical development in the young adolescent influences a.) social development b.) emotional development c.) all of the answers d.) intellectual development

c.) all of the answers

What does the text call concentrating on what kids in poverty lack? a.) realistic perception b.) poverty theory c.) deficit theory d.) poverty perception

c.) deficit theory

example of accomodation:

when the students makes and knows the difference between a horse and a zebra.

Physical growth and development spurts in the middle grades years a.) are always welcomed by students. b.) are now predictable with the advent of DNA testing. c.) happen sporadically. d.) occur mainly during the sixth year.

c.) happen sporadically.

Emotional development in early adolescence a.) has less to do with retention of information than physical development. b.) is magnified primarily outside of school. c.) is often triggered by hormonal changes. d.) follows a pattern that may be charted to help us predict maturation rates.

c.) is often triggered by hormonal changes.

If a student is distraught over something a classmate says about her, our best response is to a.) reassure her that by this time next week it will all be forgotten. b.) relate with her situation by telling her that it happened to us. c.) listen with an understanding ear. d.) advise her to ignore the comments.

c.) listen with an understanding ear.

Socioeconomic integration in our schools would a.) not give more students access to quality schools b.) create lower self-esteem among economically advantaged students c.) produce greater racial diversity d.) inevitably necessitate a lower teacher-student ratio

c.) produce greater racial diversity

______________________ is an essential attribute that ensures that every student learns and every member of the learning community is held to high expectations.

challenging

the way young people learn, reason, and decide _____________________ but need to be done in a targeted and socioculturally appropriate manner.

changes and can be changed

________________ is a type of development that deals with: - young adolescent character traits such as are concerned about fairness, ask unanswerable questions, need support, but seldom ask for it, make poor decisions. - school programs working on things such as trustworthiness, respect for others, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship.

character development

_____________ is an umbrella organization for character education, serving as a resource for people and organizations that are integrating character development into their schools and communities.

character education partnership

for our purposes, we are concerned with ___________ and __________ operational stages.

concrete and formal

___________________ is when the child can think logically about concrete objects. such as add and subtract. this child also understands conservation.

concrete operational

__________________ is a type of thinking that is childlike.

concrete thinking

students go from ___________ to ________________ thinking.

concrete to abstract thinking

______________ is a theory based on observation and scientific study about how people learn.

constructivism

both Piaget and vygotsky are considered _______________.

constructivist

YA begin to develop ______________________________________ and more conscious of being treated differently often referred to as a tossed salad.

cultural identity

______________________ is a characteristic that deals with: - the school environment is inviting, safe, inclusive, and supportive of all. - every student's academic and personal development is guided by an adult advocate. - comprehensive guidance and support services meet the needs of young adolescents. - health and wellness are supported in curricula, school-wide programs, and related policies. - school actively involves families in the education of their children. - the school includes community and business partners.

culture and community characteristics

_______________ is a characteristic that deals with: - educators value young adolescents and are prepared to teach them. - students and teachers are engaged in active, purposeful learning. - curriculum is challenging, exploratory, integrative, and relevant. - educators use multiple learning and teaching approaches. - varied and ongoing assessments advance learning as well as measure it.

curriculum, instruction and assessment characteristics.

Which statement is true concerning America and race? a.) States with the greatest percentage growth of non-white students are California and Texas. b.) Hawaii currently has the greatest population of non-white students. c.) Non-white students are spread fairly evenly across states since there are so many non-white races. d.) In recent years, Hispanic population growth has accounted for about half of our country's overall growth.

d.) In recent years, Hispanic population growth has accounted for about half of our country's overall growth.

All of the following are true about puberty except a.) Puberty is the transition phase between childhood and young adulthood. b.) Physical growth generally accompanies puberty. c.) The balance between testosterone and estrogen is broken during puberty. d.) Sexual maturation occurs between one and two years after puberty.

d.) Sexual maturation occurs between one and two years after puberty.

Which option for ELL students involves classes that teach the English language as they would a foreign language? a.) Bilingual Education (BI) b.) English Language Program (ELP) c.) English as a Second Language (ESL) d.) Structured English Immersion (SEI)

d.) Structured English Immersion (SEI)

Which statement is true about concrete and abstract thinking? a.) About 90% of eighth graders are concrete thinkers. b.) Young adolescents transition from abstract thinking to concrete thinking as they mature. c.) Abstract thinking develops as children use their imaginations well d.) Young adolescents transition from concrete thinking to abstract thinking as they mature.

d.) Young adolescents transition from concrete thinking to abstract thinking as they mature.

All of the following are part of Gardner's multiple intelligences except a.) verbal-linguistic b.) intrapersonal c.) naturalist d.) cognitive-intellectual

d.) cognitive-intellectual

According to the text, which of the following is NOTa consequence of childhood obesity? a.) loneliness b.) shorter lifespan on average than today's adults c.) type 2 diabetes d.) likely to lead to prescription drug abuse

d.) likely to lead to prescription drug abuse

Reasons for a decrease in parental involvement in schools during early adolescence include all of the following except a.) schooling becomes more complex and difficult to understand. b.) student developmental changes often cause difficulties in the home. c.) students struggle for independence and, in doing so, often alienate adults. d.) parents are more confident their children are in appropriate school environments.

d.) parents are more confident their children are in appropriate school environments.

The difference between reacting and responding is that a.) young adolescents react and adults respond. b.) both have everything to do with timing. c.) reactions are a combination of emotion and thought, while responses result from just emotion. d.) reacting is often based on emotions while responding is based more on thinking.

d.) reacting is often based on emotions while responding is based more on thinking.

To what does culture refer? a.) preferences for specific art forms b.) characteristics at birth c.) place of birth or origin d.) specific shared values and beliefs

d.) specific shared values and beliefs

Between the desk chair combo or desks and chairs separate - which would be ideal for middle school students?

desks and chairs separate so they can move around more.

_________________ is an essential attribute that uses the distinctive nature of young adolescents as the foundation upon which all decisions about school organizations, policies, curriculum, instruction, and assessment are made.

developmentally responsive

young adolescents may be compassionate in their desire to make the world a better place, yet _______________.

display a high level of self-centeredness and even cruelty toward a classmate.

By middle school what kind of views do they have of themselves?

diversified views of themselves

it matters which ______________ are importnat to the students.

domains

_____________ controls many different things.

intellectual development

social _______________ interaction influences cognitive development and learning.

interaction

Discuss "Interrelatedness". Be sure to address why it is such a major factor in emotional development.

interrelatedness means that emotional development deals with both physical and intellectual development. brain researchers tell us that emotions strongly influence our ability to pay attention and retain information.

What are the potential issues associated with a girl starting her period earlier than her peers?

issues with sexual identity and orientation and body image.

Explain how peer pressure can be positive in some ways and negative in some ways.

it can be positive if the student is looking to be like a student who has good grades but negative in use of drugs and things like that, that they may think is cool.

why is self esteem imporatn?

it is important for participation, social completion, social status, behavior, self-direcition, achievement

What is ossification? What implications does this have for the classroom?

it is the tailbone when it hardens, students may get uncomfortable sitting in a certain position for a certain amount of time.

what does becoming mean?

it is the transition from child to adult, can also be dealing with from going from concrete to abstract way of thinking for middle schoolers.

What is meant by "character" development?

it is what they do and what happens to them. it deals with morals and ethics.

constructivism says that ____________________________________.

it says people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on this experiences.

_____________________ is a characteristic that deals with: - a shared vision developed by all stakeholders guides every decision. - leaders are committed to and knowledgeable about this age group, educational research, and best practices. - leaders demonstrate courage and collaboration. - ongoing professional development reflects best educational practices. - organizational structures foster purposeful learning and meaningful relationships.

leadership and organization characteristics

the brain is ________________ which means investments to improve thinking is NOT wasted.

malleable

_________________ deals with: - nothing ever seems to fit together- Mr. Potato Head - uneven bone muscle growth and or/disroportionate changes in weight and muscle development result in awkwardness/clumsiness. - therefore, don't stereotype or have outpaced expectations for physical abilities. - implications for sports - issues of dexterity

mis-matched parts

in character development age typical characteristics are in ____________________________.

moral reasoning and prosocial behavior

young adolescents are ________________ at school to ______________. they are at school to ___________.

not really learn socialize

____________________ is when members of the oppressed group come to regard certain beleifs, skills, tastes, values, attitudes, and behaviors as not approportae for them since they are associated with the dominant culture.

opporisional identity

How does the text recommend that we respond to young adolescents' feelings of worry?

our responses should be tempered with understanding and the absence of judgmental attitudes.

Piaget believes the cognitive system is in development ____________________.

over time stages

______________ deals with: - growing pains - coccyassifcaiton (tailbone pain).

pain

______________________________ is when someone is unique, because they are unique, bc they are unique evaulate risk in a way that emphasizes inwitable, believe they have unusueal influence or power with in peer network.

personal fables

YA are searching for a ___________________________.

personal identity

emotional development is interrelated with both ___________ and _________________ development- hormones, chemical inbalances, brain development, etc.

physical intellectual

in young adolscence they tend to focus significantly on ____________________.

physical appearance.

_______________________ is influenced by: - age, genetics, obesity, stress, and ecomonics. - timing is very different for girls and boys - girls usually 18 months earlier on average - as early as 8 for girls- after african american - 8-13 for girls; 10-15 for boys - results in "Am I normal" because of the variability. - early developing girls at risk for depression and greater adjustment issues including more likely to be negatively influenced by peer pressure and higher rates of delinquency. early is considered before 11 age. - influences development of sexual identity and orientation and body image - sexual maturity

puberty

what some people refer to the goals of middle level education as?

results orientation

Many people compare young adolescence as a _____________ _______________ of emotions.

roller coaster

_____________ believed children develop schema or mental models connecting new knowledge to existing knowledge.

schema

academic competence and behavior rank low for teens in terms of how it influences __________________________.

self-concept

if academics don't matter, suporting _____________ in academics won't necessarily support better self-esteem, self-concept.

self-concept

____________________________ of self and abilities and roles; knowledge about himself/herself

self-concept knowledge

_______________ emerges from self-concept focuses on "if individiual is competent, valuable and scoially acceptable".

self-esteem

YA begin to be more aware of thier ________________ from other people and of their _______________________.

separtness ethnic

vygotsky is credited with __________ development theory of learning/social cognition.

social

_______________ is a type of development that deals with: - adult relationships - peer and group relationships

social development

_____________________________ becomes increasingly importnat; therefore try to avoid social comparision cues.

social domain

_________________ self-way is when we believe we are viewed by others

social self-way

What are psychological implications of puberty and the timing of puberty?

stress and emotional changes

how should we as teachers deal with the low attention span of young adolescents?

teachers should break up lessons into chunks and use different instructional strategies.

Why is there some controversy when it comes to implementing school programs for character development?

this is because different people want different values and aspects of character promoted in public schools and some do not agree,

Why would young adolescents maybe have a hard time taking notes for an extended period of time?

this is because of the changing dexterity in their hands.

what is the number one major goal in "this we believe" for middle level educators:

to get students to become a fully functioning, self-actualized person, each young adolescent should basically be a good and moral, hardworking and caring person.

If a male student (who is normally cooperative) refuses to get out of his seat to come work a problem on the board, etc., how should a teacher respond? What could explain this behavior?

you should be respectful and allow them to not be forced to go to the board.