EDPS 393 Midterm

Nearly 15 million or 22% of children in America live in poverty. How does the wealth in typical Black households compare to the wealth in typical White households? 18% as much wealth in typical Black households 11% as much wealth in typical Black households 6% as much wealth in typical Black households 25% as much wealth in typical Black households

6% as much wealth in typical Black households

Ms. Markham is conducting a study in her classroom. She wants to determine whether students perform better on a concepts test after using a mini-lecture approach or after engaging in a group activity. What type of research is she conducting? Ethnographic Longitudinal Microgenetic Action research

Action research

Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with social cognitive theory? Jean Piaget Lev Vygotsky Albert Bandura B. F. Skinner

Albert Bandura

Ms. Jovanovic encourages her first graders to complete their reading assignment before lunch in order to receive a sticker. Which view of motivation influences her approach to the assignment? Sociocultural view Cognitive view Social cognitive view Behavioral view

Behavioral view

Mrs. Delaney wants her students to learn to start their seat assignment and stop talking when the second-morning bell rings. By pairing this stimulus-response sequence, Mrs. Delaney is applying which of the following principles of learning? Contiguity Observational learning Theory of mind Operant conditioning

Contiguity

Which of the following middle school students is using the element of working memory known as the phonological loop to hold information? Jerita is drawing a map of the counties in her state and highlighting the counties that produce the most corn. Marcus is writing an essay on the topic of his choice, and he chose to write about global warming. Suri is solving an algebra problem using the model presented in her text. Darrin is working with his partner to create harmony on a new piece for band.

Darrin is working with his partner to create harmony on a new piece for band.

A child listens to the sound of the letter k and watches the teacher write the letter kon the chart paper. Then the teacher tells the child to recall the character in yesterday's story who has a name that begins with the sound made by the letter k. Which of the following best describes the element or process of working memory being used? Phonological loop Visuospatial sketchpad Automaticity Episodic buffer

Episodic buffer

Marla's only reason for mowing the lawn was to get paid. What level of extrinsic behavior is Marla exhibiting? External regulation Integrated regulation Identification Introjected regulation

External regulation

Eight years ago, when Lucas was in the third grade, he and a friend tried to light a cigarette in Lucas's tree house. They started a fire that burned down the tree house, but his mom and the neighbors were able to extinguish the fire quickly. Lucas, now a junior in high school, recalls the event and still remembers every detail as though it happened yesterday. What kind of memory is Lucas recalling? Procedural Semantic Implicit Flashbulb

Flashbulb

During the standardized test, which student demonstrates implicit long-term memory? Dan ponders questions four and five. He is trying to remember how to do the analysis required in the questions. Shaylee begins the second section of the test and suddenly remembers that she forgot to text her mom and tell her what time to pick her up. Jeremy reads the first few questions and is able to answer them quickly with confidence that they are right. Haley's hands shake as she begins the test, just like her hands shook when she took the SAT.

Haley's hands shake as she begins the test, just like her hands shook when she took the SAT.

Experienced teachers often ask several of the following questions as they teach. Which question most likely expresses the metacognitive concern of a beginning teacher? How might I help my students become self-regulated learners? How well did I present that new concept? What might help my high achievers extend their learning? What does Student A need in order to learn this skill?

How well did I present that new concept?

Braden is worried about the grade he'll receive on his essay. Mr. Tompkins encourages him not to worry about his grade. He tells Braden to focus on learning from his past mistakes and improving his writing on the essay. Mr. Tompkins is encouraging which type of motivation? Introjected regulation Intrinsic External regulation Extrinsic

Intrinsic

You are teaching a unit that includes a large amount of information the students need to understand. The material is not complex, but students should have working knowledge and be able to apply it in future lessons. Rather than lecturing to present the information, you want to use some form of cooperative learning for students to encounter the information. Which of the following strategies fits your goal in this situation? Reciprocal questioning Jigsaw learning Reciprocal teaching Structured controversy

Jigsaw learning

Raj smelled the aroma of the dinner rolls baking in the cafeteria down the hall from his classroom. What memory system is at work as Raj processes this stimulus? Sensory Phonological loop Visuospatial sketchpad Mirror systems

Sensory

The Measures of Teaching Effectiveness Project identified three measures used together as a valid and reliable way of assessing teaching that leads to student learning. The three measures include surveys of student perceptions of their teachers and classroom observations from the Danielson Framework for Teaching. What is the other measure? Student scores on national standardized tests Teacher content knowledge Teacher classroom management skills Student gains on state tests

Student gains on state tests

A new student just arrived at Jackson Elementary. The principal led the student to Mrs. Kimble's class and motioned for the student to take a seat. When Mrs. Kimble spoke to the student, he didn't answer. He was wearing sneakers, and he carried a backpack. He had dark hair and wore glasses. If Mrs. Kimble is a problem solver, what information about this student will receive her attention? The student's backpack The student's eyeglasses The student didn't answer her. The principal led the student.

The student didn't answer her.

Ms. Angelo provided support students needed to get started on a multifaceted assignment. She circulated, answering questions, making suggestions, and encouraging students to review the instructions. On the second day, she monitored students as they continued to work on the project. Now she is certain that everyone is on the right track. Students' understanding has deepened and they have very few questions. On day three of this assignment, what level of scaffolding is appropriate? Fading support Differentiation Contingency support Transfer of responsibility to students

Transfer of responsibility to students

Lily does not like conflict. When her parents argue and raise their voices, Lily feels frightened. She has seen her dad strike her mom after yelling at her. At school, Mr. Nash raises his voice and Lily begins to tremble. Lily's trembling is: a conditioned stimulus. a neutral response. a conditioned response. an unconditioned response.

a conditioned response.

Bryson was three when his neighbor's house burned down. He heard the loud sirens and saw the fire and trembled with fear. Now he's starting preschool. He hears the loud bell ring and associates it with the fire and fire trucks and begins to tremble. In this setting, the sound of the bell is: a neutral response. a neutral stimulus. an unconditioned response. a conditioned stimulus.

a conditioned stimulus.

As a seven-year-old boy, Dean likes to catch butterflies and moths. He is fascinated by the colors and patterns on their wings. Today he saw several monarchs and caught one in his net. In his mental representations of butterflies and moths, the monarch he caught today is: a concept. a defining attribute. a prototype. an exemplar.

an exemplar.

DeWayne, a ninth-grade student, has a learning disability. The team that develops his individualized education program is most likely made up of: Tomas and his teachers. his parents, teachers, school psychologist, and assistant principal. his parents and the special education teacher. his general education teacher and the school psychologist.

his parents, teachers, school psychologist, and assistant principal.

Ian is a student in Mr. Dumas's ninth grade class. When Mr. Dumas announces that there will be a science test on Friday, Ian begins to dread Friday. He wonders whether he will be able to pass the science test. He didn't do well on the previous test, and he struggled with the concepts in this chapter about natural selection. Ian's doubt about his ability to do well on the science test is representative of his: low self-esteem. low self-efficacy. anxiety disorder. lack of self-regulation.

low self-efficacy.

Which teacher is helping third grade students to develop metacognitive skills in writing? "After you choose your topic, come up with three points you want to communicate about the topic." "You should choose a topic that is very familiar to you. Then you will be able to write about it in a way that holds your reader's interest." "Write a topic sentence first. Your topic sentence should introduce your reader to the topic and capture the reader's attention." "Ask yourself what helped you remember the boy's appearance, and use that knowledge to come up with descriptive words."

"Ask yourself what helped you remember the boy's appearance, and use that knowledge to come up with descriptive words."

Even though many psychologists and educators use the term constructivism, they often mean very different things. Although there is no single constructivist theory, most constructivist perspectives do agree on two central ideas.First, identify these two central ideas. Then describe at least two practices in traditional classrooms that seem inconsistent with these ideas.

"Central Idea 1: Learners are active in constructing their own understanding—they create knowledge by going beyond the information they are given (Chi & Wylie, 2014). Central Idea 2: Social interactions are important in this knowledge construction process (Bruning, Schraw, & Norby, 2011; Schunk, 2016)." Teacher-led activities. Not every aspect of the classroom is social, and some students prefer to work alone.

Which of the following posters is most likely to promote cognitive behavior modification? "Why study history?" "Together we are strong." "Respect others." "Does this make sense?"

"Does this make sense?"

In the following learning situations, which one is described in a way that illustrates a cognitive view of learning? Deidra's teacher complimented the way she created a Venn diagram in her notebook. Montie's coach demonstrated the correct way to hold the bat and stand at the plate. Then Montie moved his hands down on the bat and practiced the correct stance. Carla listened to the lesson about fractions and remembered learning similar information about time signature in her piano lesson. Sybil's teacher gave her a gold star for getting the correct answers on all of the practice problems in the math assignment.

Carla listened to the lesson about fractions and remembered learning similar information about time signature in her piano lesson.

Which of the following students views ability as a controllable cause of success or failure? Cassidy is trying different strategies for learning her vocabulary words. She is sure she will find a strategy that works for her. Devon knows his dad did well in math when he was a student, but Devon believes he got his mom's genes and can't do as well as his dad. Staci makes good grades in literature, but she doesn't understand science. She knows there's nothing she can do to make high grades in science. Marcus's teacher asked him if he wanted to use the tutorial on the computer. He said it wouldn't help and that he doesn't have a mind for math.

Cassidy is trying different strategies for learning her vocabulary words. She is sure she will find a strategy that works for her.

To encourage students to use learning strategies effectively, teachers must design learning tasks that are appropriate rather than tasks that require memorization. Which of the following tasks is appropriate for practicing complex learning strategies? Compare the settings and characters of the two stories. Recall the day and year of these main events in history. List the names of the states and capitals in this region of the country. Tell what the author said about the main character's motives.

Compare the settings and characters of the two stories.

Ken is reading his notes from science class. He wants to organize information the teacher presented about erosion—the causes, the effects, and relationships between weather conditions and erosion. He needs an effective learning strategy. Which of the following tools seems most likely to help Ken meet his goal? Venn diagram Concept map Flashcards Cornell notes

Concept map

Riley is weighing her options for the weekend. She has a project due on Monday in French class and wants to present a topnotch product. She has an invitation to an out-of-town event with friends. She wants to go and knows her friends will be disappointed if she declines, but she wouldn't return until late Saturday night. She has time-consuming reading to do for her literature class, and she never goes to class unprepared. If she goes with friends, she will disappoint herself and settle for lower quality on her French project; she will disappoint herself and go unprepared for literature discussion. If she doesn't go with friends, she will disappoint them. What part of the motivation equation is Riley weighing? Expectancy Performance Work avoidance Cost

Cost

Jerrod is a fifth-grade boy who loves to make people laugh. He invokes laughter in the classroom by making a small sound, a facial expression, a witty comment, or a vivid metaphor.Based on what you know about operant conditioning, explain how the following consequences likely influence Jerrod's behavior.First consequence: Everyone laughs at Jerrod's behavior.Second consequence: Everyone ignores Jerrod's behavior.

First consequence: Everyone laughs at Jerrod's behavior. Jerrod is likely to repeat this behavior because he is receiving attention/ laughter to reinforce his initial behavior of making the joke. This is positive reinforcement. Behavior> Reinforcer> Repeated Response Consequence > Effect Second consequence: Everyone ignores Jerrod's behavior. Jerrod is not likely to repeat this behavior because he is not receiving attention/ laughter to reinforce his initial behavior of making the joke. This is removal punishment. Behavior> Punisher> Supressed Response Consequence > Effect

As a new teacher, you are eager to meet your 24 students. You are interested in the ethnic and cultural diversity of your students and their range of abilities and needs. If the diversity among your students matches national statistical norms, how many children will you have with mild to severe developmental disabilities? One Two Three Four

Four

As the teacher asks questions about the story the students just finished reading, Kylie thinks in pictures and uses visual information. Based on the facets of the visualizer-verbalizer dimension, what might we conclude about Kylie? Her cognitive spatial ability is low. She has the phenomenon referred to as the illusion of learning. Her learning preference is visual and verbal. Her cognitive style is visualizer.

Her cognitive style is visualizer.

Carrie is preparing her school lunch and sees leftovers in the refrigerator. She doesn't remember when her mom cooked the meal, so it may not have been very recently. She's running late and needs to make a quick decision. She says to herself, "When in doubt, throw it out" and chooses something else. What problem-solving method is she using? Functional fixedness Algorithm Heuristic Means-end analysis

Heuristic

Based on information about genderlects, which of the following statements is most likely made by Calli, a middle school girl, and not one of the boys in her class? We have to beat the other team today and regain our status as the best in the league. I saw your sister at the ball game, and she seemed to be getting around on her crutches without a problem. I think it's unfair for the other groups to get more time to work on their projects. I have a right to sit in this chair. I got the top score on the test last week.

I saw your sister at the ball game, and she seemed to be getting around on her crutches without a problem.

Which of the following teachers seems to have the most appropriate understanding of learning styles? I try to present instruction in multiple modalities. For example, I use pictures, charts, and maps along with printed text and verbal instruction. Every year I give my students a learning styles inventory to help them understand their best way of learning and to increase their learning. I divide my students into verbal and auditory groups on the basis of their learning styles and teach according to their styles. Based on research about learning preferences, I recommend that students use their preferred style and avoid their weaker styles in order to learn more.

I try to present instruction in multiple modalities. For example, I use pictures, charts, and maps along with printed text and verbal instruction.

Mrs. Frasier describes her classroom. "I have 21 students. Seven are English learners. Four require special help with reading. One has a hearing impairment and works with a signer, and one has an autism spectrum disorder." Which of the following terms best fits Mrs. Frasier's description of her class? Special education classroom Inclusion classroom Racially and ethnically diverse classroom Individualized classroom

Inclusion classroom

In science class, the teacher posed the question, "Can photosynthetic plants live without sunlight?" Students planted seeds, provided water and sunlight, and watched them grow. Now they are formulating hypotheses about the teacher's question, denying sunlight to their plants and collecting data day by day. At this point they are ready to discuss their evidence and draw conclusions. What teaching approach is being used in this classroom? Problem-based learning Direct teaching Unassisted discovery Inquiry learning

Inquiry learning

From the beginning, psychology in the United States was linked to teaching. Among the early psychologists in this country, which leader is respected as the father of the progressive education movement? William James, author of Talks to Teacher about Psychology G. Stanley Hall, founder of the American Psychological Association John Dewey, founder of the Laboratory School at the University of Chicago

John Dewey, founder of the Laboratory School at the University of Chicago

In her small reading group, Mrs. Casey discussed new vocabulary words with the students. She explained that the new word dugout is used to describe a place in the hillside that was dug out by the pioneer family in the story and used for shelter. She asked students to draw a picture to represent the new vocabulary word dugout to help them remember the meaning. Which of the following students used divergent thinking to represent the word's meaning? Maria drew a hole in the side of a hill with tall grass growing on top. Julio drew a bear curled up in a dugout at the side of a rocky mountain. Karmen drew a small opening in a hillside and put a door on it. Stan drew a cave in the side of a hill with trees growing around it.

Julio drew a bear curled up in a dugout at the side of a rocky mountain.

Elvin speaks Spanish with his grandmother and English with everyone else at home, but he is starting school and needs to use English at school. Based on research about bilingualism, what should Elvin be encouraged to do about developing skills in both languages? Develop English only. Bilingual students tend to use code-switching, an indication of low-level language skills. Speak English only. Avoid speaking Spanish. The dual languages will interfere with his ability to read and write English correctly. Focus on developing English and teach his grandmother to speak English. Keep developing skills in both languages. Being bilingual increases cognitive abilities.

Keep developing skills in both languages. Being bilingual increases cognitive abilities.

Based on the following descriptions, which of these students seems to exhibit the highest degree of creativity? Julianna is usually the first one in her third-grade class to finish the math assignment every day. She likes to compete to be first, and she usually makes a perfect score on her math papers. Arial knows more facts about the solar system than anyone else in her fifth-grade class. During class discussions, she often tells something she has learned about one of the planets. Foster began taking piano lessons when he was four years old. His parents make sure he practices every day. Now he's a senior in high school and plays with the philharmonic in his city. Leo often uses metaphors to explain things during class discussions and is curious about everything—construction of his desk, how a ball bounces on different surfaces, how vibrations make sounds.

Leo often uses metaphors to explain things during class discussions and is curious about everything—construction of his desk, how a ball bounces on different surfaces, how vibrations make sounds.

Dr. Casey studied the effects of a particular after-school tutoring program on the academic achievement of children in his state who live in extreme poverty. He followed children from kindergarten through the fifth grade. What type of research is involved in such a study? Ethnographic Case study Longitudinal Action research

Longitudinal

Based on personal attributions of their success or failure, which student is most likely to be motivated to choose more difficult academic tasks in the future? Marla believes her failure in the chemistry lab was caused by her lack of preparation. Duke said he didn't study for the algebra test. He said he's just good at math. Camille said she made the highest grade because she was lucky enough to get the easier version of the test. Stan thinks he failed the literature test because he is not capable of understanding poetry.

Marla believes her failure in the chemistry lab was caused by her lack of preparation.

McKenna Williams is a reflective teacher. She has noticed an increasing number of students not completing their independent seatwork in language and spelling. She expects students to take responsibility for working independently while she works with small reading groups. Now she wonders whether she should start allowing students to work together in pairs or trios rather than continuing to require them to work quietly on an individual basis. Her common sense tells her that she should continue to require quiet individual work. Her colleague Cal Sitton disagrees. He allows his students to work in pairs. McKenna respects her colleague Cal and knows he has more experience teaching than she does. But she doesn't want to mirror his teaching without reason or evidence that his strategies are more effective. How might she research this question in her own classroom and produce evidence to support one approach over another?

Mckenna should use action research and experiment with both types of work strategies. She should try allowing the students to work in groups of 2 or 3 and see how this affects students' effectiveness and the quality of their work. If the students do worse she will have evidence that the method is not effective for this particular activity. If they do better she will see that there is a reason her colleague uses this strategy.

Mrs. Gomez is in her third year of teaching fourth grade. This year one student's dad visited with Mrs. Gomez during the second week of school and described his son Gabe as very creative. He mentioned Gabe's skill in crafting witty statements, his love of writing and creating characters and settings with distinctive traits, his insatiable curiosity and his intensity. Mrs. Gomez discussed with the dad some of the things she would like to do to encourage Gabe's creativity and help him acclimate to classroom rules and procedures without feeling stifled. Gabe's dad felt like she was on the right track.On the way home from school, Mrs. Gomez is reflecting on the conversation and realizing that she would like to encourage creativity in all of her students. She believes she can work effectively with Gabe and use some of the same ideas to help other students think outside the box.Describe at least four things Mrs. Gomez might do that will foster Gabe's creativity and encourage other students to be creative.

Mrs. Gomez should provide opportunities for students to use divergent thinking. The process may involve asking questions that are not included in the teacher's guides. Such questions ask students to think of additional solutions to problems and consider perspectives that are not presented in the lessons.

Which of the following teachers incorporates one or more of the common elements of constructivist student-centered teaching? Mr. Tindal gives the students additional homework questions for extra credit when he covers complex new concepts in science. Ms. Fowler writes the assignments on the board and has seatwork ready for students when they arrive each morning. Mr. Franks rewards his students with extra points when they complete their spelling assignments and make a perfect score on the test. Mrs. Kim's math center has containers with colored beads, building blocks, and play money for children to use when they solve tasks together.

Mrs. Kim's math center has containers with colored beads, building blocks, and play money for children to use when they solve tasks together.

Nika is a failure-avoiding student. Her teachers have different ways of dealing with her. Which one of her teachers does NOT encourage self-worth? Mr. Simmons tells Nika how he failed math one grading period and then learned new strategies that helped him succeed. Mr. Levitz says failure is diagnostic and tells Nika what she needs to do to improve. Mrs. Rollins helps Nika set performance goals to make a passing grade in health class. Ms. Carmike coaches Nika to ask specific questions about the aspects of science she doesn't understand.

Mrs. Rollins helps Nika set performance goals to make a passing grade in health class.

Ms. Anderson wants to encourage creative thinking in her students. She uses all of the following strategies and responses. Which one promotes the LEAST creativity? Students work in groups to come up with their solutions to an ill-structured problem. Ms. Anderson teaches students the steps in a strategy for remembering a new concept. The class brainstorms ways to use their new knowledge to improve safety at school. Students think of situations during a war when it might have been appropriate for soldiers to break a certain rule.

Ms. Anderson teaches students the steps in a strategy for remembering a new concept.

The principal at Bragg Elementary School held a meeting in which he reminded teachers to create learning environments that represent constructivist perspectives. Which of the following environments is LEAST likely to meet the principal's expectations? One teacher created a simulation in which students carry out tasks that would be performed on a space station. One teacher sets aside a time every day for students to suggest ways they might take something they learned at school and use it away from school. One teacher provides a checklist format for students to keep track of their progress and take responsibility for turning in assignments on time. One teacher puts his notes on PowerPoint and lectures from them to help students take precise notes that capture the content without misunderstandings.

One teacher puts his notes on PowerPoint and lectures from them to help students take precise notes that capture the content without misunderstandings.

In Zimmerman's three-phase model of self-regulated learning, the first phase, forethought, involves task analysis, motivation, planning and goal setting. What occurs in the second phase? Reflection Performance Attributions of success or failure Revision of strategies and beliefs

Performance

Mr. Phillips is grouping his fifth-grade students for a cooperative learning project that will span class periods for two weeks. He has 5 groups of four plus one group of three. He balanced the number of boys and girls in the groups and made sure the students who are perceived by their peers to be different were placed in a group together. What does he need to change about his groups? He has grouped them appropriately and needs to change nothing. Increase the size of the groups to five or six students per group. Group boys and girls separately at this age. Place a student who is different in a group with a student who is tolerant.

Place a student who is different in a group with a student who is tolerant.

Students in Mr. McKay's class are generating ideas about ways to deal with the problem of limited resources for the homeless high school students in their area. They are consulting a variety of resources and experts to represent multiple perspectives on the topic. They want their conclusions to be plausible and plan to invite the mayor to give feedback about their ideas. What approach is Mr. McKay using in this setting? Scaffolded learning Problem-based learning Discovery learning Inquiry learning

Problem-based learning

Reese is a one-year-old child with hearing impairment. Her parents have been learning and using signed language since Reese's birth. What might they expect about their daughter's language skill development? Reese's receptive language will be delayed and will likely fall six months behind hearing children. Reese will probably "say" her first words at a much later time than hearing children speak their first words. Reese will develop language skills at the same rate hearing children develop language skills. Reese will experience different milestones and develop language on a different schedule than children with normal hearing.

Reese will develop language skills at the same rate hearing children develop language skills.

Ms. Castello has tried several configurations for students to practice the Spanish conversations they memorize in the book. Students seem to enjoy the task most when they work in pairs around the classroom, and they dread the task when they are required to perform in front of the class. How might Ms. Castello use this information to provide negative reinforcement? Reward students by allowing them to work in pairs if they complete written assignments in a timely manner. Punish students when they fail to participate in the whole class activity by taking away the privilege of working in pairs. Remove the requirement to perform in front of the class if students focus and perform well in pairs. Assure students that they will be allowed to work in pairs after they perform in front of the class.

Remove the requirement to perform in front of the class if students focus and perform well in pairs.

During history class, one of the students rolled a baseball on the floor toward the front of the classroom. Ms. Durango saw the rolling ball as she turned from the front marker board. She saw the direction from which the ball rolled, determined that she needed to identify the disruptive student immediately, and quickly called the name of the only boy sitting on that row. Her identification was not correct. What probably hindered her from solving the problem of identifying the disruptive student? Representativeness heuristic Functional fixedness Response set Analysis paralysis

Representativeness heuristic

After the first month of school, Mr. Lennox places a suggestion box in his classroom and encourages students to drop suggestions anonymously into the box. He opens the box at the end of the week and reads a note suggesting that he stop lecturing. The student says that lectures put him or her to sleep.Mr. Lennox wants students to learn history. He realizes the value of the declarative knowledge he is presenting, and he wants it to hold meaning for his students. Mr. Lennox shows you the suggestion and asks for recommendations. As his colleague, you are in a position to help. What, besides lecturing, might Mr. Lennox do in his teaching to help students create semantic memory of historical events?What might Mr. Lennox do in his teaching to help students create episodic memory of historical events?

THINK DUEL CODING Mr. Lennox should try to shorten his lectures into main points, creating and repeating propositions will allow students to get more meaning out of lessons. These propositions should also be connected. A propositional network is a set of propositions that are connected, making information easier to remember for students. He should also try pairing his focus points with visual aids. Using visual and verbal units in presentations increases the likelihood of students remembering information. What might Mr. Lennox do in his teaching to help students create episodic memory of historical events? To help create episodic memory for students Mr. Lennox should attempt tying examples from class, personal stories, people, and experiences to historical events. The children's personal experiences with things previously done in class and at school will better allow them to connect to new history concepts.

Which of the following children in Ms. Fernandez's class is probably protected by Section 504 (a part of civil rights law) but not covered by IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)? Afton has an emotional disturbance, cries often, and has vocal outbursts occasionally. Jeremy was born with intellectual disability and struggles to learn. Hal has a learning disability and needs to listen to recordings of his texts. Tatum broke her leg and needs crutches for several weeks.

Tatum broke her leg and needs crutches for several weeks.

Michael often gets out of his seat in the classroom. His buddy has noticed a pattern. Any time the teacher leaves the room, Michael gets out of his seat. When the teacher returns, she reprimands Michael. What is the antecedent of Michael's behavior? The teacher leaves the room. Michael gets out of his seat. Michael's buddy observes Michael's behavior. The teacher reprimands Michael.

The teacher leaves the room.

Jaylen speaks an African American English dialect. In the history lesson today, he answers a question by stating, "They didn't have no GPS on their ships." What is the best way for his teacher to deal with Jaylen's answer? The teacher should correct Jaylen's grammar and ask him to repeat the rule about double negatives. The teacher should instruct Jaylen to speak formal English at all times in the classroom and at school. The teacher should recognize that double negatives are part of the grammatical structure of Jaylen's dialect. The teacher should provide special instruction for Jaylen and help him recognize the negative stereotype associated with his dialect.

The teacher should recognize that double negatives are part of the grammatical structure of Jaylen's dialect.

The debate about critical periods and sensitive periods of development is not completely resolved. What is the predominant belief about the critical period for language learning? There is a critical period for learning accurate language pronunciation. There is a critical period for mastering the grammar and syntax of a language. There is a critical period for vocabulary acquisition in a second language. There is a critical period for English speakers to learn Mandarin and other tonal languages.

There is a critical period for learning accurate language pronunciation.

At the beginning of the year, Mr. Doniphan taught his eighth graders a strategy for comprehending their history lessons when they read the chapters in their text. He has found over his three years of teaching that many of the students get bogged down in the details and fail to understand how one event relates to another. The class is working on chapter four and Mr. Doniphan is leading discussion about the assigned reading. He finds that most of the students are unable to participate. They are getting bogged down again and are not applying the strategy they learned earlier.What does Mr. Doniphan need to do when he teaches the learning strategy in order for students to continue using it all year?

When he or any other teacher introduces a learning strategy, the teacher needs to model the strategy and make sure students understand when and how to use it. Then the teacher needs to provide appropriate tasks in which students use the strategy. In Mr. Doniphan's case, he needs to make sure the discussion questions require students to have used the strategy and gained understanding of the relationship of events to one another rather than asking questions that require recall of details

Ms. Cardot wants her students to enjoy math. In order to help students associate math with pleasant thoughts, she introduces new manipulatives at the math center each week for students to use in solving math problems. Often the manipulatives involve edible snacks. Ms. Cardot's approach is an example of: operant conditioning. unconditioned response. classical conditioning. neutral response.

classical conditioning.

Samantha habitually blurted out answers to questions during class discussion. Mr. Hargrove repeatedly called Samantha by name and told her to wait her turn, but Samantha repeated her behavior day after day. Mr. Hargrove finally realized that his strategy was not working. He thought he was using a form of punishment, but his strategy turned out to be: negative reinforcement of the behavior. positive reinforcement of the behavior. the antecedent for the behavior. the unconditioned stimulus.

positive reinforcement of the behavior.

Ms. Gromberg taught her students how to use the CAPS strategy for reading literature. Teo learned the strategy, but it takes extra time. As he reads the assignment for tomorrow, Teo wants to hurry and decides to skip the strategy. He hopes Ms. Gromberg doesn't give a quiz tomorrow. Teo's situation is an example of: a heuristic. analogical thinking. distributed practice. production deficiency.

production deficiency.

Mrs. Hernandez wants to help her fourth-grade students improve their performance and increase their self-efficacy for conveying emotion in their personal narrative writing. With this goal in mind, she is most likely to: set long-term goals for judging progress. give rewards for being engaged in the process. set short-term goals related to the task. integrate the task with a focus on incorporating facts.

set short-term goals related to the task.

Ms. Porter is the favorite teacher of tenth grader Alejandro. During today's writing assignment, she reminds him how well he did on the previous essay and helps him set goals for each step of the new writing task. She assures him that he can succeed with this essay. This is an example of: modeling. physiological arousal. vicarious experiences. social persuasion.

social persuasion.

Nadia has high self-efficacy for completing her assignments and making good grades in German class. All of the following likely contribute to her self-efficacy in German class EXCEPT: hearing her father speak German. doing well on previous assignments in German class. seeing her older brother do well on his German assignments. taking first place in a painting contest.

taking first place in a painting contest.